Research methods in criminal justice

RQRevisedandexplained.docx

RQ: What is the relationship between depression levels experienced by Baltimore Police officers and the incidences of domestic violence against a spouse?

This research question involves examining the relationship between depression levels experienced by Baltimore Police officers and the incidence of domestic violence against a spouse.

IV: Depression Levels experienced by Baltimore Police officers.

DV: Incidence of domestic violence against a spouse.

This research question, is not immediately clear whether there is a causal relationship between the IV and DV.

Causality implies that changes in the IV directly cause changes in the DV. To determine causality, I would need to conduct a controlled experiment or a longitudinal study that manipulates the levels of depression in Baltimore Police officers and observes the resulting changes in the incidence of domestic violence against their spouses. However, conducting such an experiment in this context could be ethically and practically challenging.

It's more likely that my research question explores an associative or correlational relationship, meaning I am trying to understand whether there is a statistical association or relationship between the two variables.

For example, I may be interested in whether police officers with higher depression levels are more likely to have spouses who experience domestic violence. This type of research can provide valuable insights into potential connections between the variables, but it does not establish causation.

This research question aims to investigate the relationship between depression levels in Baltimore Police officers and the incidence of domestic violence against their spouses. While the research can reveal associations or correlations, it may not establish causality without more specific study design and data analysis.

Infoforassignment.docx

Assignment 4: Design and Methods

Instructions in BLUE

Using the attached 2 files write an essay that describes the design and methods for your study by fully addressing the questions provided under each section. (DO NOT CUT and PASTE from the provided documents. Use your own words.) Keep the section subheadings given (procedures, sample, instruments, and data analysis). Also keep the sentences provided in black where they are provided.

1. Your first sentence should be: This is secondary data analysis using the Police Stress and Domestic Violence in Police Families in Baltimore, Maryland, 1997-1999 dataset.

2. Using information from the ICPSR 2976 Methodology document provided describe:

A . Procedure (How was data collected?)

**What data does ICPSR 2976 contain?

**Which method(s) were used to collect the data (survey, observation, unobtrusive research)?

**Which agency collected the data?

B. Sample (From whom/what was the data collected?)

**Among whom or what was the data collected (ex., Police officers, Agencies, US citizens)?

**How many cases in the sample were possible/eligible, i.e., response rate?

** What was the final number of cases in the database?

C. Instruments (How were the variables in your study measured?)

Using the ICPSR 2976 file (0_Data_CRJU396.sav) provided with this assignment, indicate how each of the questions for your variables in your hypothesis was worded and the possible answers the respondent was given to select from when answering (just provide the wording you see in the SSPS file). You can provide a list. For example, if one of my hypotheses was:

High rank officers are more likely to experience feeling blue.

I would seek the variables in that hypothesis as they appear in the ICPSR 2976 and provide the wording found, as I do below:

Rank: Current rank

Feeling blue (S93) with possible responses of Never, Sometimes, Frequently, Always, or Unknown.

D. Data Analysis: (Indicate the statistical techniques you will use.)

Everyone in this course will mostly use two types of analysis: One is Chi-square and another is Pearson correlation. If you plan to stick with me in Senior Seminar in spring 2024, then you may choose either. However, if you are not sure about your Professor you plan to work with, then you should choose Chi-squre because the other Professor prefers the Chi-square statistics. Below I am giving you the statement on the data analysis you will be doing. However, you must add a few sentences on why we will use these statistics. (Lookup the reason why these statistics are used and add immediately after the sentence given below). You can go to Google and type: Why use descriptive statistics? Why use Crosstabs? Why use Pearson Chi Square? Why use Pearson correlation? As you get a response from Google or other source enter it as part of this section as well. Do provide credit for the source.

The data will be analyzed using SPSS Statistics. Analysis will be done using descriptive statistics and Crosstabs with Pearson Chi Square.

AnnotatedBibassignmentInstructions.docx

For this assignment you will need the 5 scholarly research articles ( Included)

Please provide your hypotheses at the top of the page so I can easily see if the articles relate to your hypotheses.

Provide an annotated bibliography (summary and comments) on a minimum of 5 scholarly articles related to the research question and hypotheses for your project.

Task: For each scholarly article you found provide:

1. the article/annotation reference.

Citations must be in American Psychological Association (APA) format. A possible source of information on how to APA format your references is: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/reference_list_articles_in_periodicals.html

2. provide a paragraph summary or annotation of the article which contains the following information:

a. Purpose of the study (research question)

b. Summary of the study:

--Sample type and size (from whom was the data collected)

--Methods (how was data collected)

--Findings (t his is the most important piece of information to provide/discuss because it gives the reader of your proposal/paper some background information on what researchers have found on the topic you are studying).

c. In a sentence or two indicate how the article findings are important to your topic.

3. Repeat the steps above for each of the 5 articles and present each article one after the other.

Example of annotated summary (not a real study) with required information identified IN CAPS:

REFERENCE IN APA FORMAT (follow this example of APA formatting for each of your reference. Notice that the journal name and the volume, first number after journal name, are in italics)

Cuadrado, M., Torres, J, & Lieberman, L. (2021). Impact of drug use on violence. Journal of Drug Addiction, 1(2), 3-10. https://doi.1234334.7465929

EACH ARTICLE MUST BE IDENTIFIED BY AUTHORS LAST NAME AND YEAR. DO NOT SAY "THIS ARTICLE". Cuadrado, Torres, and Lieberman (2021) PURPOSE OF STUDY examined the impact that use of cocaine and use of marijuana have on the likelihood of engaging in violence. METHODS A survey was conducted using SAMPLE TYPE AND SIZE 250 students at a local college in 2015. FINDINGS Findings indicate that individuals using cocaine were twice as likely to engage in violence than those using marijuana. IMPORTANCE This study provides some understanding of the different effects that a drug may have on the user.

So, for the example above you would submit:

Cuadrado, M., Torres, J, & Lieberman, L. (2021). Impact of drug use on violence. Journal of Drug Addiction, 1(2), 3-10. https://doi.1234334.7465929

Cuadrado, Torres, and Lieberman (2021) examined the impact that use of cocaine and use of marijuana have on the likelihood of engaging in violence. A survey was conducted using 250 students at a local college in 2015. Findings indicate that individuals using cocaine were twice as likely to engage in violence than those using marijuana. This study provides some understanding of the different effects that a drug may have on the user.

RQRevisedandexplained.docx

RQ: What is the relationship between depression levels experienced by Baltimore Police officers and the incidences of domestic violence against a spouse?

This research question involves examining the relationship between depression levels experienced by Baltimore Police officers and the incidence of domestic violence against a spouse.

IV: Depression Levels experienced by Baltimore Police officers.

DV: Incidence of domestic violence against a spouse.

This research question, is not immediately clear whether there is a causal relationship between the IV and DV.

Causality implies that changes in the IV directly cause changes in the DV. To determine causality, I would need to conduct a controlled experiment or a longitudinal study that manipulates the levels of depression in Baltimore Police officers and observes the resulting changes in the incidence of domestic violence against their spouses. However, conducting such an experiment in this context could be ethically and practically challenging.

It's more likely that my research question explores an associative or correlational relationship, meaning I am trying to understand whether there is a statistical association or relationship between the two variables.

For example, I may be interested in whether police officers with higher depression levels are more likely to have spouses who experience domestic violence. This type of research can provide valuable insights into potential connections between the variables, but it does not establish causation.

This research question aims to investigate the relationship between depression levels in Baltimore Police officers and the incidence of domestic violence against their spouses. While the research can reveal associations or correlations, it may not establish causality without more specific study design and data analysis.

Infoforassignment.docx

Assignment 4: Design and Methods

Instructions in BLUE

Using the attached 2 files write an essay that describes the design and methods for your study by fully addressing the questions provided under each section. (DO NOT CUT and PASTE from the provided documents. Use your own words.) Keep the section subheadings given (procedures, sample, instruments, and data analysis). Also keep the sentences provided in black where they are provided.

1. Your first sentence should be: This is secondary data analysis using the Police Stress and Domestic Violence in Police Families in Baltimore, Maryland, 1997-1999 dataset.

2. Using information from the ICPSR 2976 Methodology document provided describe:

A . Procedure (How was data collected?)

**What data does ICPSR 2976 contain?

**Which method(s) were used to collect the data (survey, observation, unobtrusive research)?

**Which agency collected the data?

B. Sample (From whom/what was the data collected?)

**Among whom or what was the data collected (ex., Police officers, Agencies, US citizens)?

**How many cases in the sample were possible/eligible, i.e., response rate?

** What was the final number of cases in the database?

C. Instruments (How were the variables in your study measured?)

Using the ICPSR 2976 file (0_Data_CRJU396.sav) provided with this assignment, indicate how each of the questions for your variables in your hypothesis was worded and the possible answers the respondent was given to select from when answering (just provide the wording you see in the SSPS file). You can provide a list. For example, if one of my hypotheses was:

High rank officers are more likely to experience feeling blue.

I would seek the variables in that hypothesis as they appear in the ICPSR 2976 and provide the wording found, as I do below:

Rank: Current rank

Feeling blue (S93) with possible responses of Never, Sometimes, Frequently, Always, or Unknown.

D. Data Analysis: (Indicate the statistical techniques you will use.)

Everyone in this course will mostly use two types of analysis: One is Chi-square and another is Pearson correlation. If you plan to stick with me in Senior Seminar in spring 2024, then you may choose either. However, if you are not sure about your Professor you plan to work with, then you should choose Chi-squre because the other Professor prefers the Chi-square statistics. Below I am giving you the statement on the data analysis you will be doing. However, you must add a few sentences on why we will use these statistics. (Lookup the reason why these statistics are used and add immediately after the sentence given below). You can go to Google and type: Why use descriptive statistics? Why use Crosstabs? Why use Pearson Chi Square? Why use Pearson correlation? As you get a response from Google or other source enter it as part of this section as well. Do provide credit for the source.

The data will be analyzed using SPSS Statistics. Analysis will be done using descriptive statistics and Crosstabs with Pearson Chi Square.

AnnotatedBibassignmentInstructions.docx

For this assignment you will need the 5 scholarly research articles ( Included)

Please provide your hypotheses at the top of the page so I can easily see if the articles relate to your hypotheses.

Provide an annotated bibliography (summary and comments) on a minimum of 5 scholarly articles related to the research question and hypotheses for your project.

Task: For each scholarly article you found provide:

1. the article/annotation reference.

Citations must be in American Psychological Association (APA) format. A possible source of information on how to APA format your references is: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/reference_list_articles_in_periodicals.html

2. provide a paragraph summary or annotation of the article which contains the following information:

a. Purpose of the study (research question)

b. Summary of the study:

--Sample type and size (from whom was the data collected)

--Methods (how was data collected)

--Findings (t his is the most important piece of information to provide/discuss because it gives the reader of your proposal/paper some background information on what researchers have found on the topic you are studying).

c. In a sentence or two indicate how the article findings are important to your topic.

3. Repeat the steps above for each of the 5 articles and present each article one after the other.

Example of annotated summary (not a real study) with required information identified IN CAPS:

REFERENCE IN APA FORMAT (follow this example of APA formatting for each of your reference. Notice that the journal name and the volume, first number after journal name, are in italics)

Cuadrado, M., Torres, J, & Lieberman, L. (2021). Impact of drug use on violence. Journal of Drug Addiction, 1(2), 3-10. https://doi.1234334.7465929

EACH ARTICLE MUST BE IDENTIFIED BY AUTHORS LAST NAME AND YEAR. DO NOT SAY "THIS ARTICLE". Cuadrado, Torres, and Lieberman (2021) PURPOSE OF STUDY examined the impact that use of cocaine and use of marijuana have on the likelihood of engaging in violence. METHODS A survey was conducted using SAMPLE TYPE AND SIZE 250 students at a local college in 2015. FINDINGS Findings indicate that individuals using cocaine were twice as likely to engage in violence than those using marijuana. IMPORTANCE This study provides some understanding of the different effects that a drug may have on the user.

So, for the example above you would submit:

Cuadrado, M., Torres, J, & Lieberman, L. (2021). Impact of drug use on violence. Journal of Drug Addiction, 1(2), 3-10. https://doi.1234334.7465929

Cuadrado, Torres, and Lieberman (2021) examined the impact that use of cocaine and use of marijuana have on the likelihood of engaging in violence. A survey was conducted using 250 students at a local college in 2015. Findings indicate that individuals using cocaine were twice as likely to engage in violence than those using marijuana. This study provides some understanding of the different effects that a drug may have on the user.

RQRevisedandexplained.docx

Infoforassignment.docx

AnnotatedBibassignmentInstructions.docx

RQRevisedandexplained.docx

Infoforassignment.docx

AnnotatedBibassignmentInstructions.docx

RQRevisedandexplained.docx