Read the following case study and answer the reflective questions.

  

Instructions: Read the following case study and answer the reflective questions. 

Requirements:

- Formatted and cited in current APA 7 

- The discussion must address the topic

- Rationale must be provided

- Use at least 600 words (no included 1st page or references in the 600 words)

- Use 3 academic sources. Not older than 5 years

- Not Websites are allowed.

- Plagiarism is NOT allowed

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)

The patient, a 30-year-old homosexual man, complained of unexplained weight loss, chronic diarrhea, and respiratory congestion during the past 6 months. Physical examination revealed right-sided pneumonitis. The following studies were performed:

  

Studies

Results

 

Complete blood cell   count (CBC), p. 174

 

Hemoglobin (Hgb), p.   259

12 g/dL (normal:   14-18 g/dL)

 

Hematocrit (Hct), p.   256

36% (normal:   42%-52%)

 

Chest X-ray, p. 1014

Right-sided   consolidation affecting the posterior lower lung

 

Bronchoscopy, p. 587

No tumor seen

 

Lung biopsy, p. 738

Pneumocystis   jiroveci pneumonia   (PCP)

 

Stool culture, p.   855

Cryptosporidium   muris

 

Acquired   immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) serology, p. 297

 

p24 antigen

Positive

 

Enzyme-linked   immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

Positive

 

Western blot

Positive

 

Lymphocyte   immunophenotyping, p. 306

 

Total CD4

280 (normal:   600-1500 cells/mL)

 

CD4%

18% (normal:   60%-75%)

 

CD4/CD8 ratio

0.58 (normal:   >1.0)

 

Human immune   deficiency virus (HIV) viral load, p. 297

75,000 copies/mL

1. Diagnostic Analysis: establish a diagnostic analysis of this case supported by a clinical guideline : 

-summary of signficiant clinical data

- create a diagnostic rationale of the case including diagnosis and clinical data that support it  

Critical Thinking Questions

1.      What is the relationship between levels of CD4 lymphocytes and the likelihood of clinical complications from AIDS?

2.      Why does the United States Public Health Service recommend monitoring CD4 counts every 3 to 6 months in patients infected with HIV?