Racial stereotype

research proposal :

Impact of black stereotype on the American society

independent variable: 

Black racial stereotype

depende variable: 

American society

ages: 12-30

hypothesis: 

h0:black racial stereotypenhasbnegativebimpactbon the American society.

H1: black racial stereotypendoes not have negative impacts on the American society.

outline:   Students will write a research proposal on the approved topic, in APA format. It must include: title page, abstract,

introduction, proposed method, planned analysis, discussion, and reference.  (7 pages). the proposal must have a minimum of 3 references (peer-reviews empirical studies). run excel , and BMI, also, include a graph.

    

example of how to run a Statistic:

Reporting Results of Common Statistical Tests in APA Format

The goal of the results section in an empirical paper is to report the results of the data analysis used to test a hypothesis. The results section should be in condensed format and lacking interpretation. Avoid discussing why or how the experiment was performed or alluding to whether your results are good or bad, expected or unexpected, interesting or uninteresting. This document is specifically about how to report statistical results. Refer to our handout “Writing an APA Empirical (lab) Report” for details on writing a results section.

Every statistical test that you report should relate directly to a hypothesis. Begin the results section by restating each hypothesis, then state whether your results supported it, then give the data and statistics that allowed you to draw this conclusion.

If you have multiple numerical results to report, it’s often a good idea to present them in a figure (graph) or a table (see our handout on APA table guidelines).

In reporting the results of statistical tests, report the descriptive statistics, such as means and standard deviations, as well as the test statistic, degrees of freedom, obtained value of the test, and the probability of the result occurring by chance (p value). Test statistics and p values should be rounded to two decimal places. All statistical symbols that are not Greek letters should be italicized (M, SD, N, t, p, etc.).

When reporting a significant difference between two conditions, indicate the direction of this difference, i.e. which condition was more/less/higher/lower than the other condition(s). Assume that your audience has a professional knowledge of statistics. Don’t explain how or why you used a certain test unless it is unusual.

p values

There are two ways to report p values. One way is to use the alpha level (the a priori criterion for the probablility of falsely rejecting your null hypothesis), which is typically .05 or .01. Example: F(1, 24) = 44.4, p< .01. You may also report the exact p value (the a posteriori probability that the result that you obtained, or one more extreme, occurred by chance). Example: t(33) = 2.10, p = .03. If your exact p value is less than .001, it is conventional to state merely p < .001. If you report exact p values, state early in the results section the alpha level used as a significance criterion for your tests. Example: “We used an alpha level of .05 for all statistical tests.”

EXAMPLES

Reporting a significant correlation:

Hours spent studying and GPA were strongly positively correlated, r(123) = .61, p = .011. Hours spent playing video games and GPA were moderately negatively correlated, r(123) = .32, p = .041.

Reporting a significant single sample t-test (μ ≠ μ0):

Students taking statistics courses in psychology at the University of Washington reported studying more hours for tests (M = 121, SD = 14.2) than did UW college students in in general, t(33) = 2.10, p = .034.

Reporting a significant t-test for dependent groups (μ1 ≠ μ2):

Results indicate a significant preference for pecan pie (M = 3.45, SD = 1.11) over cherry pie (M = 3.00, SD = .80), t(15) = 4.00, p = .001.