PSY 3423 7.4 Response

Peer Responses

· Respond in a respectful manner to another student’s post. Agree or disagree with some of the student's statements and add some novel idea or expand on one of the student’s ideas.

· Each response post should include a minimum of 250 words of actual text (i.e., the 250 word minimum does not include your reference)

· At least 1 outside, empirical/peer-reviewed reference should be integrated in your response post (your textbook and the lecture do not count as an outside source). Failure to include an outside source will result in a grade of 0.

· Correct APA formatting of citations/references is required and part of your grade

Peer: Alejandra Sanabria Gil

Sleep is characterized by behavioral, physiological. and electrophysiological parameters, (Eban-Rothschild et al., 2017). When transitioning from being awake to being asleep it involves changes in motor control, cognition, brain activity, and consciousness, (Eban-Rothschild et al., 2017). Being in an awake state is characterized by "desynchronized EEG oscillations of low amplitude and mixed frequencies", as well as variety of muscle activity, (Eban-Rothschild et al., 2017). During REM sleep the EEG shows domination by "theta and gamma oscillations", with complete loss of muscle tone, (Eban-Rothschild et al., 2017). The complex interactions between subcortical neuromodulatory neurons in the brainstem, hypothalamus, midbrain, basal forebrain, the thalamus, and the cortex, (Eban-Rothschild et al., 2017). All drive behavioral, physiological, and electrocortical sleep/wake states, (Eban-Rothschild et al., 2017). Insomnia is the most common known sleep disorder. Characteristics of insomnia are troubles falling asleep, troubles staying asleep, and mental health issues, (Roth, 2019). People struggling with insomnia have a decrease in their quality of daily life, (Staples et al., 2023). Insomnia can cause for people to start struggling with depression and/or other mental illnesses, (Staples et al., 2023). Chronic insomnia has been associated with higher chances of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, (Staples et al., 2023). Insomnia is believed to be a disorder of hyperarousal thats occurring throughout the day and struggles in maintaining sleep at night, (Roth, 2019). The arousal can be explained by cognitive and physiological models of insomnia, (Roth, 2019). In a parallel cognitive model it explains how hyperarousal is primarily due to physiologic or neurophysiologic factors, (Roth, 2019). It has been measured from the whole body in terms of body metabolic rate, heart rate, neuroendocrine measures, and functional neuroimaging, (Roth, 2019). Thirty percent of the general population struggles with chronic insomnia, (Roth, 2019). Daytime functions in emotional, social, and physical domains are associated with the impairing of cognitive and physical functioning by insomnia, (Roth, 2019).

Eban-Rothschild, A., Appelbaum, L., & de Lecea, L. (2017). Neuronal mechanisms for sleep/wake regulation and Modulatory Drive. Neuropsychopharmacology, 43(5), 937–952. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2017.294

Roth, T. (2019, November 14). Insomnia: Definition, symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment. WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/insomnia-symptoms-and-causes

Staples, J. K., Gibson, C., & Uddo, M. (2021). Complementary and integrative health interventions for insomnia in veterans and military populations. Psychological Reports, 126(1), 52–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941211048473