Principles of democracy and the Constitution, all the way to civil liberties and equal protection
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files (14)PowerpointChapter6_TheMedia.pptx
PowerpointChapter5_IdeologyandPublicOpinion.pptx
PowerpointChapter7_Interest_Groups.pptx
Exam3StudyGuide_Spring2024.pdf
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- PowerpointChapter3_Federalism.pptx
- PowerpointChapter1_Democacy.pptx
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- ChapterFourteen_UnderstandingtheFederalCourtSystem.pptx
- PowerpointChapter9_PoliticalParties.pptx
- PowerpointChapter2_TheConstitution.pptx
- PowerpointChapter11_Congress.pptx
- Powerpoint_Chapter16_14thAmendmentEqualProtection.pptx
- PowerpointChapter15_CivilLiberties.pptx
PowerpointChapter6_TheMedia.pptx
THE NEWS MEDIA
Chapter 6
Roles of the Mass Media in Democracy
The central idea of democracy is that ordinary citizens should control what their government does.
The media can help citizens help themselves
Popular Sovereignty requires an knowledgeable and informed citizenry
Roles of the Media #1
Watchdog over government
Protected by the First Amendment
No prior restraint
High standards for proving libel/slander
Examples?
Roles of the Media #2
Clarify what electoral choices the public has
What political parties stand for
The qualities/positions of candidates
Problem deciding what is important versus what is interesting
Examples?
Roles of the Media #3
Present a full and enlightening set of ideas about public policy to the public
Pros and cons about policies that have already been in place
Alternative policy ideas
Examples?
Is the News Biased?
Professional bias
Journalists tend to be liberal but media tycoons (owners of the mass media) are conservative=> balance
“Biases” in Political News
Nationalism: Pro-America
Ethnocentric point of view in most news reports about foreign affairs
Dependence on U.S. government news sources
most foreign news coverage supports U.S. foreign policy.
“Biases” in Political News p.2
Pro-Capitalism
Free market
Free trade
Anti-welfare type programs
Ex. Socialized medicine
Episodic, Fragmented, Incoherent coverage of political information
“Biases” in Political News p.3
Negativity and Scandal
Infotainment
The massive invasion of entertainment values in political reporting
Sensation and scandal replace stories about domestic policies, foreign policies, international issues, etc.
Affect of the Media on Public Opinions and Policy
Agenda-setting effects — the topics that get the most coverage in the media are the same ones that most people say are the most important problems
The media’s framing or interpretation of stories affects how people think about political problems.
In other words, not changing opinions as much as telling people what to think about and how to think about it
Affects of the Media
Fueling Cynicism
Attack journalism: serious consideration of the issues or of the behavior of institutions has lost out to regular coverage of personal misbehavior.
Negativity bias=Cynicism
Crash Course_Freedom of the Press
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PowerpointChapter5_IdeologyandPublicOpinion.pptx
Chapter 5
PUBLIC OPINION
Democracy and Public Opinion
Public opinion: the political attitudes expressed by ordinary citizens
Evaluating democracy: how closely does government policy correspond to the expressed wishes of its citizens?
Measuring Public Opinion
Importance of random sampling
Traditional and emerging problems in political polling
Wording “closed-ended” or “forced-choice” questions
decreased willingness of Americans to participate in surveys
increased use of “caller ID” to screen pollster calls
difficulty of surveying people who rely on cell phones
Poll video from the Daily Show
Learning Political Beliefs and Attitudes: Political Socialization
family
schools
popular culture
college education
major events
news media
marriage
retirement
Characteristics of American Political Culture
Individualism
Equality of opportunity: inequalities of wealth are acceptable to most Americans as long as individuals can compete fairly with one another
Rugged individualism: people are responsible for their own destiny and everyone has a chance to achieve the American dream if they just work hard enough
Characteristics of American Political Culture p.2
Private Property
Emphasis on private property and a trust in the efficiencies of the free market
Not pure free market ideal but more trust in private sector than government
Characteristics of American Political Culture p.3
Distrust of Government
If government is too powerful, it will interfere with private property, individual rights, and the effectiveness of the free market
Paradox: we expect the government to solve every problem and yet we don’t trust it
Conservatives v. Liberals
Economic Conservatives: favor private enterprise/free market and oppose government regulations on spending
Economic Liberals: favor government regulation of business and government spending for social programs
Conservatives v. Liberals p.2
Social (lifestyle) liberals: People who oppose government regulations on individual choices and, in turn, favor civil liberties, abortion rights, and alternative lifestyles.
Social Conservatives: favor traditional social values: tend to support strong law-and-order measures and oppose abortion and gay rights.
PowerpointChapter7_Interest_Groups.pptx
Interest Groups
Chapter Seven
Interest Groups in a Democratic Society
Roles of interest groups
Interest groups are private organizations that try to shape public policy.
Interest groups try to influence the behavior of political decision makers
Interest Group Formation
Escalation in the number of interest groups
Interest groups formation tied to the existence of certain structural factors
When there are many interests
When the political culture supports the pursuit of private interests
Diversity of interests in the United States
Rules of the political game encourage the formation of interest groups.
The First Amendment guarantees citizens basic rights that are essential to the ability of citizens to form organizations.
Government is organized in such a way that decision makers are relatively accessible to interest groups.
Because of federalism, checks and balances, and the separation of powers, there is no dominant center of decision making.
Interest Group Formation and the Growth in Government
As government takes on more responsibilities, it has a greater impact on facets of economic, social, and personal life.
People, groups, and organizations are increasingly affected by the actions of government.
What Interests Are Represented
Interest groups may be classified by the type of interest they represent.
Public interests are interests that are connected in one way or another to the general welfare of the community.
Private interests are associated with benefits for some fraction of the community.
Private Interest Groups
Producer groups
Professional groups
Unions
Public Interest Groups
They try to get government to do things that will benefit the general public rather than the direct material interests of their own members.
What Interest Groups Do
Interest groups are composed of people with common goals or interests who try to convey the views of some sector of society and to influence government on their behalf.
The two basic types of interest group activity are the inside game and the outside game.
The Inside Game
The inside game involves direct contact of the interest group representative and government officials.
The politics of insiders, of the old-boy network, of one-on-one persuasion in which a skilled lobbyist tries to persuade a decision maker to accept the point of view of the interest group
Lobbying Congress
Lobbying the executive branch
Lobbying the courts (amicus curiae briefs)
The Outside Game
The outside game is an indirect form of influence that involves interest group efforts to mobilize public opinion, voters, and important contributors.
Mobilizing membership
Organizing the district
Shaping public opinion
Involvement in campaigns and elections
Success of an Interest Group Depends on:
Access
Information. If a group has demonstrated that they have that accurate and reliable information
Status of Group: ex. American Medical Association
Leaders: ex. Rainbow Coalition/Jesse Jackson
Number of Followers
Group unity
Success p.2
MONEY: not as important as the media would lead us to believe
Narrow goals: focus their resources in a more effective manner
Offensive vs. Defensive: Groups that seek to sustain the status quo tend to me more successful than groups seeking change or reform
Objectives of the Group
The Interest Group System and Democracy
Representational inequalities
Resource inequalities
Access inequality
Interest group liberalism
Iron triangles, or subgovernments
The special place of business corporations
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Exam3StudyGuide_Spring2024.pdf
PSCI 1201 Final Exam Study Guide Congress (Chp.11) Article I
--Enumerated powers Roles/Powers of the House/Senate
--Terms Prohibitions on Congress
Ex post facto laws Bills of attainder Suspending writ of habeas corpus
Committees: Purpose and Types -standing -joint -conference -select
markups, riders, pork, amendments filibuster and cloture vetoes leadership positions how a bill becomes a law bicameral reapportionment/redistricting gerrymandering Presidency (Chp.12) Article II electoral college formal powers cabinet informal presidential power power of the VP Judiciary (Chp. 14) Article III Original v. appellate jurisdiction judicial review (Marbury v. Madison) judicial restraint rule of four ripeness incorporation majority, concurring, dissenting opinions writ of certiorari amicus curiae briefs Chapter 15: Civil Liberties Bill of Rights Property Rights=19th Century Incorporation (selective v. total) Barron v. Baltimore Ordinary v. Intermediate v. Strict Scrutiny Free Speech Free Press Establishment Clause/Lemon Test
Chapter 16: Civil Rights Ordinary v. intermediate v. strict scrutiny Dred Scot v. Sanford Harris v. Forklift Chapter 17: Economic Policy Redistributive Policy Regulatory Policy Fiscal Policy Monetary Policy Federal Reserve Board Council of Economic Advisors FINAL EXAM ESSAY QUESTION Minimum of 1000 words. Worth 50 points.
First, write about some of the most important things you have learned in this course, from the principles of democracy and the Constitution, all the way to civil liberties and equal protection. (800 words minimum)
Secondly, are you hopeful for the future of the United States? Or are you discouraged? Explain your thoughts. (200 words minimum)
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