Peer responses 11/5/2023 | Government homework help

HSE420WK3Responses.docx

HSE 420 WK 3 Responses

After you have created your new discussion topic, you are required to read and respond to a minimum of 2 of your classmates discussion topics. Think of your responses in terms of a contribution to a dialogue, not a writing exercise or a chat room. Elaborate a single idea and keep your post short but concise as if you were holding a conversation with your classmate(s). Incorporate what you have learned from the weekly reading material and from your own real-world experiences. Don’t forget to use proper APA citations and references whenever necessary.

Kanysia: MERS-CoV is the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus that was first identified in Saudi Arabia during 2012 by the World Health Organization. "Subsequent infections were reported in Middle Eastern countries (Jordan, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates), with a few cases also identified in Europe, North Africa, and the United States" (Ryan, 2016). MERS is spread through person to person contact and leads to severe respiratory illness in those at risk of the pathogen. This is how the outbreak got from the Middle East to Southeast Asia, as a traveler who was infected with MERS brought the virus to the Southeast. There are a few ways in which MERS can be distinguished from influenza. The most noticeable would likely be the agent that causes them as well as the symptoms. MERS tends to have mostly respitory symptoms, while influenza has a variety of symptoms.

Reference: Ryan, J. R. (2016). Biosecurity and bioterrorism containing and preventing biological threats. Butterworth-Heinemann is an imprint of Elsevier.

Patrick: The outbreak of SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome, happened in November 2002. The current COVID-19 outbreak began 17 years later, in December 2019. While the two viruses have similar gene sequences and behavior patterns, the SARS outbreak never reached the level of global pandemic like the COVID outbreak did. Interestingly enough, both outbreaks, SARS and COVID were first reported in China. Some important lessons that we learned from the SARS outbreak that can be applied to the COVID outbreak include early detection, early diagnosis, early quarantine, and early treatment. It is extremely important in the case of any biological outbreak that possible cases be detected, diagnosed, and treated as soon as possible to help slow or stop the spread of the agent. The SARS outbreak was not nearly as widespread as the COVID-19 outbreak but those same lessons would have helped slow or stop the spread. Some other lessons learned from both outbreaks are to limit travel, importance of rapid testing and isolation, and reducing viral transmission. 'The memory of the SARS and COVID outbreaks may fade but lessons learned from the events should not be forgotten' (Liu, 2020). There are many parts of the SARS and COVID outbreaks that our society was not prepared to deal with but hopefully now, we are a little more prepared for any biological outbreaks in the future.

Reference

Liu, Q., Xu, K., Wang, X., & Wang, W. (2020). From SARS to COVID-19: What lessons have we learned?. Journal of infection and public health, 13(11), 1611–1618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.08.001

RUBRIC BELOW

1. Discussion Forum

Discussion forum participation will be graded using the following criteria:

	2 points	3 points	4 points	5 points
Engagement / Interaction	N/A - no points are available for this criterion	engaged in a meaningful and relevant dialog with at least one peers	N/A - no points are available for this criterion	engaged in a meaningful and relevant dialog with two or more peers
Participation	N/A - no points are available for this criterion	participated on one days=	N/A - no points are available for this criterion	participated on two or more days
Content / Topic Relevance	discussion forum contributions rarely addressed the main topic	discussion forum contributions sometimes addressed the main topic	discussion forum contributions very often addressed the main topic	discussion forum contributions always addressed the main topic
Timeliness	N/A - no points are available for this criterion	responded to main topic one day after the first post due date	N/A - no points are available for this criterion	responded to main topic the day of the first post due date
Content / Topic Knowledge	displays a fair understanding of the material	displays a good understanding of the material	displays a very good understanding of the material	displays an excellent understanding of the material

HSE430WK3Responses.docx

HSE 430 WK 3 Responses

Task 2: After you have created your new discussion topic, you are required to read and respond to a minimum of 2 of your classmates discussion topics. Think of your responses in terms of a contribution to a dialogue, not a writing exercise or a chat room. Elaborate a single idea and keep your post short but concise as if you were holding a conversation with your classmate(s). Incorporate what you have learned from the weekly reading material and from your own real-world experiences. Don’t forget to use proper APA citations and references whenever necessary.

Book: M. M. Lowenthal (2022). Intelligence: from Secrets to Policy 9th edition. CQ Press.

Serenity: Our book identifies several factors which have an impact on the intelligence community. One of those factors includes the relationships of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI). The most important relationship that the DNI has is their relationship with the president which is essential to the prosperity of the intelligence community. If the DNI does not have access and is excluded from meetings where intelligence is an important factor, there are ramifications which for the DNI is personal and professional. This lack of a relationship with the president has been responsible for the resigning of many Directors of Central Intelligence including DCI John McCone in relation to President Johnson and DCI R. James Woolsey in relation to President Bill Clinton. Another one of the factors that influences the intelligence community is their budget. The budget of the intelligence community can be quite intricate. But after attempts to simplify it, there are now two main components to the intelligence budget: the National Intelligence Program (NIP) and the Military Intelligence Program (MIP). The Military Intelligence Program includes the Joint Military Intelligence Program, Tactical Intelligence and Related Activities. The DNI is responsible for the NIP which consists of issues which are beyond the realm of agencies and are not defensive in nature. The secretary of defense is in charge of the MIP. In most scenarios, the budget for the NIP was twice as big as the budget for the MIP, but lately the NIP has been creeping toward three times as much as the MIP. In 2021, the budget for the NIP was $62.8 billion and the budget for the MIP was $23.1 billion. Policies of course also influence the intelligence community. The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 made substantial changes to the structure of the intelligence community. After the act was put in place the DNI usurped the DCI as the head of intelligence personnel and principal intelligence advisor to the president. In the past the DCI was only responsible for national foreign intelligence but now the DNI is not connected to any one agency and oversees them all. To begin to understand the complexities of the intelligence process we must consider these seven phases:

1. Identifying requirements

2. Collection

3. Processing and Exploitation

4. Analysis and Production

5. Dissemination

6. Consumption

7. Feedback

In the next coming weeks, I am excited to continue diving deeper into the intelligence process and which of these seven phases might be the most important. From just skimming our textbook, my prediction is that analysis and production will be integral to the whole intelligence processes.

Reference:

Lowenthal, M. M. (2022). Intelligence: From Secrets to Policy. CQ Press.

Juan: Following the September 11 terrorist attacks to the World Trade Center many changes took place within the intelligence community. The Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 established the position of s director of national intelligence (DNI). The DNI oversaw overseeing and directing the intelligence community as well as advising the president on national intelligence matters. However, the longevity of the person serving in this capacity seemed to be a struggle. This was due to part on how demanding the position was but also the bureaucratic struggles that existed. In my opinion the congressional relationship that exists within the intelligence community is very important as the president can appoint the DNI. This can tailor intelligence gathering to support the administrations policies.

The process that intelligence undergoes are collection, processing and exploitation, analysis and production and dissemination and consumption. Before the collection process begins issues must be identified and the requirements on how to get this information needs to also be identified. Technical teams in various agencies then begin the collection process which can be in many forms to include espionage and signals intelligence. The following step is to put the information collected into a simple form. This includes but is not limited to analyzing images, decoding, and translating signals. This information is furthermore analyzed by experts in the field and the information is put into reports that will support or contradict recommenced policies. Lastly the information is presented to the current administration and a decision will on what direction they need to go with certain polices will be made.

Lowenthal, Mark M. Intelligence. Available from: VitalSource Bookshelf, (9th Edition). SAGE Publications, Inc. (US), 2022.

RUBRIC BELOW

1. Discussion Forum

Discussion forum participation will be graded using the following criteria:

	2 points	3 points	4 points	5 points
Engagement / Interaction	N/A - no points are available for this criterion	engaged in a meaningful and relevant dialog with at least one peers	N/A - no points are available for this criterion	engaged in a meaningful and relevant dialog with two or more peers
Participation	N/A - no points are available for this criterion	participated on one days	N/A - no points are available for this criterion	participated on two or more days
Content / Topic Relevance	discussion forum contributions rarely addressed the main topic	discussion forum contributions sometimes addressed the main topic	discussion forum contributions very often addressed the main topic	discussion forum contributions always addressed the main topic
Timeliness	N/A - no points are available for this criterion	responded to main topic one day after the first post due date	N/A - no points are available for this criterion	responded to main topic the day of the first post due date
Content / Topic Knowledge	displays a fair understanding of the material	displays a good understanding of the material	displays a very good understanding of the material	displays an excellent understanding of the material

HSE420WK3Responses.docx

HSE 420 WK 3 Responses

After you have created your new discussion topic, you are required to read and respond to a minimum of 2 of your classmates discussion topics. Think of your responses in terms of a contribution to a dialogue, not a writing exercise or a chat room. Elaborate a single idea and keep your post short but concise as if you were holding a conversation with your classmate(s). Incorporate what you have learned from the weekly reading material and from your own real-world experiences. Don’t forget to use proper APA citations and references whenever necessary.

Kanysia: MERS-CoV is the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus that was first identified in Saudi Arabia during 2012 by the World Health Organization. "Subsequent infections were reported in Middle Eastern countries (Jordan, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates), with a few cases also identified in Europe, North Africa, and the United States" (Ryan, 2016). MERS is spread through person to person contact and leads to severe respiratory illness in those at risk of the pathogen. This is how the outbreak got from the Middle East to Southeast Asia, as a traveler who was infected with MERS brought the virus to the Southeast. There are a few ways in which MERS can be distinguished from influenza. The most noticeable would likely be the agent that causes them as well as the symptoms. MERS tends to have mostly respitory symptoms, while influenza has a variety of symptoms.

Reference: Ryan, J. R. (2016). Biosecurity and bioterrorism containing and preventing biological threats. Butterworth-Heinemann is an imprint of Elsevier.

Patrick: The outbreak of SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome, happened in November 2002. The current COVID-19 outbreak began 17 years later, in December 2019. While the two viruses have similar gene sequences and behavior patterns, the SARS outbreak never reached the level of global pandemic like the COVID outbreak did. Interestingly enough, both outbreaks, SARS and COVID were first reported in China. Some important lessons that we learned from the SARS outbreak that can be applied to the COVID outbreak include early detection, early diagnosis, early quarantine, and early treatment. It is extremely important in the case of any biological outbreak that possible cases be detected, diagnosed, and treated as soon as possible to help slow or stop the spread of the agent. The SARS outbreak was not nearly as widespread as the COVID-19 outbreak but those same lessons would have helped slow or stop the spread. Some other lessons learned from both outbreaks are to limit travel, importance of rapid testing and isolation, and reducing viral transmission. 'The memory of the SARS and COVID outbreaks may fade but lessons learned from the events should not be forgotten' (Liu, 2020). There are many parts of the SARS and COVID outbreaks that our society was not prepared to deal with but hopefully now, we are a little more prepared for any biological outbreaks in the future.

Reference

Liu, Q., Xu, K., Wang, X., & Wang, W. (2020). From SARS to COVID-19: What lessons have we learned?. Journal of infection and public health, 13(11), 1611–1618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.08.001

RUBRIC BELOW

1. Discussion Forum

Discussion forum participation will be graded using the following criteria:

	2 points	3 points	4 points	5 points
Engagement / Interaction	N/A - no points are available for this criterion	engaged in a meaningful and relevant dialog with at least one peers	N/A - no points are available for this criterion	engaged in a meaningful and relevant dialog with two or more peers
Participation	N/A - no points are available for this criterion	participated on one days=	N/A - no points are available for this criterion	participated on two or more days
Content / Topic Relevance	discussion forum contributions rarely addressed the main topic	discussion forum contributions sometimes addressed the main topic	discussion forum contributions very often addressed the main topic	discussion forum contributions always addressed the main topic
Timeliness	N/A - no points are available for this criterion	responded to main topic one day after the first post due date	N/A - no points are available for this criterion	responded to main topic the day of the first post due date
Content / Topic Knowledge	displays a fair understanding of the material	displays a good understanding of the material	displays a very good understanding of the material	displays an excellent understanding of the material

HSE430WK3Responses.docx

HSE 430 WK 3 Responses

Task 2: After you have created your new discussion topic, you are required to read and respond to a minimum of 2 of your classmates discussion topics. Think of your responses in terms of a contribution to a dialogue, not a writing exercise or a chat room. Elaborate a single idea and keep your post short but concise as if you were holding a conversation with your classmate(s). Incorporate what you have learned from the weekly reading material and from your own real-world experiences. Don’t forget to use proper APA citations and references whenever necessary.

Book: M. M. Lowenthal (2022). Intelligence: from Secrets to Policy 9th edition. CQ Press.

Serenity: Our book identifies several factors which have an impact on the intelligence community. One of those factors includes the relationships of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI). The most important relationship that the DNI has is their relationship with the president which is essential to the prosperity of the intelligence community. If the DNI does not have access and is excluded from meetings where intelligence is an important factor, there are ramifications which for the DNI is personal and professional. This lack of a relationship with the president has been responsible for the resigning of many Directors of Central Intelligence including DCI John McCone in relation to President Johnson and DCI R. James Woolsey in relation to President Bill Clinton. Another one of the factors that influences the intelligence community is their budget. The budget of the intelligence community can be quite intricate. But after attempts to simplify it, there are now two main components to the intelligence budget: the National Intelligence Program (NIP) and the Military Intelligence Program (MIP). The Military Intelligence Program includes the Joint Military Intelligence Program, Tactical Intelligence and Related Activities. The DNI is responsible for the NIP which consists of issues which are beyond the realm of agencies and are not defensive in nature. The secretary of defense is in charge of the MIP. In most scenarios, the budget for the NIP was twice as big as the budget for the MIP, but lately the NIP has been creeping toward three times as much as the MIP. In 2021, the budget for the NIP was $62.8 billion and the budget for the MIP was $23.1 billion. Policies of course also influence the intelligence community. The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 made substantial changes to the structure of the intelligence community. After the act was put in place the DNI usurped the DCI as the head of intelligence personnel and principal intelligence advisor to the president. In the past the DCI was only responsible for national foreign intelligence but now the DNI is not connected to any one agency and oversees them all. To begin to understand the complexities of the intelligence process we must consider these seven phases:

1. Identifying requirements

2. Collection

3. Processing and Exploitation

4. Analysis and Production

5. Dissemination

6. Consumption

7. Feedback

In the next coming weeks, I am excited to continue diving deeper into the intelligence process and which of these seven phases might be the most important. From just skimming our textbook, my prediction is that analysis and production will be integral to the whole intelligence processes.

Reference:

Lowenthal, M. M. (2022). Intelligence: From Secrets to Policy. CQ Press.

Juan: Following the September 11 terrorist attacks to the World Trade Center many changes took place within the intelligence community. The Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 established the position of s director of national intelligence (DNI). The DNI oversaw overseeing and directing the intelligence community as well as advising the president on national intelligence matters. However, the longevity of the person serving in this capacity seemed to be a struggle. This was due to part on how demanding the position was but also the bureaucratic struggles that existed. In my opinion the congressional relationship that exists within the intelligence community is very important as the president can appoint the DNI. This can tailor intelligence gathering to support the administrations policies.

The process that intelligence undergoes are collection, processing and exploitation, analysis and production and dissemination and consumption. Before the collection process begins issues must be identified and the requirements on how to get this information needs to also be identified. Technical teams in various agencies then begin the collection process which can be in many forms to include espionage and signals intelligence. The following step is to put the information collected into a simple form. This includes but is not limited to analyzing images, decoding, and translating signals. This information is furthermore analyzed by experts in the field and the information is put into reports that will support or contradict recommenced policies. Lastly the information is presented to the current administration and a decision will on what direction they need to go with certain polices will be made.

Lowenthal, Mark M. Intelligence. Available from: VitalSource Bookshelf, (9th Edition). SAGE Publications, Inc. (US), 2022.

RUBRIC BELOW

1. Discussion Forum

Discussion forum participation will be graded using the following criteria:

	2 points	3 points	4 points	5 points
Engagement / Interaction	N/A - no points are available for this criterion	engaged in a meaningful and relevant dialog with at least one peers	N/A - no points are available for this criterion	engaged in a meaningful and relevant dialog with two or more peers
Participation	N/A - no points are available for this criterion	participated on one days	N/A - no points are available for this criterion	participated on two or more days
Content / Topic Relevance	discussion forum contributions rarely addressed the main topic	discussion forum contributions sometimes addressed the main topic	discussion forum contributions very often addressed the main topic	discussion forum contributions always addressed the main topic
Timeliness	N/A - no points are available for this criterion	responded to main topic one day after the first post due date	N/A - no points are available for this criterion	responded to main topic the day of the first post due date
Content / Topic Knowledge	displays a fair understanding of the material	displays a good understanding of the material	displays a very good understanding of the material	displays an excellent understanding of the material