pap 2
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files (3)CRM220_Scholarly_Paper_2_Instructions.pdf
CRM220_Scholarly_Paper_Rubric2.pdf
ExampleScholarlyPaperAPA7theditionFormat3.9.23.docx
CRM220_Scholarly_Paper_2_Instructions.pdf
Scholarly Paper 2 Instructions
CRM 220 Module 5
The United States has a dual-court system, which means there are courts at both the state and federal levels. The majority of crimes are tried at the state and local levels. Each level has trial courts and appellate courts – the state appellate courts oversee the state constitution and laws, and the federal appellate courts oversee the U.S. Constitution and federal laws; the U.S. Supreme Court has jurisdiction over all state and federal decisions.
Read the assigned sections in your textbook. Describe the path that a case would have to take from the state trial court level to the U.S. Supreme Court. Discuss specialized courts, such as drug courts, and whether or not you think they are a good idea and why. Make sure to gather evidence (law, policy, procedure, and data) and evaluate for relevance.
Are specialized drug courts used in your jurisdiction? What is their effectiveness? What are some direct/indirect consequences: Specialized courts have shown moderate success rates, but they are also expensive to run. Discuss which should be the most important consideration, cost or effectiveness, and how these two conflicting attributes can best be balanced.
Your paper must be at least 700-800 words in length, excluding the title and reference pages, and must adhere to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association 7th edition writing format. If your paper does not comply with this format, you will lose points. You may want to visit Purdue OWL or the Saint Leo University Library APA Guide for assistance with formatting your paper in APA style. The Saint Leo University Library recommends Zotero, which is free, to assist in correct APA formatting.
You must cite at least two scholarly references for your paper. Please be aware that websites such as Wikipedia are not scholarly sources. You are encouraged to access the University’s online library resources to find scholarly journal articles, etc. The ProQuest and EBSCO databases may be helpful but remember to limit your search to scholarly journal articles. Please remember to review the information about locating and citing proper sources in your syllabus
You must submit this assignment to the Scholarly Paper 1 Dropbox no later than Sunday 11:59 PM EST/EDT of Module 2. (This Dropbox is linked to Turnitin.)
Your paper will be worth 100 points and will be graded according to the rubric posted in the course.
CRM220_Scholarly_Paper_Rubric2.pdf
Scholarly Paper Rubric (100 Points Possible): Students will complete this assignment with attention to the criteria in the table below.
Exceptional corresponds to an A (95-100%): Performance is outstanding; significantly above the usual expectations. Proficient corresponds to a grade of B to A- (83-94%): Skills and standards are at the level of expectation. Basic corresponds to a C to B- (75-82%): Skills and standards are acceptable, but improvements are needed to meet expectations well. Novice corresponds to a D to C- (60%-74%): Performance is weak; the skills or standards are not sufficiently demonstrated at this time. Missing/NA corresponds to an F (0-59%): This criterion is missing or is not in evidence.
The instructor will compute an analytic score by assigning points for each criterion, following the percentages indicated above.
Criteria
Ratings (Levels)
Exceptional Proficient Basic Novice Missing/NA
Content 50 points possible
Issues are clearly identified and masterfully addressed. (48-50 points)
Issues are identified and logically addressed. (42-47 points)
Issues are adequately identified and addressed, but some improvements are needed. (38-41 points)
Issues are weakly identified and addressed; significant improvements are needed. (30-37 points)
There is little to no evidence that issues are identified and addressed. (0-29 points)
Writing and Grammar 25 points possible
Grammar and writing are significantly above expectations. (24-25 points)
Grammar and writing are of an appropriate college level. (21-23 points)
Grammar and writing are adequate, but some improvement is needed. (19-20 points)
Grammar and writing are weak; significant improvement is needed. (15-18 points)
There is little to no evidence of college- level grammar and writing. (0-14 points)
Format 25 points possible
Resources are complete and appropriately cited, and references use APA style with no errors. (24-25 points)
Resources are complete and appropriately cited, and references use APA style, but 1 or 2 minor errors are noted. (21-23 points)
Citations and references are acceptable, but some APA-format improvement is needed. (19-20 points)
Citations and references are weak; significant APA- format improvement is needed. (15-18 points)
There is little to no evidence of cited resources in APA format. (0-14 points)
ExampleScholarlyPaperAPA7theditionFormat3.9.23.docx
The Shortened Title of Your Paper In All Caps (Do Not Use “running header”)
PRINCIPLES OF THE UNITED STATES AND ENGLAND
The Full Title of Your Paper
Your Name
Saint Leo University,
Dr. Sabrita Thurman-Newby
Write the date you submit, 2023
Principles of United States and England
Looking into the area of government where policing was established American policing was made upon three major aspects such as Limited authority, Local control, and Fragmented organization. These same aspects applied in American policing besides The United States being limited to authority this was the only major difference. In England crime was classified based on the seriousness of the offense. In England’s government arrest may occur without a warrant as if you were a person that is reasonably suspected of committing a arrestable offense the Magistrate may issue a warrant for your arrest. The United states government consists of seven major Principles this includes Legality, Actus reus, Causation, Harm, Concurrence, Mens rea, and Punishment. Research shows as follows Legality enforces the value that when the legislative branch defines a new crime people cannot be prosecuted for this crime before the law was passed. This in detail was created based upon the United States Constitution (Amar, 1997).
The Legal system in England however was adversarial in all of England’s courts, including but not limited to the juvenile courts, Prosecution had to disclose information to the defense, but in term the reciprocation did not exist for the defensive side. The United States and England share and contrast several different issues within their legal system such as Policing and Self Defense both are major issues that have evolved over time. Looking in the key factors that pushed for change within police development in both countries and the level of force deemed necessary to be classified as self-defense varies within in country. Such as England the United States had used its own way of handling certain matters. In contrast the United States also shared certain points of value with England, so it would be safe to say that both countries legal systems can compare as well as contrast with certain laws set in place by a select group of government effectively (Champagne, 2016).
Policing in the United States went through a few stages as stated in the introduction the first police forced was formed in London. The United States started policing with English roots the difference between the two countries at the time was limited authority within American policing. England established the frankpledge system which was in term was groups of ten families were responsible in keeping order against crime that took place, if these individuals did not perform their duties they were subjected to being fined. England soon moved away from this practice and moved toward the hiring individuals to catch criminals to bring to justice, this consisted of members of the community that were supervised by a constable. The constable was someone who was chosen by parish to serve without pay as law enforcement, along with watchmen that were hired to assist the constable they spent their time at night patrolling the community and making sure that there was a sense of peace (Grimm,1960).
In the early 1800’s a lot of people saw a need for social order in England as the cities were growing in population however there were still central concerns that the police force would threaten the freedom of citizens. In 1829 the Metropolitan Police Act was established this created the London Police force; the force was under control by democratically elected officials. Now the United States stirred away from England’s practices and started to development in their own way, keeping in perspective that the United States had to deal with ethnic diversity, local political control and reginal differences. The first development would have been the watch system which was a bit like England’s practice however took place in Boston in contrast were paid watchman were set in place and this practice evolved from night watch to include a day watch group as well (Cole et al., 2019).
In the South slave patrols developed and were organized to catch runaway slaves and physically punish slaves that did not obey their orders. The United States reformed policing several times over different eras leading with the political era 1840-1920 like England the United States police were controlled by political officials for their own benefit. These rising issues on the police being controlled by political officials raised concerns in the United States as well as England’s communities and both decided upon reforming policing. Looking into one of the shared concerns of self-defense plays a vital part in England’s and the United States government, self-defense in detail states that a person who has reasonable fear that they are in immediate danger of being harmed by another person may attack in self-defense (Amar, 1997).
The United States has an optimistic belief that the imminence requirement concerns that self-defense is safeguarding against unnecessary harm. Looking into the research for England they recognized self-defense but only in certain situations, In the United Kingdom the acts of dignity and honor as well as freedom were a bit unclear. Self-defense was recognized with the description of defense against life. This was set in place in England by the principles of Christianity. In England self-defense was measured on a case by case basis, In England they classified the killing of an individual in self-defense as a negligible murder (Grimm, 1960).
Conclusion
Looking over the differences and the similarities of The United States government in contrast to England’s government they both a different structure of how laws are put in place. Both countries reformed policing in their own way but also used similarities to conduct crime at one point in time in history. In contrast with policing methods in England they also view self-defense in a different form and matter as in England self-defense is viewed by Principles of Christianity and in United states self-defense is viewed under the seven Principles. Developing different views of each concept of serves in different countries serves under their core values weather it a written constitution established by many or Principles of religion which is shared by many. These views were put in place to established crime and punishment order, compared to the United States crime and punishment studies show they are different but also shares similarities.
References
Amar, A. R. (1997). The Constitution and Criminal Procedure : First Principles. Yale University Press.
Champagne, F. (2016). Nonconfrontational Self-Defense and the Imminent Threat Requirement. Criminal Litigation, 16(3), 5–9.
Grimm, V. E. (1960). Principles, Accessories and the Continuing Crime. Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology & Police Science, 51(1), 66–72. https://doi-org.saintleo.idm.oclc.org/10.2307/1140805
Pouneh Dastour Jahandari, & Seyed Mahdi Ahmadi Mousavi. (2017). A Comparative Study about Aggression in Self-defense between Iranian and British Criminal Law. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 11(2), 144–148. https://doi-org.saintleo.idm.oclc.org/10.5958/0973-9130.2017.00084.6
*Your Textbook can be a reference plus one more scholarly reference for a total of 6 for the scholarly paper
