Outline

bibliography.docx

Friedel

Friedel Mischler

Professor Bates

ENGL-1213

27 Sept 2024

Annotated Bibliography

Aiolfi, Simone, Silvia Bellini, and Davide Pellegrini. “Data-Driven Digital Advertising: Benefits and Risks of Online Behavioral Advertising.” International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 49.7 (2021): 1089-1110.

Aiolfi and Davide conducted research quantitatively, applying structural equation modeling equipped with partial least squares regression to explore the persuasive impacts of online behavioral advertising on consumer decisions to purchase. The focus of the research was to uncover the benefits and risks inherent in OBA, especially the way privacy issues influence consumer decisions regarding personalized marketing. The questionnaire provided a structure for data collection, resulting in a group of participants who are relevant to online retailing. Research indicated that consumers' willingness to accept OBA is positively associated with the relevance, usefulness, and credibility of the ads, and that privacy concerns greatly influence their intent to avoid these kinds of advertising. This study reveals that understanding the ways in which targeted advertising can create efficient marketing strategies is advantageous, because it plays a key role in creating better conversion rates and financial results.

Alalwan, Ali Abdallah. “Investigating the Impact of Social Media Advertising Features on Customer Purchase Intention.” International Journal of Information Management 42 (2018): 65-77.

Ali Abdallah’s quantitative research aimed to determine and examine the foremost influencing factors regarding customer intentions to buy in relation to social media advertising. This research employed a structural equation modeling (SEM) methodology, using information gathered through a self-administered questionnaire that was administered to a convenient sample of 437 customers in Jordan who actively participate in social media. Between July and October 2017, the survey targeted different workplaces in four main cities in Jordan. Results suggested that important associations exist between purchase intention and elements including performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, interactivity, informativeness, and perceived relevance. This paper delivers important understanding and practical advice for marketers in how to design social media ads that boost customer interaction and stimulate sales. His findings reveal the symbiotic nature of social media ads, allowing users to get more involved with deeper engagement through liking, sharing, and commenting on individualized advertisements.

Appel, Gil, et al. “The Future of Social Media in Marketing.” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 48.1 (2020): 79-95.

In their exploration of social media's future in marketing, Appel, Gil, and their colleagues identified major themes that will define consumer, industry, and public policy exchanges. This qualitative study relied on academic research, exchanges with industry leaders, and popular discussion to formulate a predictive framework concerning the immediate, near, and distant futures of social media marketing. The authors introduced nine themes, covering everything from the emergence of influencers to the issues of consumer trust and privacy, in response to the changing digital landscape. This research underscores the essential need for future investigations in response to the constantly changing features of social media, focusing on consumer behaviors and marketing approaches. The conclusions reflect a growing skepticism amongst consumers of brands and platforms, with nearly 40% of digitally connected persons reporting account deletions because of privacy fears, which highlights the difficulties marketers deal with in this changing setting.

Bergram, Kristoffer, et al. “Digital Nudges for Privacy Awareness: from Consent to Informed Consent?.” Twenty-Eigth European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS2020) (2020): 1-16.

This study investigates the ability of digital nudges to improve privacy awareness and the quality of informed consent among users engaged with online services. With a quantitative experimental framework, the research accumulated data from 183 participants in an anonymous online experiment. The authors used a design science research approach to create novel architectures for choice that target the enhancement of user involvement with terms of service (ToS) and privacy policies (PP). Findings showed that modifying the language of agreements and incorporating highlighted alternatives to classic quick join choices remarkably increased the chance that users would both read and remember information pertaining to privacy. This study highlights the impediments to reaching informed consent, while enhancing the significant ethical responsibilities concerning how user data is overseen and the role of online service providers in their data practices regarding transparency and user understanding.

Dwivedi, Yogesh K., et al. “Setting the Future of Digital and Social Media Marketing Research: Perspectives and Research Propositions.” International Journal of Information Management 59 (2021): 102168, 1-37.

The research goal is to analyze the changing world of digital and social media marketing, showcase opportunities and challenges organizations face. The qualitative study features the insights of field experts who blend and present a thorough review of pressing subjects, such as ethical aspects, artificial intelligence, and mobile marketing. Expert conversations and reviews of literature produced data that generated a narrative highlighting contemporary trends and research voids in digital marketing. The results stress the necessity of incorporating social media into business methods, all the while recognizing the growing issues related to privacy arising from targeted marketing and invasive brand visibility. The purpose of this work is to provide a framework for future studies, advancing insights by suggesting questions to further deepen understanding in digital marketing. The developing trend of targeted personal advertising has led consumers to voice more privacy concerns.

Isaak, Jim, and Mina J. Hanna. “User Data Privacy: Facebook, Cambridge Analytica, and Privacy Protection.” Computer 51.8 (2018): 56-59.

This report critiques the primary impacts of Facebook's unconsidered distribution of personally identifiable information (PII) to Cambridge Analytica, uncovering the essential demand for robust privacy protection statutes. The authors take a qualitative approach in their analysis of current literature and case studies, including a major research initiative that involved 350,000 participants in studying personality traits from social media usage. This research points out the way in which this data was exploited to form psychographic profiles, allowing for micro-targeting strategies in political endeavors. The article underscores the important problems in data privacy ethics and highlights the crucial importance of technologists and policymakers working together to develop viable privacy rules. The revelation that Facebook allowed unregulated and unapproved access to personally identifiable information (PII) belonging to over 87 million blindsided Facebook users for the data firm Cambridge Analytica has generated increasing enthusiasm in the debate about the social implications of technology and hazards to the privacy and welfare of citizens.

Jacobson, Jenna, Anatoliy Gruzd, and Ángel Hernández-García. “Social Media Marketing: Who is Watching the Watchers?.” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 53 (2020): 101774.

This research analyzes how consumers perceive the application of social media data for marketing, stressing the vital importance of having professional norms in this field. The study employs a quantitative survey technique and investigates data obtained from a census-balanced sample of 751 online adults. The results show that consumers' estimation of risks and benefits heavily impacts their acceptance of marketers accessing publicly available social media data. Additionally, the research presents "marketing comfort" as a novel concept, with targeted advertising recognized as the essential factor in this comfort. This research suggests methods for marketers to augment trust and reduce privacy worries by appreciating the factors that create consumer attitudes. The emergence of social media together with progress in digital technology has sparked a demand for collecting, saving, and using individual data. Marketing is one reason social media companies gain from the information circulating through social media. As a result, social media companies see personal data as vital for their success, thus there is a requirement to analyze the collection and use of personal data along with its impact on ethics and personal privacy. The method of targeted advertising decisions by social media companies is influenced by gathering personal information, which is the basis of their marketing efforts.

Zuboff, Shoshana. “The Age of Surveillance Capitalism.” Social Theory Re-Wired. Routledge (2023): 203-213.

This chapter investigates the emergence of surveillance capitalism, anchored in the groundbreaking advertising approach of Google, which changed the emphasis from improving services to profiting from the behavioral surplus data generated by users. The research adopts a qualitative method, using theoretical analysis and case studies to express the ramifications of this transition. The analysis shows that the 'prediction imperative' drives the accumulation of extensive behavioral data that spans both online and physical environments, to refine prediction products. In this chapter, particular attention is drawn to the dangers and ethical issues presented by surveillance capitalism, while also clarifying its extensive effects on personal privacy and self-determination. Social media exists and works because the company is able to collect and utilize personal information. The procurement of personal information affects several million people who use social media, where firms leverage their information without their agreement. Every user of these platforms is at risk of privacy infringements and specifically targeted exploitation because of this.

ToulminAnalysisofTheArgument.docx.pdf

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Toulmin Analysis of The Argument

Student Name

Name of School or Institution

Professor Name

Course Code

Dated

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Toulmin Analysis of The Argument

1. Claims: My claim is: “Implementing stricter gun control laws is essential to reduce

violent crime rates in the United States.”

2. Qualifiers: My essay lacks qualifiers. Adding terms like “in most urban areas” could

refine the argument, acknowledging variations in impact.

3. Reasons: One reason is: “Stricter gun laws would limit access to firearms for

individuals with a history of violence.”

4. Grounds: I use FBI crime statistics, but adding localized data would strengthen this

point.

5. Warrants: The implicit warrant is that restricting access to guns reduces violent

crime. I need to make this explicit, linking access directly to crime rates.

6. Backing: My warrant lacks backing. Studies showing lower crime rates in areas with

strict gun laws would support this.

7. Counterarguments: While I acknowledge that some believe gun control infringes on

Second Amendment rights, I must include additional examples and credible sources to

adequately represent opposing viewpoints and strengthen my argument by addressing

these concerns more comprehensively.

8. Rebuttals: I address counterarguments by clarifying that gun regulations aim to

promote responsible ownership rather than outright bans. To strengthen this section, I

could include examples of successful gun regulations from other countries,

demonstrating their effectiveness in reducing violence while respecting individual

rights and freedoms. This would provide a balanced perspective.

WritingtheToulminThesis1.pdf

Writing the Toulmin Thesis ENGL 1213:

ENGLISH COMPOSITION II

Types of Claims Your thesis statement in the Toulmin argument should be a claim. Unlike a statement of fact, a claim makes an assertion that requires support in the form of evidence. Claims fall into three categories:

1. Claims of Fact – answer the question, “What is true?” • Example: Climate change is responsible for the wildfires in Western states.

2. Claims of Value – answer the question, “What is a subject’s worth?” • Example: The Oklahoma City Thunder are a vastly overrated team.

3. Claims of Policy – answer the question, “What should be done?” • Example: Tuition at community colleges should be paid for through tax funds.

Claim Criteria When devising your claim, keep in mind that it must meet two criteria:

1. Your claim should be debatable 2. Your claim should be defendable

If your thesis is not debatable, you will write a report rather than an argument. If you find that your thesis is a statement of fact, revise it so that it’s a debatable claim.

If your thesis goes too far, you will not be able to defend it – no matter how much research you conduct. If you find that you cannot support your thesis, scale it back.

Example Claims Following is an example of a claim that is not debatable. As such, it’s not a claim at all. Rather, it’s a statement of fact:

Too much sugar is bad for one’s health.

Conversely, the following claim goes too far. As such, it’s not defendable:

Because of its negative health impacts, sugar should be banned.

A balanced claim falls in between. It is both debatable and within reason:

Food packaging should be required to list the negative impacts of sugar.

Qualifiers Qualifiers limit the scope of your claim so that it does not go too far or lead to generalizations. Qualifiers take the form of phrases in your claim. Following are examples of claims that are strengthened by the presence of qualifiers (typed in italics):

Smoking should be banned in public spaces.

College should be free for those with household incomes under $100,000.

Qualifiers also take the form of words or phrases that indicate that the claim may not be true in all circumstances:

Voter fraud rarely occurs.

In general, college graduates earn higher incomes than those without a degree.

Qualifying Your Claim After you write your initial claim, ask yourself the following:

• Does my claim go too far? • Does my claim make sweeping generalizations? • Can I rephrase my claim so that it’s more precise and honest? • Can I add language to my claim to show my audience that I’m objective and fair? • If I were to limit my claim, would it make my argument more truthful? • Is my initial claim too difficult to defend? • Does my claim reflect the complexities of the issue?