OSHA 5 DB V

OSH 2305, Fleet and Driver Safety 1

Course Learning Outcomes for Unit V Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:

5. Summarize hazardous materials shipping and storage requirements. 5.1 Identify training requirements for employees who handle hazardous materials. 5.2 Identify regulations concerning hazardous materials transportation.

Required Unit Resources In order to access the following resources, click the links below. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (n.d.). How to comply with federal hazardous materials

regulations. Retrieved from https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/regulations/hazardous-materials/how-comply- federal-hazardous-materials-regulations

Pozniak, E. (2019). Speaker spotlight: Are we using our full intelligence? Retrieved from

https://www.safetyandhealthmagazine.com/articles/print/19002-speaker-spotlight-are-we-using-our- full-intelligence

U.S. Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration. (n.d.). DOT chart

16: Hazardous materials markings, labeling and placarding guide. Retrieved from https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/docs/training/hazmat/18371/usdot-chart-16- phh50-0160-0817.pdf

U.S. Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration. (n.d.). Guide to

developing a hazmat training program. Retrieved from https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/docs/training/hazmat/6586/guide-developing- hazmat-training-program.pdf

Please read pp. 3–5 of the resource below. U.S. Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration. (n.d.). Hazmat

transportation training requirements: An overview of 49 CFR PARTS 172-173. Retrieved from https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/docs/Hazmat_Transportation_Training_Require ments.pdf

Read pp. 4, 6, and 258–265 of the resource below. U.S. Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration. (2016). 2016

emergency response guidebook. Retrieved from https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/docs/ERG2016.pdf

Unit Lesson Introduction Response actions to hazardous materials (hazmat) emergencies are key to ensuring public safety. Potential hazards can be toxic and cause fires and explosions that could be harmful to the public areas that surround the accident. Because of these dangers, transportation of hazmat is taken very seriously by every company, and the policies and regulations governing the transportation of these types of materials fall under the purview

UNIT V STUDY GUIDE Shipping and Storage of Hazardous Materials

OSH 2305, Fleet and Driver Safety 2

UNIT x STUDY GUIDE Title

of the federal government. In 1907, the American Railroad Association created the Bureau of Explosives, which was designed to inspect and regulate the labeling and transportation of all types of hazmat and explosives (Compressed Gas Association, n.d.). This began the creation of labels such as the skull and crossbones, which is commonly known today. From this, hazard classification systems were created to help further identify the specific hazmat that are handled on a daily basis throughout the country. Over the years, and with the creation of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), federal guidelines were created through the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act, which is the statute that regulates the transportation of hazmat in the United States (Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration [PHMSA], n.d.). Any employee working for a transportation company must be specifically trained in the transportation and managing procedures of any type of hazmat. Training and Handling Employees who handle hazmat should be properly trained in managing all aspects of shipment within a transportation environment. All employees should be trained to be generally aware of the meaning of hazmat and the potential emergencies that can result from a hazmat accident (Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration [FMCSA], n.d.). Proper training can help mitigate the possibility of hazmat accidents, which can also reduce company costs. The DOT governs transportation of hazmat; therefore, shipping papers and general markings should also be carried in accordance with federal laws and regulations. Those materials designated by the secretary of the DOT as posing an unreasonable threat to the public and the environment are labelled as hazmat, which include the following materials:

1. hazardous substances, 2. hazardous wastes, 3. marine pollutants, 4. elevated temperature material, 5. materials identified in 172.101, and 6. materials meeting the definitions contained in Part 173 (FMCSA, n.d.).

Each of these indicate a different type of material that is considered as hazardous and is transported with the appropriate markings to designate its contents. In training, employees, drivers, and companies must carefully review each marking to have a complete understanding in the transportation of hazmat. In shipping hazmat, all goods must be noted on the shipping papers so that they are specifically defined and all information is outlined for the reader. All shipping documents must be kept with the operator within the fleet. A driver must keep the documents nearby in the cab of the fleet vehicle. Likewise, if rail, air, or waterway is transporting the hazmat, documentation must be kept in possession of the main crew. Additionally, the documents must provide the four-digit identification number of the hazmat, name of the hazmat, hazard class or the division number, description of materials enclosed, and an emergency response telephone number. There are nine classes of hazards that have been defined within the U.S. hazard class system. These classes are utilized in determining the four-digit identification, hazard, and division of these types of materials. For example, if a company was transporting explosives, and they are considered to have no significant blast pattern, they would be classified as Class 1: Division 1.4. The following is an example of a placard under this division.

Nonflammable Gas 2 and Oxygen 2 placards (DOT, PHMSA, 2016, p. 8)

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UNIT x STUDY GUIDE Title

All nine hazard classifications are listed below.

• Class 1: Explosives: Six subdivisions outline various methods of explosions and hazards involved. • Class 2: Gases: Three subdivisions define the differences between toxic and nontoxic gases. • Class 3: Flammable Liquids: These are descriptions of combustible and flammable liquids that are

considered as hazmat. • Class 4: Flammable Solids: Three subdivisions detail flammable solid materials. • Class 5: Oxidizing Substances and Organic Peroxides: Two subdivisions provide information

regarding these two substances and explain how they are considered as hazmat. • Class 6: Toxic Substances and Infectious Substances: Two subdivisions provide further information

and details regarding toxic and infectious hazmat. • Class 7: Radioactive Materials: All goods are considered radioactive, and it includes how to respond

in an emergency. • Class 8: Corrosive Substances: All goods are considered corrosive and the types, descriptions, and

how to respond in an emergency are included. • Class 9: Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods/Hazmat and Articles: This includes any material that

presents a hazard during transport but is not included in any other hazard class (DOT, PHMSA, 2016).

Each of these classes plays a very important part in determining the method of transportation, the mode of transportation, and the documentation of hazmat. Each of these classes also plays an important role in how emergency responders determine response methods to accidents and/or spills of these materials. Transportation Methods There are four main methods of transporting hazmat: road, railway, aviation, and marine. In using the roadways to transport hazmat, companies use multiple methods and trailers depending on the type of materials that need to be moved. Different types of trailers are used in the transportation of flammable and corrosive liquids depending on the types of liquid being transported. For example, the DOT recommends that companies use the following types of trailers in transporting flammable liquids such as gasoline and diesel. The maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) is the maximum pressure that the weakest point of the trailer can handle when in normal operation.

When companies utilize the railway for transportation methods, they commonly use tank cars to transport flammable/nonflammable gases in which they can maintain the pounds per square inch (PSI) to ensure the internal pressure in each tank is stable. Hoppers and boxcars are used to transport goods considered as general freight. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) recommends regulations for shipping hazmat based on enforcing hazmat policies while in transit. Hazmat determined by the FAA include, but are not limited to, explosives, gases, flammable liquids and solids, oxidizers, toxic and infectious materials, radioactive materials, corrosives, and many other items that can endanger the traveling public when not handled correctly (FAA, n.d.).

Road Trailer Identification 131 (DOT, PHMSA, 2016, p. 12)

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UNIT x STUDY GUIDE Title

Last, hazmat can also be transported via waterways. In this method, maritime rules apply in conjunction with the DOT and Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Much like how the FAA identifies certain hazmat materials for transportation, the same generally applies to shipping hazmat via waterways throughout and around the United States. Emergency Response Senior management officials within all companies must be aware of correct safety procedures, specifically when it comes to training employees on responding to an emergency regarding a spill or accident that involves the hazmat being transported within their fleet. Proactive measures need to be established before accidents occur to allow employees to react in the appropriate manner. Identifying the type of product through placards and shipping documentation helps to ensure the correct manner of response. For example, there are different aspects that can impact emergency response to a flammable liquid spill such as how friction, heat, or chemical reactions can trigger ignitions. Weather, population density, topography, and nearby buildings can affect response times and determine how effective timely emergency responses can be with regard to managing an accident. Safety managers can help minimize problems by establishing effective emergency response procedures in alignment with the DOT regulations that outline and define responses for all possible problems so that employees are trained and aware of their responsibilities in providing emergency response in reaction to a spill or accident. Within our environment, we often fail to recognize and react appropriately to these types of situations. Responses can be facilitated in large and small situations. While the real possibility of a tanker truck rolling and spilling a large amount of flammable liquids across a highway is considered, most do not take into consideration that an emergency response to hazmat can be as small as knowing how to properly dispose of paints and solvents found in garages of most households. Different organizations are now assisting companies with reviewing protocols and improving response times and methods to the many different types of hazmat accidents that can possibly occur in daily life. A fleet safety manager will find that possessing and understanding how to use the Emergency Response Guidebook will be invaluable during an emergency such as a collision or spill. While not all-inclusive, the following list provides some highlights of information found in the guidebook:

• how to use the guidebook; • safety precautions (i.e., resist rushing in); • hazard classification system; • lesson to the table of markings, labels, and placards; • both road trailer and railcar identification charts; • the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) symbol chart (white section); • a list of hazmat listed numerically (yellow section); • a list of hazmat listed alphabetically (blue section); • guides that give instruction on potential hazards, public safety, and emergency response—which are

cross-referenced in the yellow and blue sections and clustered by similarities with other chemicals as to how they react in the atmosphere (orange section); and

• a guide that outlines how much distance to put between the general public and the leaking vehicle (green section) (DOT, PHMSA, 2016).

Conclusion Lack of knowledge, poor responses, and human errors can result in an even larger problem when responding to hazmat spills and accidents. Failure to follow safety protocols or failing to know what your role should be in responding to an emergency situation can be an immense detriment to an emergency problem. Hazmat are determined prior to transportation and noted on placards (located on the outside of the transportation vehicle or vessel) and shipping documentation. For the transportation of hazmat, employees need to be trained in each step of handling these types of materials. Safety managers can use the hazardous classification system as designed by the DOT to help train employees on recognizing types of hazards and knowing how to handle each of them. Each step from handling, packaging, storing, loading, and unloading involves specific training for how to handle each situation. Effective training not only helps companies with maintaining a secure safety

OSH 2305, Fleet and Driver Safety 5

UNIT x STUDY GUIDE Title

culture but also in preventing future accidents. Correct handling increases efficiency within transportation, which also ensures a positive outcome in delivery.

References Compressed Gas Association. (n.d.). Celebrating 100 years as the standard for safety: The Compressed Gas

Association, Inc. 1913– 2013. Retrieved from https://airtesting.com/wp- content/uploads/2013/12/100th.pdf

Federal Aviation Administration. (n.d.). Pack safe. Retrieved from

https://www.faa.gov/about/initiatives/hazmat_safety/ Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (n.d.). How to comply with federal hazardous materials

regulations. Retrieved from https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/regulations/hazardous-materials/how-comply- federal-hazardous-materials-regulations

U.S. Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration. (2016). The

emergency response guidebook: A guidebook for first responders. Retrieved from https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/erg/erg2016-english

Suggested Unit Resources In order to access the following resources, click the links below. The following article provides a general overview of regulations for transporting hazmat over the road. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (n.d.). How to comply with federal hazardous materials

regulations. Retrieved from https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/regulations/hazardous-materials/how-comply- federal-hazardous-materials-regulations

The following article lists top priorities for people who handle chemicals. Kilbourne, C. (2012). 11 rules for safe handling of hazardous materials. Retrieved from

https://ehsdailyadvisor.blr.com/2012/04/11-rules-for-safe-handling-of-hazardous-materials/ For the latest news and updates regarding promoting safety, inspection reports, and free training materials, explore the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration website. Learning Activities (Nongraded) Nongraded Learning Activities are provided to aid students in their course of study. You do not have to submit them. If you have questions, contact your instructor for further guidance and information. Familiarize yourself with the layout of the 2016 Emergency Response Guidebook. The next time a tanker truck drives by you with a placard number, use the guidebook to find out what the chemical is and how you would react if the tanker had an accident and started to leak.

OSH 2305, Fleet and Driver Safety 1

Course Learning Outcomes for Unit V Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:

5. Summarize hazardous materials shipping and storage requirements. 5.1 Identify training requirements for employees who handle hazardous materials. 5.2 Identify regulations concerning hazardous materials transportation.

Required Unit Resources In order to access the following resources, click the links below. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (n.d.). How to comply with federal hazardous materials

regulations. Retrieved from https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/regulations/hazardous-materials/how-comply- federal-hazardous-materials-regulations

Pozniak, E. (2019). Speaker spotlight: Are we using our full intelligence? Retrieved from

https://www.safetyandhealthmagazine.com/articles/print/19002-speaker-spotlight-are-we-using-our- full-intelligence

U.S. Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration. (n.d.). DOT chart

16: Hazardous materials markings, labeling and placarding guide. Retrieved from https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/docs/training/hazmat/18371/usdot-chart-16- phh50-0160-0817.pdf

U.S. Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration. (n.d.). Guide to

developing a hazmat training program. Retrieved from https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/docs/training/hazmat/6586/guide-developing- hazmat-training-program.pdf

Please read pp. 3–5 of the resource below. U.S. Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration. (n.d.). Hazmat

transportation training requirements: An overview of 49 CFR PARTS 172-173. Retrieved from https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/docs/Hazmat_Transportation_Training_Require ments.pdf

Read pp. 4, 6, and 258–265 of the resource below. U.S. Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration. (2016). 2016

emergency response guidebook. Retrieved from https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/docs/ERG2016.pdf

Unit Lesson Introduction Response actions to hazardous materials (hazmat) emergencies are key to ensuring public safety. Potential hazards can be toxic and cause fires and explosions that could be harmful to the public areas that surround the accident. Because of these dangers, transportation of hazmat is taken very seriously by every company, and the policies and regulations governing the transportation of these types of materials fall under the purview

UNIT V STUDY GUIDE Shipping and Storage of Hazardous Materials

OSH 2305, Fleet and Driver Safety 2

UNIT x STUDY GUIDE Title

of the federal government. In 1907, the American Railroad Association created the Bureau of Explosives, which was designed to inspect and regulate the labeling and transportation of all types of hazmat and explosives (Compressed Gas Association, n.d.). This began the creation of labels such as the skull and crossbones, which is commonly known today. From this, hazard classification systems were created to help further identify the specific hazmat that are handled on a daily basis throughout the country. Over the years, and with the creation of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), federal guidelines were created through the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act, which is the statute that regulates the transportation of hazmat in the United States (Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration [PHMSA], n.d.). Any employee working for a transportation company must be specifically trained in the transportation and managing procedures of any type of hazmat. Training and Handling Employees who handle hazmat should be properly trained in managing all aspects of shipment within a transportation environment. All employees should be trained to be generally aware of the meaning of hazmat and the potential emergencies that can result from a hazmat accident (Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration [FMCSA], n.d.). Proper training can help mitigate the possibility of hazmat accidents, which can also reduce company costs. The DOT governs transportation of hazmat; therefore, shipping papers and general markings should also be carried in accordance with federal laws and regulations. Those materials designated by the secretary of the DOT as posing an unreasonable threat to the public and the environment are labelled as hazmat, which include the following materials:

1. hazardous substances, 2. hazardous wastes, 3. marine pollutants, 4. elevated temperature material, 5. materials identified in 172.101, and 6. materials meeting the definitions contained in Part 173 (FMCSA, n.d.).

Each of these indicate a different type of material that is considered as hazardous and is transported with the appropriate markings to designate its contents. In training, employees, drivers, and companies must carefully review each marking to have a complete understanding in the transportation of hazmat. In shipping hazmat, all goods must be noted on the shipping papers so that they are specifically defined and all information is outlined for the reader. All shipping documents must be kept with the operator within the fleet. A driver must keep the documents nearby in the cab of the fleet vehicle. Likewise, if rail, air, or waterway is transporting the hazmat, documentation must be kept in possession of the main crew. Additionally, the documents must provide the four-digit identification number of the hazmat, name of the hazmat, hazard class or the division number, description of materials enclosed, and an emergency response telephone number. There are nine classes of hazards that have been defined within the U.S. hazard class system. These classes are utilized in determining the four-digit identification, hazard, and division of these types of materials. For example, if a company was transporting explosives, and they are considered to have no significant blast pattern, they would be classified as Class 1: Division 1.4. The following is an example of a placard under this division.

Nonflammable Gas 2 and Oxygen 2 placards (DOT, PHMSA, 2016, p. 8)

OSH 2305, Fleet and Driver Safety 3

UNIT x STUDY GUIDE Title

All nine hazard classifications are listed below.

• Class 1: Explosives: Six subdivisions outline various methods of explosions and hazards involved. • Class 2: Gases: Three subdivisions define the differences between toxic and nontoxic gases. • Class 3: Flammable Liquids: These are descriptions of combustible and flammable liquids that are

considered as hazmat. • Class 4: Flammable Solids: Three subdivisions detail flammable solid materials. • Class 5: Oxidizing Substances and Organic Peroxides: Two subdivisions provide information

regarding these two substances and explain how they are considered as hazmat. • Class 6: Toxic Substances and Infectious Substances: Two subdivisions provide further information

and details regarding toxic and infectious hazmat. • Class 7: Radioactive Materials: All goods are considered radioactive, and it includes how to respond

in an emergency. • Class 8: Corrosive Substances: All goods are considered corrosive and the types, descriptions, and

how to respond in an emergency are included. • Class 9: Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods/Hazmat and Articles: This includes any material that

presents a hazard during transport but is not included in any other hazard class (DOT, PHMSA, 2016).

Each of these classes plays a very important part in determining the method of transportation, the mode of transportation, and the documentation of hazmat. Each of these classes also plays an important role in how emergency responders determine response methods to accidents and/or spills of these materials. Transportation Methods There are four main methods of transporting hazmat: road, railway, aviation, and marine. In using the roadways to transport hazmat, companies use multiple methods and trailers depending on the type of materials that need to be moved. Different types of trailers are used in the transportation of flammable and corrosive liquids depending on the types of liquid being transported. For example, the DOT recommends that companies use the following types of trailers in transporting flammable liquids such as gasoline and diesel. The maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) is the maximum pressure that the weakest point of the trailer can handle when in normal operation.

When companies utilize the railway for transportation methods, they commonly use tank cars to transport flammable/nonflammable gases in which they can maintain the pounds per square inch (PSI) to ensure the internal pressure in each tank is stable. Hoppers and boxcars are used to transport goods considered as general freight. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) recommends regulations for shipping hazmat based on enforcing hazmat policies while in transit. Hazmat determined by the FAA include, but are not limited to, explosives, gases, flammable liquids and solids, oxidizers, toxic and infectious materials, radioactive materials, corrosives, and many other items that can endanger the traveling public when not handled correctly (FAA, n.d.).

Road Trailer Identification 131 (DOT, PHMSA, 2016, p. 12)

OSH 2305, Fleet and Driver Safety 4

UNIT x STUDY GUIDE Title

Last, hazmat can also be transported via waterways. In this method, maritime rules apply in conjunction with the DOT and Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Much like how the FAA identifies certain hazmat materials for transportation, the same generally applies to shipping hazmat via waterways throughout and around the United States. Emergency Response Senior management officials within all companies must be aware of correct safety procedures, specifically when it comes to training employees on responding to an emergency regarding a spill or accident that involves the hazmat being transported within their fleet. Proactive measures need to be established before accidents occur to allow employees to react in the appropriate manner. Identifying the type of product through placards and shipping documentation helps to ensure the correct manner of response. For example, there are different aspects that can impact emergency response to a flammable liquid spill such as how friction, heat, or chemical reactions can trigger ignitions. Weather, population density, topography, and nearby buildings can affect response times and determine how effective timely emergency responses can be with regard to managing an accident. Safety managers can help minimize problems by establishing effective emergency response procedures in alignment with the DOT regulations that outline and define responses for all possible problems so that employees are trained and aware of their responsibilities in providing emergency response in reaction to a spill or accident. Within our environment, we often fail to recognize and react appropriately to these types of situations. Responses can be facilitated in large and small situations. While the real possibility of a tanker truck rolling and spilling a large amount of flammable liquids across a highway is considered, most do not take into consideration that an emergency response to hazmat can be as small as knowing how to properly dispose of paints and solvents found in garages of most households. Different organizations are now assisting companies with reviewing protocols and improving response times and methods to the many different types of hazmat accidents that can possibly occur in daily life. A fleet safety manager will find that possessing and understanding how to use the Emergency Response Guidebook will be invaluable during an emergency such as a collision or spill. While not all-inclusive, the following list provides some highlights of information found in the guidebook:

• how to use the guidebook; • safety precautions (i.e., resist rushing in); • hazard classification system; • lesson to the table of markings, labels, and placards; • both road trailer and railcar identification charts; • the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) symbol chart (white section); • a list of hazmat listed numerically (yellow section); • a list of hazmat listed alphabetically (blue section); • guides that give instruction on potential hazards, public safety, and emergency response—which are

cross-referenced in the yellow and blue sections and clustered by similarities with other chemicals as to how they react in the atmosphere (orange section); and

• a guide that outlines how much distance to put between the general public and the leaking vehicle (green section) (DOT, PHMSA, 2016).

Conclusion Lack of knowledge, poor responses, and human errors can result in an even larger problem when responding to hazmat spills and accidents. Failure to follow safety protocols or failing to know what your role should be in responding to an emergency situation can be an immense detriment to an emergency problem. Hazmat are determined prior to transportation and noted on placards (located on the outside of the transportation vehicle or vessel) and shipping documentation. For the transportation of hazmat, employees need to be trained in each step of handling these types of materials. Safety managers can use the hazardous classification system as designed by the DOT to help train employees on recognizing types of hazards and knowing how to handle each of them. Each step from handling, packaging, storing, loading, and unloading involves specific training for how to handle each situation. Effective training not only helps companies with maintaining a secure safety

OSH 2305, Fleet and Driver Safety 5

UNIT x STUDY GUIDE Title

culture but also in preventing future accidents. Correct handling increases efficiency within transportation, which also ensures a positive outcome in delivery.

References Compressed Gas Association. (n.d.). Celebrating 100 years as the standard for safety: The Compressed Gas

Association, Inc. 1913– 2013. Retrieved from https://airtesting.com/wp- content/uploads/2013/12/100th.pdf

Federal Aviation Administration. (n.d.). Pack safe. Retrieved from

https://www.faa.gov/about/initiatives/hazmat_safety/ Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (n.d.). How to comply with federal hazardous materials

regulations. Retrieved from https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/regulations/hazardous-materials/how-comply- federal-hazardous-materials-regulations

U.S. Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration. (2016). The

emergency response guidebook: A guidebook for first responders. Retrieved from https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/erg/erg2016-english

Suggested Unit Resources In order to access the following resources, click the links below. The following article provides a general overview of regulations for transporting hazmat over the road. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (n.d.). How to comply with federal hazardous materials

regulations. Retrieved from https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/regulations/hazardous-materials/how-comply- federal-hazardous-materials-regulations

The following article lists top priorities for people who handle chemicals. Kilbourne, C. (2012). 11 rules for safe handling of hazardous materials. Retrieved from

https://ehsdailyadvisor.blr.com/2012/04/11-rules-for-safe-handling-of-hazardous-materials/ For the latest news and updates regarding promoting safety, inspection reports, and free training materials, explore the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration website. Learning Activities (Nongraded) Nongraded Learning Activities are provided to aid students in their course of study. You do not have to submit them. If you have questions, contact your instructor for further guidance and information. Familiarize yourself with the layout of the 2016 Emergency Response Guidebook. The next time a tanker truck drives by you with a placard number, use the guidebook to find out what the chemical is and how you would react if the tanker had an accident and started to leak.