Nursing pp

FlorenceNightingdalenursing.pptx

Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory

Adrionna Hill

Dr. Fountain

November 23, 2025

Introduction: Overview of Florence Nightingale

Founder of modern nursing and major reformer of health care

Emphasized environment as the foundation of healing (da Silva Junior et al., 2024)

Introduced ventilation, hygiene, and sanitation as core to care

Advocated for scientific observation and record-keeping (Peres et al., 2021)

Used statistical evidence to influence health policy

Her theory continues to guide holistic nursing practice

Florence Nightingale is commonly known as the pioneer of modern nursing due to her vast contributions in health care as well as in advancing nursing as a science. The scope of her work was the environment, which was directly related to the outcomes of patients, according to her, by the environment in terms of air quality, cleanliness, sanitation and setting proper light (da Silva Junior et al., 2024). Her environmental policy was based on such careful observation and systematic observation of health trends that she systematized during and after the Crimean War. This approach turned out to be the principles of evidence-based practice. The concept of holistic care that considers the emotional and social well-being of the subject, in addition to the physical one, is also present in the work of Nightingale (Peres et al., 2021). Her theoretical work continues to be of the core of modern nursing, shaping the existing models of promoting health, prevention, and patient safety.

2

Significance and Value of the Theory

Highlights relationship between environment and patient recovery

Shapes modern infection control and safety practices (Riegel et al., 2021)

Encourages holistic care—body, mind, and spirit

Supports critical thinking through observation and assessment

Serves as foundation for multiple later nursing theories

Influences global health, public health policy, and hospital design

What makes the Environmental Theory by Nightingale worthwhile is its continued use in the present health systems. Nightingale established the basis of much of modern practice by insisting on recovery being dependent on the circumstances of the patient, which enabled her to establish the basis of many modern practices such as infection prevention, ventilation standards, and hospital sanitation standards. Her approach urges nurses to evaluate the environment, including the patient among others, and give them holistic and patient-centered care (Riegel et al., 2021). The theory also spurred development of critical thinking because nurses would have to observe, interpret and take actions based on environmental signals which influenced health. Her thoughts have over time influenced the world policy on health, the layout of hospital areas, and even the way of community-based care. Since most modern nursing theories (e.g., adaptation, needs-based, holistic models) are developed on the principles of Nightingale, her principles regarding the environment are still focus of nursing education and practice.

3

Background/Historical Perspective: Early Life and Education

Born in Florence, Italy, in 1820 (Peres et al., 2021)

Raised in an affluent, educated British family

Received extensive training in mathematics, philosophy, languages

Influenced by her father’s progressive beliefs about women’s education

Developed calling for service and teaching at age 17

Rejected traditional domestic expectations for women

The way Florence Nightingale was raised was instrumental in her future contributions. She was born in 1820 to a well-educated and affluent family of Britain and was therefore, lucky to have access to education that women of her time, did not have much access to. Her father taught math, language, and philosophy strictly, and it assisted her to use statistics to promote hospital reform in the future (Peres et al., 2021). Even though the upper-class women were supposed to attend to the domestic life, Nightingale experienced a great occupational pull to service and learning as early as during adolescence. She was exposed to social problems, religion, and humanitarian values, which enhanced her wish to take care of needy people. This was the beginning of intellectual and moral growth that formed the basis of her subsequent philosophy of nursing which was based on scientific thinking and the social responsibilities and compassion. The formative years of Nightingale were therefore a direct factor to her pioneering work in the field of health care and in the health of the people.

4

Background/Historical Perspective: Path to Nursing and Influences

Met religious and charitable groups providing care (Peres et al., 2021)

Studied hospital systems during travels

Observed conditions in European health institutions

Developed commitment to reforming health care for the poor

Embraced humanitarian and feminist principles

Believed nursing was a divine calling

Nightingale got exposed to charitable organizations, religious service groups, and European hospital systems; this influenced her path to nursing. In her travels, she examined the structure of hospitals, read health reports, and observed the conditions of patients with her own eyes, which allowed her to identify the necessity of significant reforms (Peres et al., 2021). She had a strong belief in social responsibility, which put her on the path of protestant reform movements, which were aimed at enhancing the life of the vulnerable populations. These experiences further made her believe that nursing was not just a job but her calling. Humanitarianism compelled Nightingale to work with the ill, particularly the poor or those with poor living conditions. Her conceptualization of nursing was a mixture of practical aspects, ethics, and a sense of commitment to the welfare of the population (da Silva Junior et al., 2024). These would be the foundations of the contemporary norms of patient advocacy, health promotion and nursing education.

5

Background/Historical Perspective: Crimean War and Rise to Prominence

Led group of 38 nurses to military hospitals (Peres et al., 2021)

Improved sanitation, ventilation, food, and laundry services

Mortality rate reduced dramatically from 40% to 2% (Peres et al., 2021).

Introduced statistical diagrams to support health advocacy

Gained recognition as “The Lady with the Lamp”

Work demonstrated power of environment on patient outcomes

The Crimean War was the turning point in the career of Nightingale and the event that led to modern nursing. She arrived with a team of 38 nurses and had to face unsanitary overcrowded military hospitals where the soldiers were dying more of infectious diseases than of combat wounds (Peres et al., 2021). Nightingale introduced urgent changes which included better ventilation, systematization of laundry, healthy meals and better hygiene. Consequently, the death percentage reduced to 2 out of 40, demonstrating the critical importance of the environmental conditions to patient survival. She also employed statistical diagrams (primarily, Polar Area Diagram) to introduce her findings to policy-makers and show them the significance of environmental control (Peres et al., 2021). Her evening walks attached to her the name of The Lady with the Lamp, the symbol of kindness and devotion. The Crimean War cemented her legacy as an innovative nurse, reformist and leader of public health.

6

Background/Historical Perspective: Later Life, Writings & Legacy

Authored 200+ books, reports, and letters (Peres et al., 2021)

Founded first professional nursing school in 1860

Influenced global nursing standards and hospital design

Advocated for sanitation reform and public health

Inspired later humanitarian movements, including Red Cross

Left a foundation for holistic and environmental nursing models

The later years of Nightingale were dedicated to writing, teaching, and reinforcing nursing as a profession. Irrespective of being chronically ill, she wrote hundreds of letters, manuals, and reports that influenced the world health policy and nursing education (Peres et al., 2021). The opening of the Nightingale Training School of Nurses in 1860 helped to introduce formal, controlled nursing education, which has had an impact on nursing curricula throughout the world. Her writings stressed on sanitation, environmental health, compassion, and the role of trained nurses in hospitals and communities. She had a worldwide influence on humanitarian leaders like Henri Dunant of the Red Cross because of her writings. Nightingale also contributed to the creation of the holistic care models, seeing the emotional and spiritual needs in addition to the physical health. Her lifetime contribution made sure that the nursing profession was transformed into a science-based, ethical, and patient-focused profession.

7

References

da Silva Junior, S. V., Alves, C. C. S., de Freitas Coelho, T. M., de Andrade Forte, C. M., Fortunato, C. N., da Silva, D. N., ... & de Barros, S. (2024). Florence Nightingale's Environmental Theory: Reflections for Nursing Practice. International journal of Nursing Didactics, 14(05), 03-06. http://www.nursingdidactics.com/index.php/ijnd/article/download/3392/3026

D'Antonio, P. (2022). What do we do about Florence Nightingale. Nursing Inquiry, 29(1), 12450. https://scholar.archive.org/work/f73rlfl4nbdbfjcclscii4tx4a/access/wayback/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/nin.12450

Peres, M. A. D. A., Aperibense, P. G. G. D. S., Dios-Aguado, M. D. L. M. D., Gómez-Cantarino, S., & Queirós, P. J. P. (2021). The Florence Nightingale’s nursing theoretical model: a transmission of knowledge. Revista gaucha de enfermagem, 42(spe), e20200228. https://www.scielo.br/j/rgenf/a/FCtdhW9CT3k47gJS9KTSXkk/?format=pdf&lang=en

Riegel, F., Crossetti, M. D. G. O., Martini, J. G., & Nes, A. A. G. (2021). Florence Nightingale’s theory and her contributions to holistic critical thinking in nursing. Revista brasileira de enfermagem, 74(2), e20200139. https://www.scielo.br/j/reben/a/hLkJwbxtP5hGFPJSpzP9RMd/?format=pdf&lang=en

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FlorenceNightingdalenursing.pptx

Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory

Adrionna Hill

Dr. Fountain

November 23, 2025

Introduction: Overview of Florence Nightingale

Founder of modern nursing and major reformer of health care

Emphasized environment as the foundation of healing (da Silva Junior et al., 2024)

Introduced ventilation, hygiene, and sanitation as core to care

Advocated for scientific observation and record-keeping (Peres et al., 2021)

Used statistical evidence to influence health policy

Her theory continues to guide holistic nursing practice

Florence Nightingale is commonly known as the pioneer of modern nursing due to her vast contributions in health care as well as in advancing nursing as a science. The scope of her work was the environment, which was directly related to the outcomes of patients, according to her, by the environment in terms of air quality, cleanliness, sanitation and setting proper light (da Silva Junior et al., 2024). Her environmental policy was based on such careful observation and systematic observation of health trends that she systematized during and after the Crimean War. This approach turned out to be the principles of evidence-based practice. The concept of holistic care that considers the emotional and social well-being of the subject, in addition to the physical one, is also present in the work of Nightingale (Peres et al., 2021). Her theoretical work continues to be of the core of modern nursing, shaping the existing models of promoting health, prevention, and patient safety.

2

Significance and Value of the Theory

Highlights relationship between environment and patient recovery

Shapes modern infection control and safety practices (Riegel et al., 2021)

Encourages holistic care—body, mind, and spirit

Supports critical thinking through observation and assessment

Serves as foundation for multiple later nursing theories

Influences global health, public health policy, and hospital design

What makes the Environmental Theory by Nightingale worthwhile is its continued use in the present health systems. Nightingale established the basis of much of modern practice by insisting on recovery being dependent on the circumstances of the patient, which enabled her to establish the basis of many modern practices such as infection prevention, ventilation standards, and hospital sanitation standards. Her approach urges nurses to evaluate the environment, including the patient among others, and give them holistic and patient-centered care (Riegel et al., 2021). The theory also spurred development of critical thinking because nurses would have to observe, interpret and take actions based on environmental signals which influenced health. Her thoughts have over time influenced the world policy on health, the layout of hospital areas, and even the way of community-based care. Since most modern nursing theories (e.g., adaptation, needs-based, holistic models) are developed on the principles of Nightingale, her principles regarding the environment are still focus of nursing education and practice.

3

Background/Historical Perspective: Early Life and Education

Born in Florence, Italy, in 1820 (Peres et al., 2021)

Raised in an affluent, educated British family

Received extensive training in mathematics, philosophy, languages

Influenced by her father’s progressive beliefs about women’s education

Developed calling for service and teaching at age 17

Rejected traditional domestic expectations for women

The way Florence Nightingale was raised was instrumental in her future contributions. She was born in 1820 to a well-educated and affluent family of Britain and was therefore, lucky to have access to education that women of her time, did not have much access to. Her father taught math, language, and philosophy strictly, and it assisted her to use statistics to promote hospital reform in the future (Peres et al., 2021). Even though the upper-class women were supposed to attend to the domestic life, Nightingale experienced a great occupational pull to service and learning as early as during adolescence. She was exposed to social problems, religion, and humanitarian values, which enhanced her wish to take care of needy people. This was the beginning of intellectual and moral growth that formed the basis of her subsequent philosophy of nursing which was based on scientific thinking and the social responsibilities and compassion. The formative years of Nightingale were therefore a direct factor to her pioneering work in the field of health care and in the health of the people.

4

Background/Historical Perspective: Path to Nursing and Influences

Met religious and charitable groups providing care (Peres et al., 2021)

Studied hospital systems during travels

Observed conditions in European health institutions

Developed commitment to reforming health care for the poor

Embraced humanitarian and feminist principles

Believed nursing was a divine calling

Nightingale got exposed to charitable organizations, religious service groups, and European hospital systems; this influenced her path to nursing. In her travels, she examined the structure of hospitals, read health reports, and observed the conditions of patients with her own eyes, which allowed her to identify the necessity of significant reforms (Peres et al., 2021). She had a strong belief in social responsibility, which put her on the path of protestant reform movements, which were aimed at enhancing the life of the vulnerable populations. These experiences further made her believe that nursing was not just a job but her calling. Humanitarianism compelled Nightingale to work with the ill, particularly the poor or those with poor living conditions. Her conceptualization of nursing was a mixture of practical aspects, ethics, and a sense of commitment to the welfare of the population (da Silva Junior et al., 2024). These would be the foundations of the contemporary norms of patient advocacy, health promotion and nursing education.

5

Background/Historical Perspective: Crimean War and Rise to Prominence

Led group of 38 nurses to military hospitals (Peres et al., 2021)

Improved sanitation, ventilation, food, and laundry services

Mortality rate reduced dramatically from 40% to 2% (Peres et al., 2021).

Introduced statistical diagrams to support health advocacy

Gained recognition as “The Lady with the Lamp”

Work demonstrated power of environment on patient outcomes

The Crimean War was the turning point in the career of Nightingale and the event that led to modern nursing. She arrived with a team of 38 nurses and had to face unsanitary overcrowded military hospitals where the soldiers were dying more of infectious diseases than of combat wounds (Peres et al., 2021). Nightingale introduced urgent changes which included better ventilation, systematization of laundry, healthy meals and better hygiene. Consequently, the death percentage reduced to 2 out of 40, demonstrating the critical importance of the environmental conditions to patient survival. She also employed statistical diagrams (primarily, Polar Area Diagram) to introduce her findings to policy-makers and show them the significance of environmental control (Peres et al., 2021). Her evening walks attached to her the name of The Lady with the Lamp, the symbol of kindness and devotion. The Crimean War cemented her legacy as an innovative nurse, reformist and leader of public health.

6

Background/Historical Perspective: Later Life, Writings & Legacy

Authored 200+ books, reports, and letters (Peres et al., 2021)

Founded first professional nursing school in 1860

Influenced global nursing standards and hospital design

Advocated for sanitation reform and public health

Inspired later humanitarian movements, including Red Cross

Left a foundation for holistic and environmental nursing models

The later years of Nightingale were dedicated to writing, teaching, and reinforcing nursing as a profession. Irrespective of being chronically ill, she wrote hundreds of letters, manuals, and reports that influenced the world health policy and nursing education (Peres et al., 2021). The opening of the Nightingale Training School of Nurses in 1860 helped to introduce formal, controlled nursing education, which has had an impact on nursing curricula throughout the world. Her writings stressed on sanitation, environmental health, compassion, and the role of trained nurses in hospitals and communities. She had a worldwide influence on humanitarian leaders like Henri Dunant of the Red Cross because of her writings. Nightingale also contributed to the creation of the holistic care models, seeing the emotional and spiritual needs in addition to the physical health. Her lifetime contribution made sure that the nursing profession was transformed into a science-based, ethical, and patient-focused profession.

7

References

da Silva Junior, S. V., Alves, C. C. S., de Freitas Coelho, T. M., de Andrade Forte, C. M., Fortunato, C. N., da Silva, D. N., ... & de Barros, S. (2024). Florence Nightingale's Environmental Theory: Reflections for Nursing Practice. International journal of Nursing Didactics, 14(05), 03-06. http://www.nursingdidactics.com/index.php/ijnd/article/download/3392/3026

D'Antonio, P. (2022). What do we do about Florence Nightingale. Nursing Inquiry, 29(1), 12450. https://scholar.archive.org/work/f73rlfl4nbdbfjcclscii4tx4a/access/wayback/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/nin.12450

Peres, M. A. D. A., Aperibense, P. G. G. D. S., Dios-Aguado, M. D. L. M. D., Gómez-Cantarino, S., & Queirós, P. J. P. (2021). The Florence Nightingale’s nursing theoretical model: a transmission of knowledge. Revista gaucha de enfermagem, 42(spe), e20200228. https://www.scielo.br/j/rgenf/a/FCtdhW9CT3k47gJS9KTSXkk/?format=pdf&lang=en

Riegel, F., Crossetti, M. D. G. O., Martini, J. G., & Nes, A. A. G. (2021). Florence Nightingale’s theory and her contributions to holistic critical thinking in nursing. Revista brasileira de enfermagem, 74(2), e20200139. https://www.scielo.br/j/reben/a/hLkJwbxtP5hGFPJSpzP9RMd/?format=pdf&lang=en

image2.jpeg

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FeedbackNursingPP.docx

Feedback: Great work on your draft. The only correction I have is for your title page. Please correct to reflect APA-7 guidelines for your title page information. Add two more pages to make this complete.

FlorenceNightingdalenursing.pptx

Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory

Adrionna Hill

Dr. Fountain

November 23, 2025

Introduction: Overview of Florence Nightingale

Founder of modern nursing and major reformer of health care

Emphasized environment as the foundation of healing (da Silva Junior et al., 2024)

Introduced ventilation, hygiene, and sanitation as core to care

Advocated for scientific observation and record-keeping (Peres et al., 2021)

Used statistical evidence to influence health policy

Her theory continues to guide holistic nursing practice

Florence Nightingale is commonly known as the pioneer of modern nursing due to her vast contributions in health care as well as in advancing nursing as a science. The scope of her work was the environment, which was directly related to the outcomes of patients, according to her, by the environment in terms of air quality, cleanliness, sanitation and setting proper light (da Silva Junior et al., 2024). Her environmental policy was based on such careful observation and systematic observation of health trends that she systematized during and after the Crimean War. This approach turned out to be the principles of evidence-based practice. The concept of holistic care that considers the emotional and social well-being of the subject, in addition to the physical one, is also present in the work of Nightingale (Peres et al., 2021). Her theoretical work continues to be of the core of modern nursing, shaping the existing models of promoting health, prevention, and patient safety.

2

Significance and Value of the Theory

Highlights relationship between environment and patient recovery

Shapes modern infection control and safety practices (Riegel et al., 2021)

Encourages holistic care—body, mind, and spirit

Supports critical thinking through observation and assessment

Serves as foundation for multiple later nursing theories

Influences global health, public health policy, and hospital design

What makes the Environmental Theory by Nightingale worthwhile is its continued use in the present health systems. Nightingale established the basis of much of modern practice by insisting on recovery being dependent on the circumstances of the patient, which enabled her to establish the basis of many modern practices such as infection prevention, ventilation standards, and hospital sanitation standards. Her approach urges nurses to evaluate the environment, including the patient among others, and give them holistic and patient-centered care (Riegel et al., 2021). The theory also spurred development of critical thinking because nurses would have to observe, interpret and take actions based on environmental signals which influenced health. Her thoughts have over time influenced the world policy on health, the layout of hospital areas, and even the way of community-based care. Since most modern nursing theories (e.g., adaptation, needs-based, holistic models) are developed on the principles of Nightingale, her principles regarding the environment are still focus of nursing education and practice.

3

Background/Historical Perspective: Early Life and Education

Born in Florence, Italy, in 1820 (Peres et al., 2021)

Raised in an affluent, educated British family

Received extensive training in mathematics, philosophy, languages

Influenced by her father’s progressive beliefs about women’s education

Developed calling for service and teaching at age 17

Rejected traditional domestic expectations for women

The way Florence Nightingale was raised was instrumental in her future contributions. She was born in 1820 to a well-educated and affluent family of Britain and was therefore, lucky to have access to education that women of her time, did not have much access to. Her father taught math, language, and philosophy strictly, and it assisted her to use statistics to promote hospital reform in the future (Peres et al., 2021). Even though the upper-class women were supposed to attend to the domestic life, Nightingale experienced a great occupational pull to service and learning as early as during adolescence. She was exposed to social problems, religion, and humanitarian values, which enhanced her wish to take care of needy people. This was the beginning of intellectual and moral growth that formed the basis of her subsequent philosophy of nursing which was based on scientific thinking and the social responsibilities and compassion. The formative years of Nightingale were therefore a direct factor to her pioneering work in the field of health care and in the health of the people.

4

Background/Historical Perspective: Path to Nursing and Influences

Met religious and charitable groups providing care (Peres et al., 2021)

Studied hospital systems during travels

Observed conditions in European health institutions

Developed commitment to reforming health care for the poor

Embraced humanitarian and feminist principles

Believed nursing was a divine calling

Nightingale got exposed to charitable organizations, religious service groups, and European hospital systems; this influenced her path to nursing. In her travels, she examined the structure of hospitals, read health reports, and observed the conditions of patients with her own eyes, which allowed her to identify the necessity of significant reforms (Peres et al., 2021). She had a strong belief in social responsibility, which put her on the path of protestant reform movements, which were aimed at enhancing the life of the vulnerable populations. These experiences further made her believe that nursing was not just a job but her calling. Humanitarianism compelled Nightingale to work with the ill, particularly the poor or those with poor living conditions. Her conceptualization of nursing was a mixture of practical aspects, ethics, and a sense of commitment to the welfare of the population (da Silva Junior et al., 2024). These would be the foundations of the contemporary norms of patient advocacy, health promotion and nursing education.

5

Background/Historical Perspective: Crimean War and Rise to Prominence

Led group of 38 nurses to military hospitals (Peres et al., 2021)

Improved sanitation, ventilation, food, and laundry services

Mortality rate reduced dramatically from 40% to 2% (Peres et al., 2021).

Introduced statistical diagrams to support health advocacy

Gained recognition as “The Lady with the Lamp”

Work demonstrated power of environment on patient outcomes

The Crimean War was the turning point in the career of Nightingale and the event that led to modern nursing. She arrived with a team of 38 nurses and had to face unsanitary overcrowded military hospitals where the soldiers were dying more of infectious diseases than of combat wounds (Peres et al., 2021). Nightingale introduced urgent changes which included better ventilation, systematization of laundry, healthy meals and better hygiene. Consequently, the death percentage reduced to 2 out of 40, demonstrating the critical importance of the environmental conditions to patient survival. She also employed statistical diagrams (primarily, Polar Area Diagram) to introduce her findings to policy-makers and show them the significance of environmental control (Peres et al., 2021). Her evening walks attached to her the name of The Lady with the Lamp, the symbol of kindness and devotion. The Crimean War cemented her legacy as an innovative nurse, reformist and leader of public health.

6

Background/Historical Perspective: Later Life, Writings & Legacy

Authored 200+ books, reports, and letters (Peres et al., 2021)

Founded first professional nursing school in 1860

Influenced global nursing standards and hospital design

Advocated for sanitation reform and public health

Inspired later humanitarian movements, including Red Cross

Left a foundation for holistic and environmental nursing models

The later years of Nightingale were dedicated to writing, teaching, and reinforcing nursing as a profession. Irrespective of being chronically ill, she wrote hundreds of letters, manuals, and reports that influenced the world health policy and nursing education (Peres et al., 2021). The opening of the Nightingale Training School of Nurses in 1860 helped to introduce formal, controlled nursing education, which has had an impact on nursing curricula throughout the world. Her writings stressed on sanitation, environmental health, compassion, and the role of trained nurses in hospitals and communities. She had a worldwide influence on humanitarian leaders like Henri Dunant of the Red Cross because of her writings. Nightingale also contributed to the creation of the holistic care models, seeing the emotional and spiritual needs in addition to the physical health. Her lifetime contribution made sure that the nursing profession was transformed into a science-based, ethical, and patient-focused profession.

7

References

da Silva Junior, S. V., Alves, C. C. S., de Freitas Coelho, T. M., de Andrade Forte, C. M., Fortunato, C. N., da Silva, D. N., ... & de Barros, S. (2024). Florence Nightingale's Environmental Theory: Reflections for Nursing Practice. International journal of Nursing Didactics, 14(05), 03-06. http://www.nursingdidactics.com/index.php/ijnd/article/download/3392/3026

D'Antonio, P. (2022). What do we do about Florence Nightingale. Nursing Inquiry, 29(1), 12450. https://scholar.archive.org/work/f73rlfl4nbdbfjcclscii4tx4a/access/wayback/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/nin.12450

Peres, M. A. D. A., Aperibense, P. G. G. D. S., Dios-Aguado, M. D. L. M. D., Gómez-Cantarino, S., & Queirós, P. J. P. (2021). The Florence Nightingale’s nursing theoretical model: a transmission of knowledge. Revista gaucha de enfermagem, 42(spe), e20200228. https://www.scielo.br/j/rgenf/a/FCtdhW9CT3k47gJS9KTSXkk/?format=pdf&lang=en

Riegel, F., Crossetti, M. D. G. O., Martini, J. G., & Nes, A. A. G. (2021). Florence Nightingale’s theory and her contributions to holistic critical thinking in nursing. Revista brasileira de enfermagem, 74(2), e20200139. https://www.scielo.br/j/reben/a/hLkJwbxtP5hGFPJSpzP9RMd/?format=pdf&lang=en

FeedbackNursingPP.docx

FlorenceNightingdalenursing.pptx

FeedbackNursingPP.docx

FlorenceNightingdalenursing.pptx

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