Nursing nursing homework help

TeachingProject-1.docx

7

Teaching Plan Part 1

Seanna Merrill

School of Nursing, University of North Carolina Wilmington

NSG-408: Population and Community Health Nursing

Melissa Kovich, Ph.D., MSN, RN

February 7, 2026

Target Population

The vulnerable group of this teaching project is the nursing mothers between the ages of 18 and 40 years who visit the maternal and child health program within a local community hospital. The sample is comprised of 12 people, all females of different ethnicities, such as African American, Hispanic, and Caucasian. The majority of the participants are already in the postpartum period, between 2 weeks and 6 months after birth. The respondents have different education levels, high school graduates, college graduates, and also have different levels of breastfeeding experience, with some being first-time mothers and others having breastfeeding experience.

Nursing mothers are a vulnerable group because of the physiological and psychosocial issues that are unique to lactation and postpartum recovery. An individual approach to their education is to provide information on proper nutrition to promote lactation, methods of ensuring sufficient milk supply, and ways of preventing common complications such as mastitis or insufficient milk production. Potential barriers to learning among this population include lack of time due to infant care responsibilities, fatigue, inability to access culturally suitable nutrition information, language barriers, and different health literacy. Besides emotional processes like postpartum mood swings, stress and anxiety can also affect the capacity to concentrate and remember information. Lack of access to nutritious foods and lactation support could be affected by socioeconomic factors such as limited financial means. Evidence demonstrates that maternal dietary intake directly influences breast milk composition and volume, reinforcing the importance of nutrition-focused education during the postpartum period (Bravi et al., 2016).

The learning needs of this population were assessed through informal needs assessment methods, including direct observation during prior group sessions, review of current maternal nutrition and lactation literature, and participant feedback from previous educational encounters. The education of health promotion and disease prevention addressing this population can enhance the maternal and infant health outcomes, the level of breastfeeding success, and the general well-being of mothers and babies.

Program Learning Outcome and Objectives

The general learning objective of this learning experience is that, at the conclusion of the learning session, the nursing mothers will be in a position to adopt evidence-based nutritional interventions to aid lactation and postpartum health. In addition to cognitive learning outcomes, the teaching session is designed to support maternal confidence and self-efficacy related to nutritional decision-making during lactation. The result corresponds with the objectives of the health promotion/disease prevention in that the outcome addresses nutritional behaviors, breastfeeding support, and maternal health in general. Breastfeeding education grounded in evidence-based nutritional guidance has been shown to improve maternal and infant health outcomes and supports long-term disease prevention efforts (Victora et al., 2016). To attain this learning outcome, the SMART objectives shown below were created using Bloom’s Taxonomy:

1. Knowledge (Cognitive Level): 80 percent of the participants, at the conclusion of the teaching session, will know five foods rich in nutrients that promote milk production.

2. Comprehension (Cognitive Level): 75 percent of the participants will be able to clarify the connection between the quality of maternal nutrition and that of breast milk by the end of the teaching session.

3. Application (Cognitive Level): 70 percent of the participants will know how to create a one-day meal plan that will promote sufficient lactation and postpartum recovery by the conclusion of the teaching session.

The objectives are quantifiable, achievable, and time-limited to make sure that the participants can show the knowledge acquisition, knowledge understanding, and its practical implementation.

Potential Challenges and Obstacles

Several challenges may arise during implementation of this teaching project. Cultural and ethnic differences in feeding habits, beliefs regarding breastfeeding, and attitudes to postpartum recovery are population-specific issues. To illustrate, certain participants might adhere to the cultural dietary limitations that may affect their food preferences, whereas others might use family traditions as the source of infant feeding guidance that may or may not be consistent with evidence-based practice.

Educator-Related Barriers

Educator-related barriers include limited instructional time, availability of culturally relevant educational resources, and the need to adapt teaching strategies to diverse learning styles. Additionally, educators may face challenges in delivering concise yet comprehensive content while maintaining participant engagement in a group setting with competing demands, such as infant care needs. Addressing these barriers requires intentional lesson planning and flexible teaching approaches to ensure effective knowledge transfer.

Learner-Related Barriers

The barriers associated with learners are fatigue, being distracted by infant care duties, and the difference in health literacy levels. Limited technological literacy can also affect participant engagement in dealing with digital resources like online handouts or videos.

The teaching plan has included several strategies to overcome these difficulties, such as visual aids, handouts, interactive discussions, and demonstrations. To improve understanding, simplified language and culturally-related examples will be employed. Interpreters or bilingual educational materials will be available in case of the need to accommodate non-English speaking participants. Participation strategies will involve group discussions, questions and answers, and practical exercises, which will involve the development of sample meal plans and reviewing the techniques of breastfeeding.

Teaching or Project Strategies

The theory behind the methods that can be used to teach this program is the Adult Learning Theory (Andragogy), which states that adults are driven to learn when the education is practical, self-directed, and relevant (Mukhalalati & Taylor, 2019). The theory will be used to inform the teaching plan as it will also help to include active participation, problem-solving activities, and even allow the participants to express their own experiences. Adult learning principles emphasize relevance, practical application, and learner engagement within healthcare settings, making this approach particularly effective for postpartum mothers who must integrate health information into daily caregiving routines (Mukhalalati & Taylor, 2019). Also, the program employs the constructivist concepts of learning that motivate the learner to connect new data with previous experiences to develop knowledge and memorize. The teaching strategies include:

1. PowerPoint Presentation: An informative and attractive visual presentation of the main nutrition guidelines, the necessity of hydration, the number of calories needed, and the foods that help with lactation. Examples of culturally relevant food and pictures will be provided.

2. Handouts: Summative nutrition brochures, sample meal plans, and hints on the sustainability of milk supply.

3. Interactive Discussion: Guided discussion to enable the participants to communicate experiences, pose questions, and clarify misunderstandings.

4. Demonstration: An interactive exercise in which the participants organize a one-day meal plan according to the nutrition instructions.

5. Evaluation: Short pre/post-test to determine the knowledge gains and the knowledge of nutritional concepts.

In making the provision of inclusivity, the educator will also take into consideration the dietary preferences of various cultures and offer substitute food to participants who may have religious or cultural dietary limitations. The participants will be made to share the difficulties associated with the intake of nutritious foods and measures will be provided to help address any obstacles. The teaching session will be scheduled at a time that minimizes conflicts with infant care responsibilities and supports a comfortable, low-distraction learning environment.

Educational Materials

The educational materials for this teaching session include:

· A PowerPoint presentation covering lactation-supportive nutrition, hydration, and postpartum wellness.

· Printed brochures summarizing key points and providing visual examples of nutrient-rich foods.

· Pre- and post-test forms to evaluate knowledge acquisition.

· Sample meal planning templates for participants to practice applying learned concepts.

The materials are designed to be culturally sensitive, visually appealing, and easy to understand, ensuring accessibility for participants with varying levels of health literacy.

References

Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. (2021). Nutrition and breastfeeding. https://www.eatright.org/health/pregnancy/breastfeeding

Anderson, E., & McFarlane, J. (2019). Community as partner: Theory and practice in nursing (7th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.

Bravi, F., Wiens, F., Decarli, A., Dal Pont, A., Agostoni, C., & Ferraroni, M. (2016). Impact of maternal nutrition on breast-milk composition: A systematic review. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 104(3), 646–662. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.120881

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Maternal nutrition and breastfeeding. https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding

Mukhalalati, B. A., & Taylor, A. (2019). Adult learning theories in context: A quick guide for healthcare professional educators. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development, 6, 2382120519840332. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2382120519840332

Victora, C. G., Bahl, R., Barros, A. J. D., França, G. V. A., Horton, S., Krasevec, J., … Rollins, N. C. (2016). Breastfeeding in the 21st century: Epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect. The Lancet, 387(10017), 475–490. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(15)01024-7/abstract

World Health Organization. (2020). Infant and young child feeding: Guidelines on optimal feeding practices. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241597494

Appendix

Teaching Plan Template

Objectives	Content	Time	Teaching Methods	Evaluation
Knowledge: List five nutrient-rich foods that enhance milk production	Nutrient-rich foods include leafy greens, lean proteins, whole grains, nuts, and fruits	10 min	PowerPoint slides, handout, discussion	To be completed in Part 2
Comprehension: Explain the relationship between maternal nutrition and breast milk quality	Importance of calories, protein, hydration, and micronutrients for milk composition and volume	10 min	PowerPoint slides, group discussion	To be completed in Part 2
Application: Develop a one-day meal plan supporting lactation	Guided meal planning using recommended foods, portion sizes, and hydration strategies	15 min	Demonstration, interactive activity, handouts	To be completed in Part 2

TeachingProjectGuidelines3.docx

ORIGINAL WORK ONLY

Population: Nursing Mothers

2. Module 6, Part 2 (15 Points): You must submit two documents: (1) APA paper Teaching Evaluation Paper and (2) the Teaching Plan Template with the evaluation column completed. (submit end of Module 6)

Module 6, Part 2: Evaluation of Teaching Experience (15 points) APA Paper

Within this formal APA formatted 2-3-page paper you are going to describe your teaching experience, describe your evaluation, discuss your observations. You will submit two documents.

Document #1: Teaching Evaluation Paper (15 points) APA Paper

1. Brief Summary of the topic you presented.

2. Evaluation of your teaching experience-provide an overview of how your teaching experience went; what when well, what didn’t, what challenges did you experience, what successes, etc.

3. Community response to your teaching-how did your community group respond to your teaching session; were they engaged, did they ask a lot of questions or did they fall asleep?

4. Areas of strengths-what where your greatest areas of strengths with your presentation?

5. Areas of needed improvement-what areas could you improve in?

6. Complete the evaluation column of your teaching plan to demonstrate that you met your learning objectives for your teaching session.

Document #1: Update your Teaching Plan Template with the evaluation column completed. If you changed your content, objectives, teaching methods/strategies, then update the Teaching Plan to include these changes and provide your actual evaluation findings. Attach updated teaching plan as an Appendix to your Teaching Evaluation paper.

Sample Teaching Plan Template (Follow the below format)

Objectives

Content

Time

Teaching methods

Evaluation

1. By the end of the teaching, 80% of participants will list 3 ways to reduce susceptibility to colds.

A. Reduce cold susceptibility

1. Good nutrition to boost immune system

2. Handwashing

3. Drink plenty of fluids

4. Don’t touch your face

5. Reduce stress

15 min

1. Power point slides

2. Handout

(see attached)

3. Discussion

4. Evaluation survey

100% of all participants listed 3 ways to reduce susceptibility to colds.

SampleTeachingPlan-1.docx

Sample Teaching Plan

Objectives

Content

Time

Teaching methods

Evaluation/Outcome

By the end of the teaching, 80% of participants will be able to:

1. List two ways to prevent foot harm

2. List 3 signs of hypoglycemia

3. List 2 consequences of poor foot care.

4. List 2 consequences of untreated hypoglycemia

By then end of the teaching, half of the participants will be able to:

1. Demonstrate one aspect of proper foot care

2. Identify 2 interventions to combat hypoglycemia

A Prevent foot harm:

1. Check feet daily

2. Wash feet Daily

3. Take care of toenails

4. Take care of feet.

5. Keep blood flowing well

B Signs of hypoglycemia

1. hunger

2. palpitation

3. sweating

4. weakness

5. disorientation

6. drowsiness

7. cold

8. blurred vision

C Consequences of poor foot care

1. amputation

2. diabetic ulcers

3. nerve damage

D Consequences of untreated hypoglycemia

1. neurologic damage

2. coma

3. death

E Aspects of Foot care

1. Look at tops and bottoms of feet

2. Use mild soap and lukewarm water to wash

3. Cut toenails after bathing

4. Wear cotton or wool socks.

F. Interventions to combat hypoglycemia

1. candies

2. soft colas

3. fruit juices

4. honey jam

5. white sugar

1. 2 minutes

2. 2 minutes

3. 2 minutes

4. 2 minutes

5. 5 minutes

6. 2 minutes

Total time 15 minutes

1. Handout (Brochure attached)

2. Discussion with client of the brochure

3. Demonstration with client

Brochures were handed out to all 57 participants.

41/57 participants diabetes themselves and reviewed the brochure.

31/41 of the participants recited signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and how to prevent foot harm.

25/41 of the participants listed consequences of hypoglycemia and poor foot care.

33/41 of the participants identified two interventions to combat hypoglycemia.

19/41 of the participants performed a demonstration of proper foot care.

TeachingProject-1.docx

7

Teaching Plan Part 1

Seanna Merrill

School of Nursing, University of North Carolina Wilmington

NSG-408: Population and Community Health Nursing

Melissa Kovich, Ph.D., MSN, RN

February 7, 2026

Target Population

The vulnerable group of this teaching project is the nursing mothers between the ages of 18 and 40 years who visit the maternal and child health program within a local community hospital. The sample is comprised of 12 people, all females of different ethnicities, such as African American, Hispanic, and Caucasian. The majority of the participants are already in the postpartum period, between 2 weeks and 6 months after birth. The respondents have different education levels, high school graduates, college graduates, and also have different levels of breastfeeding experience, with some being first-time mothers and others having breastfeeding experience.

Nursing mothers are a vulnerable group because of the physiological and psychosocial issues that are unique to lactation and postpartum recovery. An individual approach to their education is to provide information on proper nutrition to promote lactation, methods of ensuring sufficient milk supply, and ways of preventing common complications such as mastitis or insufficient milk production. Potential barriers to learning among this population include lack of time due to infant care responsibilities, fatigue, inability to access culturally suitable nutrition information, language barriers, and different health literacy. Besides emotional processes like postpartum mood swings, stress and anxiety can also affect the capacity to concentrate and remember information. Lack of access to nutritious foods and lactation support could be affected by socioeconomic factors such as limited financial means. Evidence demonstrates that maternal dietary intake directly influences breast milk composition and volume, reinforcing the importance of nutrition-focused education during the postpartum period (Bravi et al., 2016).

The learning needs of this population were assessed through informal needs assessment methods, including direct observation during prior group sessions, review of current maternal nutrition and lactation literature, and participant feedback from previous educational encounters. The education of health promotion and disease prevention addressing this population can enhance the maternal and infant health outcomes, the level of breastfeeding success, and the general well-being of mothers and babies.

Program Learning Outcome and Objectives

The general learning objective of this learning experience is that, at the conclusion of the learning session, the nursing mothers will be in a position to adopt evidence-based nutritional interventions to aid lactation and postpartum health. In addition to cognitive learning outcomes, the teaching session is designed to support maternal confidence and self-efficacy related to nutritional decision-making during lactation. The result corresponds with the objectives of the health promotion/disease prevention in that the outcome addresses nutritional behaviors, breastfeeding support, and maternal health in general. Breastfeeding education grounded in evidence-based nutritional guidance has been shown to improve maternal and infant health outcomes and supports long-term disease prevention efforts (Victora et al., 2016). To attain this learning outcome, the SMART objectives shown below were created using Bloom’s Taxonomy:

1. Knowledge (Cognitive Level): 80 percent of the participants, at the conclusion of the teaching session, will know five foods rich in nutrients that promote milk production.

2. Comprehension (Cognitive Level): 75 percent of the participants will be able to clarify the connection between the quality of maternal nutrition and that of breast milk by the end of the teaching session.

3. Application (Cognitive Level): 70 percent of the participants will know how to create a one-day meal plan that will promote sufficient lactation and postpartum recovery by the conclusion of the teaching session.

The objectives are quantifiable, achievable, and time-limited to make sure that the participants can show the knowledge acquisition, knowledge understanding, and its practical implementation.

Potential Challenges and Obstacles

Several challenges may arise during implementation of this teaching project. Cultural and ethnic differences in feeding habits, beliefs regarding breastfeeding, and attitudes to postpartum recovery are population-specific issues. To illustrate, certain participants might adhere to the cultural dietary limitations that may affect their food preferences, whereas others might use family traditions as the source of infant feeding guidance that may or may not be consistent with evidence-based practice.

Educator-Related Barriers

Educator-related barriers include limited instructional time, availability of culturally relevant educational resources, and the need to adapt teaching strategies to diverse learning styles. Additionally, educators may face challenges in delivering concise yet comprehensive content while maintaining participant engagement in a group setting with competing demands, such as infant care needs. Addressing these barriers requires intentional lesson planning and flexible teaching approaches to ensure effective knowledge transfer.

Learner-Related Barriers

The barriers associated with learners are fatigue, being distracted by infant care duties, and the difference in health literacy levels. Limited technological literacy can also affect participant engagement in dealing with digital resources like online handouts or videos.

The teaching plan has included several strategies to overcome these difficulties, such as visual aids, handouts, interactive discussions, and demonstrations. To improve understanding, simplified language and culturally-related examples will be employed. Interpreters or bilingual educational materials will be available in case of the need to accommodate non-English speaking participants. Participation strategies will involve group discussions, questions and answers, and practical exercises, which will involve the development of sample meal plans and reviewing the techniques of breastfeeding.

Teaching or Project Strategies

The theory behind the methods that can be used to teach this program is the Adult Learning Theory (Andragogy), which states that adults are driven to learn when the education is practical, self-directed, and relevant (Mukhalalati & Taylor, 2019). The theory will be used to inform the teaching plan as it will also help to include active participation, problem-solving activities, and even allow the participants to express their own experiences. Adult learning principles emphasize relevance, practical application, and learner engagement within healthcare settings, making this approach particularly effective for postpartum mothers who must integrate health information into daily caregiving routines (Mukhalalati & Taylor, 2019). Also, the program employs the constructivist concepts of learning that motivate the learner to connect new data with previous experiences to develop knowledge and memorize. The teaching strategies include:

1. PowerPoint Presentation: An informative and attractive visual presentation of the main nutrition guidelines, the necessity of hydration, the number of calories needed, and the foods that help with lactation. Examples of culturally relevant food and pictures will be provided.

2. Handouts: Summative nutrition brochures, sample meal plans, and hints on the sustainability of milk supply.

3. Interactive Discussion: Guided discussion to enable the participants to communicate experiences, pose questions, and clarify misunderstandings.

4. Demonstration: An interactive exercise in which the participants organize a one-day meal plan according to the nutrition instructions.

5. Evaluation: Short pre/post-test to determine the knowledge gains and the knowledge of nutritional concepts.

In making the provision of inclusivity, the educator will also take into consideration the dietary preferences of various cultures and offer substitute food to participants who may have religious or cultural dietary limitations. The participants will be made to share the difficulties associated with the intake of nutritious foods and measures will be provided to help address any obstacles. The teaching session will be scheduled at a time that minimizes conflicts with infant care responsibilities and supports a comfortable, low-distraction learning environment.

Educational Materials

The educational materials for this teaching session include:

· A PowerPoint presentation covering lactation-supportive nutrition, hydration, and postpartum wellness.

· Printed brochures summarizing key points and providing visual examples of nutrient-rich foods.

· Pre- and post-test forms to evaluate knowledge acquisition.

· Sample meal planning templates for participants to practice applying learned concepts.

The materials are designed to be culturally sensitive, visually appealing, and easy to understand, ensuring accessibility for participants with varying levels of health literacy.

References

Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. (2021). Nutrition and breastfeeding. https://www.eatright.org/health/pregnancy/breastfeeding

Anderson, E., & McFarlane, J. (2019). Community as partner: Theory and practice in nursing (7th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.

Bravi, F., Wiens, F., Decarli, A., Dal Pont, A., Agostoni, C., & Ferraroni, M. (2016). Impact of maternal nutrition on breast-milk composition: A systematic review. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 104(3), 646–662. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.120881

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Maternal nutrition and breastfeeding. https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding

Mukhalalati, B. A., & Taylor, A. (2019). Adult learning theories in context: A quick guide for healthcare professional educators. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development, 6, 2382120519840332. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2382120519840332

Victora, C. G., Bahl, R., Barros, A. J. D., França, G. V. A., Horton, S., Krasevec, J., … Rollins, N. C. (2016). Breastfeeding in the 21st century: Epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect. The Lancet, 387(10017), 475–490. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(15)01024-7/abstract

World Health Organization. (2020). Infant and young child feeding: Guidelines on optimal feeding practices. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241597494

Appendix

Teaching Plan Template

Objectives	Content	Time	Teaching Methods	Evaluation
Knowledge: List five nutrient-rich foods that enhance milk production	Nutrient-rich foods include leafy greens, lean proteins, whole grains, nuts, and fruits	10 min	PowerPoint slides, handout, discussion	To be completed in Part 2
Comprehension: Explain the relationship between maternal nutrition and breast milk quality	Importance of calories, protein, hydration, and micronutrients for milk composition and volume	10 min	PowerPoint slides, group discussion	To be completed in Part 2
Application: Develop a one-day meal plan supporting lactation	Guided meal planning using recommended foods, portion sizes, and hydration strategies	15 min	Demonstration, interactive activity, handouts	To be completed in Part 2

TeachingProjectGuidelines3.docx

ORIGINAL WORK ONLY

Population: Nursing Mothers

2. Module 6, Part 2 (15 Points): You must submit two documents: (1) APA paper Teaching Evaluation Paper and (2) the Teaching Plan Template with the evaluation column completed. (submit end of Module 6)

Module 6, Part 2: Evaluation of Teaching Experience (15 points) APA Paper

Within this formal APA formatted 2-3-page paper you are going to describe your teaching experience, describe your evaluation, discuss your observations. You will submit two documents.

Document #1: Teaching Evaluation Paper (15 points) APA Paper

1. Brief Summary of the topic you presented.

2. Evaluation of your teaching experience-provide an overview of how your teaching experience went; what when well, what didn’t, what challenges did you experience, what successes, etc.

3. Community response to your teaching-how did your community group respond to your teaching session; were they engaged, did they ask a lot of questions or did they fall asleep?

4. Areas of strengths-what where your greatest areas of strengths with your presentation?

5. Areas of needed improvement-what areas could you improve in?

6. Complete the evaluation column of your teaching plan to demonstrate that you met your learning objectives for your teaching session.

Document #1: Update your Teaching Plan Template with the evaluation column completed. If you changed your content, objectives, teaching methods/strategies, then update the Teaching Plan to include these changes and provide your actual evaluation findings. Attach updated teaching plan as an Appendix to your Teaching Evaluation paper.

Sample Teaching Plan Template (Follow the below format)

Objectives

Content

Time

Teaching methods

Evaluation

1. By the end of the teaching, 80% of participants will list 3 ways to reduce susceptibility to colds.

A. Reduce cold susceptibility

1. Good nutrition to boost immune system

2. Handwashing

3. Drink plenty of fluids

4. Don’t touch your face

5. Reduce stress

15 min

1. Power point slides

2. Handout

(see attached)

3. Discussion

4. Evaluation survey

100% of all participants listed 3 ways to reduce susceptibility to colds.

SampleTeachingPlan-1.docx

Sample Teaching Plan

Objectives

Content

Time

Teaching methods

Evaluation/Outcome

By the end of the teaching, 80% of participants will be able to:

1. List two ways to prevent foot harm

2. List 3 signs of hypoglycemia

3. List 2 consequences of poor foot care.

4. List 2 consequences of untreated hypoglycemia

By then end of the teaching, half of the participants will be able to:

1. Demonstrate one aspect of proper foot care

2. Identify 2 interventions to combat hypoglycemia

A Prevent foot harm:

1. Check feet daily

2. Wash feet Daily

3. Take care of toenails

4. Take care of feet.

5. Keep blood flowing well

B Signs of hypoglycemia

1. hunger

2. palpitation

3. sweating

4. weakness

5. disorientation

6. drowsiness

7. cold

8. blurred vision

C Consequences of poor foot care

1. amputation

2. diabetic ulcers

3. nerve damage

D Consequences of untreated hypoglycemia

1. neurologic damage

2. coma

3. death

E Aspects of Foot care

1. Look at tops and bottoms of feet

2. Use mild soap and lukewarm water to wash

3. Cut toenails after bathing

4. Wear cotton or wool socks.

F. Interventions to combat hypoglycemia

1. candies

2. soft colas

3. fruit juices

4. honey jam

5. white sugar

1. 2 minutes

2. 2 minutes

3. 2 minutes

4. 2 minutes

5. 5 minutes

6. 2 minutes

Total time 15 minutes

1. Handout (Brochure attached)

2. Discussion with client of the brochure

3. Demonstration with client

Brochures were handed out to all 57 participants.

41/57 participants diabetes themselves and reviewed the brochure.

31/41 of the participants recited signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and how to prevent foot harm.

25/41 of the participants listed consequences of hypoglycemia and poor foot care.

33/41 of the participants identified two interventions to combat hypoglycemia.

19/41 of the participants performed a demonstration of proper foot care.

TeachingProject-1.docx

7

Teaching Plan Part 1

Seanna Merrill

School of Nursing, University of North Carolina Wilmington

NSG-408: Population and Community Health Nursing

Melissa Kovich, Ph.D., MSN, RN

February 7, 2026

Target Population

The vulnerable group of this teaching project is the nursing mothers between the ages of 18 and 40 years who visit the maternal and child health program within a local community hospital. The sample is comprised of 12 people, all females of different ethnicities, such as African American, Hispanic, and Caucasian. The majority of the participants are already in the postpartum period, between 2 weeks and 6 months after birth. The respondents have different education levels, high school graduates, college graduates, and also have different levels of breastfeeding experience, with some being first-time mothers and others having breastfeeding experience.

Nursing mothers are a vulnerable group because of the physiological and psychosocial issues that are unique to lactation and postpartum recovery. An individual approach to their education is to provide information on proper nutrition to promote lactation, methods of ensuring sufficient milk supply, and ways of preventing common complications such as mastitis or insufficient milk production. Potential barriers to learning among this population include lack of time due to infant care responsibilities, fatigue, inability to access culturally suitable nutrition information, language barriers, and different health literacy. Besides emotional processes like postpartum mood swings, stress and anxiety can also affect the capacity to concentrate and remember information. Lack of access to nutritious foods and lactation support could be affected by socioeconomic factors such as limited financial means. Evidence demonstrates that maternal dietary intake directly influences breast milk composition and volume, reinforcing the importance of nutrition-focused education during the postpartum period (Bravi et al., 2016).

The learning needs of this population were assessed through informal needs assessment methods, including direct observation during prior group sessions, review of current maternal nutrition and lactation literature, and participant feedback from previous educational encounters. The education of health promotion and disease prevention addressing this population can enhance the maternal and infant health outcomes, the level of breastfeeding success, and the general well-being of mothers and babies.

Program Learning Outcome and Objectives

The general learning objective of this learning experience is that, at the conclusion of the learning session, the nursing mothers will be in a position to adopt evidence-based nutritional interventions to aid lactation and postpartum health. In addition to cognitive learning outcomes, the teaching session is designed to support maternal confidence and self-efficacy related to nutritional decision-making during lactation. The result corresponds with the objectives of the health promotion/disease prevention in that the outcome addresses nutritional behaviors, breastfeeding support, and maternal health in general. Breastfeeding education grounded in evidence-based nutritional guidance has been shown to improve maternal and infant health outcomes and supports long-term disease prevention efforts (Victora et al., 2016). To attain this learning outcome, the SMART objectives shown below were created using Bloom’s Taxonomy:

1. Knowledge (Cognitive Level): 80 percent of the participants, at the conclusion of the teaching session, will know five foods rich in nutrients that promote milk production.

2. Comprehension (Cognitive Level): 75 percent of the participants will be able to clarify the connection between the quality of maternal nutrition and that of breast milk by the end of the teaching session.

3. Application (Cognitive Level): 70 percent of the participants will know how to create a one-day meal plan that will promote sufficient lactation and postpartum recovery by the conclusion of the teaching session.

The objectives are quantifiable, achievable, and time-limited to make sure that the participants can show the knowledge acquisition, knowledge understanding, and its practical implementation.

Potential Challenges and Obstacles

Several challenges may arise during implementation of this teaching project. Cultural and ethnic differences in feeding habits, beliefs regarding breastfeeding, and attitudes to postpartum recovery are population-specific issues. To illustrate, certain participants might adhere to the cultural dietary limitations that may affect their food preferences, whereas others might use family traditions as the source of infant feeding guidance that may or may not be consistent with evidence-based practice.

Educator-Related Barriers

Educator-related barriers include limited instructional time, availability of culturally relevant educational resources, and the need to adapt teaching strategies to diverse learning styles. Additionally, educators may face challenges in delivering concise yet comprehensive content while maintaining participant engagement in a group setting with competing demands, such as infant care needs. Addressing these barriers requires intentional lesson planning and flexible teaching approaches to ensure effective knowledge transfer.

Learner-Related Barriers

The barriers associated with learners are fatigue, being distracted by infant care duties, and the difference in health literacy levels. Limited technological literacy can also affect participant engagement in dealing with digital resources like online handouts or videos.

The teaching plan has included several strategies to overcome these difficulties, such as visual aids, handouts, interactive discussions, and demonstrations. To improve understanding, simplified language and culturally-related examples will be employed. Interpreters or bilingual educational materials will be available in case of the need to accommodate non-English speaking participants. Participation strategies will involve group discussions, questions and answers, and practical exercises, which will involve the development of sample meal plans and reviewing the techniques of breastfeeding.

Teaching or Project Strategies

The theory behind the methods that can be used to teach this program is the Adult Learning Theory (Andragogy), which states that adults are driven to learn when the education is practical, self-directed, and relevant (Mukhalalati & Taylor, 2019). The theory will be used to inform the teaching plan as it will also help to include active participation, problem-solving activities, and even allow the participants to express their own experiences. Adult learning principles emphasize relevance, practical application, and learner engagement within healthcare settings, making this approach particularly effective for postpartum mothers who must integrate health information into daily caregiving routines (Mukhalalati & Taylor, 2019). Also, the program employs the constructivist concepts of learning that motivate the learner to connect new data with previous experiences to develop knowledge and memorize. The teaching strategies include:

1. PowerPoint Presentation: An informative and attractive visual presentation of the main nutrition guidelines, the necessity of hydration, the number of calories needed, and the foods that help with lactation. Examples of culturally relevant food and pictures will be provided.

2. Handouts: Summative nutrition brochures, sample meal plans, and hints on the sustainability of milk supply.

3. Interactive Discussion: Guided discussion to enable the participants to communicate experiences, pose questions, and clarify misunderstandings.

4. Demonstration: An interactive exercise in which the participants organize a one-day meal plan according to the nutrition instructions.

5. Evaluation: Short pre/post-test to determine the knowledge gains and the knowledge of nutritional concepts.

In making the provision of inclusivity, the educator will also take into consideration the dietary preferences of various cultures and offer substitute food to participants who may have religious or cultural dietary limitations. The participants will be made to share the difficulties associated with the intake of nutritious foods and measures will be provided to help address any obstacles. The teaching session will be scheduled at a time that minimizes conflicts with infant care responsibilities and supports a comfortable, low-distraction learning environment.

Educational Materials

The educational materials for this teaching session include:

· A PowerPoint presentation covering lactation-supportive nutrition, hydration, and postpartum wellness.

· Printed brochures summarizing key points and providing visual examples of nutrient-rich foods.

· Pre- and post-test forms to evaluate knowledge acquisition.

· Sample meal planning templates for participants to practice applying learned concepts.

The materials are designed to be culturally sensitive, visually appealing, and easy to understand, ensuring accessibility for participants with varying levels of health literacy.

References

Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. (2021). Nutrition and breastfeeding. https://www.eatright.org/health/pregnancy/breastfeeding

Anderson, E., & McFarlane, J. (2019). Community as partner: Theory and practice in nursing (7th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.

Bravi, F., Wiens, F., Decarli, A., Dal Pont, A., Agostoni, C., & Ferraroni, M. (2016). Impact of maternal nutrition on breast-milk composition: A systematic review. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 104(3), 646–662. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.120881

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Maternal nutrition and breastfeeding. https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding

Mukhalalati, B. A., & Taylor, A. (2019). Adult learning theories in context: A quick guide for healthcare professional educators. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development, 6, 2382120519840332. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2382120519840332

Victora, C. G., Bahl, R., Barros, A. J. D., França, G. V. A., Horton, S., Krasevec, J., … Rollins, N. C. (2016). Breastfeeding in the 21st century: Epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect. The Lancet, 387(10017), 475–490. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(15)01024-7/abstract

World Health Organization. (2020). Infant and young child feeding: Guidelines on optimal feeding practices. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241597494

Appendix

Teaching Plan Template

Objectives	Content	Time	Teaching Methods	Evaluation
Knowledge: List five nutrient-rich foods that enhance milk production	Nutrient-rich foods include leafy greens, lean proteins, whole grains, nuts, and fruits	10 min	PowerPoint slides, handout, discussion	To be completed in Part 2
Comprehension: Explain the relationship between maternal nutrition and breast milk quality	Importance of calories, protein, hydration, and micronutrients for milk composition and volume	10 min	PowerPoint slides, group discussion	To be completed in Part 2
Application: Develop a one-day meal plan supporting lactation	Guided meal planning using recommended foods, portion sizes, and hydration strategies	15 min	Demonstration, interactive activity, handouts	To be completed in Part 2

TeachingProjectGuidelines3.docx

SampleTeachingPlan-1.docx

TeachingProject-1.docx

TeachingProjectGuidelines3.docx

SampleTeachingPlan-1.docx

TeachingProject-1.docx

Teaching Plan Part 1 Seanna Merrill School of Nursing, University of North Carolina Wilmington NSG-408: Population and Community Health Nursing Melissa Kovich, Ph.D., MSN, RN

February 7, 2026

Target Population

Program Learning Outcome and Objectives

Potential Challenges and Obstacles

Teaching or Project Strategies

Educational Materials

References

Appendix

Teaching Plan Template

TeachingProjectGuidelines3.docx

Teaching Plan Part 1

Seanna Merrill

School of Nursing, University of North Carolina Wilmington

NSG-408: Population and Community Health Nursing

Melissa Kovich, Ph.D., MSN, RN