Nursing Help with homework

Lawrence Silver posted Oct 20, 2024 11:47 PM

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Lung cancer is deemed the most preventable cancer. Studies have shown that 90% of diagnosed lung cancers could have been prevented. The prevention would be due to life style changes; more exact, smoking cessation. While this is the single greatest preventable risk factor for lung cancer, other environmental issues exist that are not so readily modifiable.

Pathophysiology

            Those diagnosed with lung cancer experience cellular changes either resulting from changes in squamous cell or metaplasia to carcinoma in their original places. Bronchi tumors produce more mucus than those found in other tissue. As the tumors continue to grow partial or total airway obstruction occurs. Lobe collapse eventually occurs. When it does, it can be found distal to the tumor. Eventually the cancer(s) metastasize and involving other organ tissues. This metastasis may occur in the kidneys, adrenal glands or liver. The most commons metastasis occurs in either the brain or the liver.

Risk Factors

            Tobacco smoking is attributed to almost 90% of all lung cancer. This cancer studies has shown either first hand or second hand smoke is a primary source. The cancer occurs due to pulmonary fibrosis and radiation. Radiation includes: radon, radiation therapies along with CT scans. Other risk factors may be exposure to carcinogenic air pollutants and/or industrial air pollutants. Industrial pollutants include: coal dust, nickel, soot, asbestos, arsenic, chromium, iron oxides, beryllium, uranium, radioactive dust and tar in the workplace. Genetics plays a role in contracting lung cancer, as well.

Prevention and Screening

            The greatest prevention is never starting to smoke. The next best prevention to lung cancer is smoking cessation; though this is not guaranteed. Making certain a person has low exposure to radon minimizes chances of acquiring the disease. This can be accomplished with home testing kits. As well, lowering a person’s exposure to work air pollutants is a good prevention.

            There is no particular screening for lung cancer. There are tests to confirm the cancer, should signs and symptoms appear. These tests are used to determine how aggressive the cancer has become and what stage it may currently be in. Diagnostics for lung care are the following: cytologic sputum analysis, CBC with differential, LST testing, Ca level testing, peak flow may reveal airway obstruction, x-rays, brachial tree contrast studies, biopsy surgery of the lung tissue, PET scan, bone scan, thorax CT scan, MRI and gallium scan to name a few.

Treatment Options

            Available treatment option depend on what stage the cancer is occurring, the cell type, patient condition and how the disease has spread. Non-small cell lung cancer medication therapies generally are donevia chemotherapy. These drugs may consist of any of the following: carboplatin, cisplatin, etoposide phosphate, pemetrexed disodium, vinorelbine tartrate, docetaxel, gemcitabine hydrochloride, paclitaxel protein-bound particles, and paclitaxed. Immunotherapy treatments relay on the use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.

Taimara Moody posted Oct 19, 2024 5:26 AM

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Lung cancer

      Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, accounting for approximately 12.4% of all cancers diagnosed worldwide, and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. (Siddiqui, e.t al 2023). Lung cancer neoplasm that mutate cells and invade the lung tissues. The malignant cells spread to other locations by local invasion, the lymphatic system, or blood vessels. Somewhere in the respiratory system, a single altered epithelial cell gives rise to lung cancer. This cell becomes attached to a carcinogen, which damages its DNA. As a result, the cell grows abnormally.

              The leading risk factor of lung cancer is exposure tobacco smoke and other ones include radiation, radon, asbestos, mustard gas, etc.  Having a family history of cancer can increase your chance of having cancer. Reducing tobacco use and educating people about the harmful effects of secondhand smoke are the main ways to prevent lung cancer. To reduce the overall prevalence of smoking, occupational health settings should offer health promotion activities. It is also important to educate workers about their occupational risk for lung cancer and the steps they can take to prevent respiratory exposures. The community can also receive preventive screening through health fairs and smoking cessation programs. One of the screening is LDCT which can help detect lung cancer early. Those who are between age 50 and 80, had 20 pack a year or more and those quit in the past 15 years.

            Radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or surgery are our three available treatment options for lung cancer. Prior to surgery, radiation therapy can be used to assist reduce tumor size. The main treatment for all forms of systemic lung cancer is chemotherapy. Surgical procedures include lobectomies, which remove a portion of the lung, and pneumonectomy, which removes the entire lung.

Lawrence Silver posted Oct 20, 2024 11:47 PM

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Lung cancer is deemed the most preventable cancer. Studies have shown that 90% of diagnosed lung cancers could have been prevented. The prevention would be due to life style changes; more exact, smoking cessation. While this is the single greatest preventable risk factor for lung cancer, other environmental issues exist that are not so readily modifiable.

Pathophysiology

            Those diagnosed with lung cancer experience cellular changes either resulting from changes in squamous cell or metaplasia to carcinoma in their original places. Bronchi tumors produce more mucus than those found in other tissue. As the tumors continue to grow partial or total airway obstruction occurs. Lobe collapse eventually occurs. When it does, it can be found distal to the tumor. Eventually the cancer(s) metastasize and involving other organ tissues. This metastasis may occur in the kidneys, adrenal glands or liver. The most commons metastasis occurs in either the brain or the liver.

Risk Factors

            Tobacco smoking is attributed to almost 90% of all lung cancer. This cancer studies has shown either first hand or second hand smoke is a primary source. The cancer occurs due to pulmonary fibrosis and radiation. Radiation includes: radon, radiation therapies along with CT scans. Other risk factors may be exposure to carcinogenic air pollutants and/or industrial air pollutants. Industrial pollutants include: coal dust, nickel, soot, asbestos, arsenic, chromium, iron oxides, beryllium, uranium, radioactive dust and tar in the workplace. Genetics plays a role in contracting lung cancer, as well.

Prevention and Screening

            The greatest prevention is never starting to smoke. The next best prevention to lung cancer is smoking cessation; though this is not guaranteed. Making certain a person has low exposure to radon minimizes chances of acquiring the disease. This can be accomplished with home testing kits. As well, lowering a person’s exposure to work air pollutants is a good prevention.

            There is no particular screening for lung cancer. There are tests to confirm the cancer, should signs and symptoms appear. These tests are used to determine how aggressive the cancer has become and what stage it may currently be in. Diagnostics for lung care are the following: cytologic sputum analysis, CBC with differential, LST testing, Ca level testing, peak flow may reveal airway obstruction, x-rays, brachial tree contrast studies, biopsy surgery of the lung tissue, PET scan, bone scan, thorax CT scan, MRI and gallium scan to name a few.

Treatment Options

            Available treatment option depend on what stage the cancer is occurring, the cell type, patient condition and how the disease has spread. Non-small cell lung cancer medication therapies generally are donevia chemotherapy. These drugs may consist of any of the following: carboplatin, cisplatin, etoposide phosphate, pemetrexed disodium, vinorelbine tartrate, docetaxel, gemcitabine hydrochloride, paclitaxel protein-bound particles, and paclitaxed. Immunotherapy treatments relay on the use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.