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This institution seeks to instill and develop in our students a specific leadership style known as authentic servant leadership, which we define as “serving and influencing as an engaged citizen grounded in civility and respect for others.”

The students of today are the leaders of tomorrow. Therefore, whether referring to leadership in families, communities, businesses, schools, government, or simply practicing personal leadership, we believe that our shared future can be improved with more authentic servant leaders who exhibit the characteristics detailed on the following slides.

For more information and advice on displaying authenticity, visit the page linked below (also linked in the “Important Class Resources” section above week 1):

How Do You ‘Display Authenticity?’ 2

Authentic Servant Leadership Skills:

 Humility  Civility  Emotional intelligence  Empathy  Critical thinking  Ethical thinking  Effective Communication

An Authentic Servant Leader…

 desires to serve something greater than him/herself

 demonstrates ethical and moral integrity  shows empathy towards others  exhibits self-awareness and self-discipline  demonstrates civility in civil discourse  builds relationships on trust and mutual

respect  empowers others to grow, succeed, and

develop personal courage  creates value for the organization and gives

back to the community

3

Simply put, humility is the quality of being humble. Exercising humility frees us from arrogance; we admit when we don’t know something and acknowledge that we can always improve. This allows us to be better aware of our weaknesses and faults. Authentic servant leaders display genuine gratitude and a lack of pride.

Consider some of the fictional characters you may have read about over the years. Can you think of any who provide positive examples of humility? Alternately, can you think of any characters who provide poor examples of humility? How did their lack of humility affect them or the people around them? Finally, what might you do to more consistently show humility in your own life?

4

One of the most important traits of an authentic servant leader is civility- the ability to remain respectful and conduct oneself with decorum even in difficult circumstances. Authentic servant leaders confront uncomfortable situations in a way that maintains the dignity of both their position as well as the people around them. Civility means practicing courtesy, politeness, mutual respect, fairness, good manners, and a willingness to peacefully engage with the perspectives of others- even and especially when one disagrees with them. We don’t always have to agree, but as leaders, we must listen- and that starts by giving others the opportunity to be heard.

Discussion forums and live sessions are great ways for English students to practice civility in online courses. When discussing ideas and opinions with classmates or the professor, students should never belittle opposing views or disrespect the people who said them. It can be more constructive and beneficial to engage ideas or opinions with which you disagree- opposing views aren’t always best left ignored- but when doing so, remain polite and respectful.

5

Emotional intelligence is defined as one’s ability to identify, understand, and manage one’s emotions. The ability to regulate emotions and avoid impulsive decisions is a critical component of leadership.

More specifically, a key element of emotional intelligence is empathy: the ability to be aware of and sensitive to the needs of others. While we can’t always control how others feel or behave, we are better able to understand others when we imagine ourselves in their position. The ability to validate others’ emotions and experience is a vital aspect of authentic servant leadership.

Display empathy in your interactions with faculty, staff, and students, whether in email, over the phone, or during live sessions. Remember, empathy should not be something we turn on or off depending on the situation, or only when we are clearly aware that empathy is warranted; it should be the default approach when interacting with others in personal and professional situations.

6

Critical thinking allows leaders to make informed decisions and sound judgments based on available and reliable information. It involves the ability to question, analyze, interpret, and evaluate the things one reads, hears, says, and writes. It is crucial that authentic servant leaders make clear, rational decisions based on evidence, and that they are able to carefully question their own thought process for things like bias or a lack of information. If we only approach ideas or challenges in terms of our existing assumptions, beliefs, and conclusions, we do not effectively learn or grow as leaders.

English courses are ideal for building critical thinking skills because they involve writing arguments, locating reliable sources, and drawing inferences and conclusions from ambiguous texts. As you read assigned literature during the quarter, ask yourself not just what certain characters are doing, but why and how they do these things– and how your own experiences may inform why you think about these characters or themes the way you do.

7

Ethical thinking is a type of critical thinking that uses ethical principles to make informed decisions. Ethics guides us to tell the truth, keep our promises, and act with honor. Educator and author Peter Drucker, whose work was highly influential in modern management, once wrote, “Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right thing.” Similarly, one way we might better understand these concepts is that critical thinking leads us to think about things the right way, while ethical thinking compels us to do the right things.

One ideal way to practice ethics as a student is to avoid plagiarism and other forms of academic dishonesty in your coursework, and to always observe the Honor Code: “I shall not lie, cheat, steal, or tolerate those who do.” Review the “Ethics” section in the Course Syllabus for more information.

8

Effective communication is at the center of successful servant leadership. Leaders must be aware of what they want to achieve and how they are communicating their goals and ideas to others. Communication is most effective when leaders understand the people with whom they are talking, to whom they are listening, and for whom they are speaking– but this type of communication cannot happen unless they are authentically practicing the other servant leadership skills mentioned in the previous slides.

As you know, a key goal in English courses is to help students communicate more effectively. However, effective communication isn’t just about grammar/ mechanics, MLA format, or the ability to analyze texts– it’s also about sharing your ideas and opinions clearly and respectfully, and writing with a specific audience in mind. 9

Works Cited Entry Structure:

“Title of Presentation.” Website Name, Date of Access (the day/month/year you most recently accessed

this material), URL.

In-Text Citation Structure:

(“Title,” slide #)

Quoting Material in This PowerPoint:

If quoting any of the explanatory content on these slides, quote normally and cite the slide # of the quote in your in-text citation. If borrowing one of the specific quotes provided by authors or historical figures, you should give credit to the actual person who originally said those words. Then, provide the source title and slide # in your in-text citation after the quote, but add “quoted in” or “qtd. in” in parentheses to show that your quotation was included within a larger source not written by the author of the quote.

Examples:

Empathy is a vital aspect of leadership because “we are better able to understand others when we imagine ourselves in their position” (“Authentic Servant Leadership,” slide 6).

As Martin Luther King Jr. once said, “The time is always right to do what is right” (quoted in “Authentic Servant Leadership,” slide 8).

At left are templates and examples that help explain MLA quotations, in-text citations, and works cited entry formats for this source.

10

Bloom's Literature

Sunzi

Sunzi was a native of the Qi (Ch'i) state who worked as a military adviser of the kingdom of Wu ruler, He Lu. Not much is known about Sunzi's early life, as there are few existing works containing only scant biographical information; however, an anecdote of how he came to the Wu king's attention is contained in the work of Sima Qian (Ssu-Ma Ch'ien), the grand chronicler of pre-Han China. As the story goes, Sunzi was asked to demonstrate how he could put his theories of military organization into practice. Sunzi convinced the Wu king of his ability when he was able to transform a cohort of the king's concubines into an organized and disciplined drill unit. Scholars have estimated that this incident probably occurred not long after He Lu came to the throne.

According to Sima Qian and the Shiji (Shi-chi), Sunzi most probably died before his patron's death in 496 B.C.E. The last time Sunzi was mentioned was in connection with his role in assisting He Lu in his defeat of the Qu (Ch'ü) state in 512 B.C.E. Sunzi's greatest legacy is his composition on military strategies, titled Ping-fa (The Art of War). In his translation and commentary on Sunzi's work, Lionel Giles praises the author's genius: "They [Sunzi's words] reflect the mind not only of a born strategist, gifted with a rare faculty of generalisation, but also of a practical soldier closely acquainted with the military conditions of his time."

The Art of War represents the work of an experienced warrior. This has led to speculation that Sunzi began to write this work close to the end of his career when He Lu's military adviser. The work contains 13 chapters, each one examining a particular military topic or strategy. The Art of War is not merely a collection of sound and effective military plans and strategies; it is also a historical text that describes the events and personalities of Sunzi's lifetime. In two passages, for example, Sunzi refers to the size of the armies of the Wu kingdom and its adversaries, the Yueh.

Sunzi's work attained recognition and status from not only his contemporaries but also later generations of famous generals and warriors. Military leaders, including Han Xin (Han Hsin) and Yue Fei (Yueh Fei), learned much from The Art of War and acknowledged their debt to it. Even purely literary men such as Su Shi's father, Su Xun, paid compliments to the great strategist.

The scholar Zheng Hou (Cheng Hou) also praised Sunzi in this extract contained in Impartial Judgements in the Garden of Literature:

6/21/24, 10:12 AM History - Print - Sunzi

https://online-infobase-com.us1.proxy.openathens.net/HRC/Search/Print?assetId=40760&assetType=article 1/2

Citation Information

Sun Tzu's 13 chapters are not only the staple and base of all military men's training, but also compel the most careful attention of scholars and men of letters. His sayings are terse yet elegant, simple yet profound, perspicuous and eminently practical. Such works as the Lun Yu, the I Ching and the great Commentary, as well as the writings of Mencius, Hsun Kuang and Yang Chu, all fall below the level of Sun Tzu.

Sunzi's work continues to influence present-day society, in both military and commercial matters. Modern writers have tried to adapt Sunzi's ingenious cunning to the new competitive age of commerce and international business. Examples include Mark McNeilly's work Sun Tzu and the Art of Business: Six Strategic Principles for Managers and Check Teck Foo and Peter Grinyer's book Organizing Strategy: Sun Tzu's Business Warcraft. Further Information

An English Version of a Work by Sunzi

The Art of War. Translated by Lionel Giles. Singapore: Graham Brash, 1988.

Works about Sunzi

Foo, Check Teck and Peter Grinyer. Organizing Strategy: Sun Tzu's Business Warcraft. Boston and Singapore: B-H. Asia, 1994.

McNeilly, Mark. Sun Tzu and the Art of Business: Six Strategic Principles for Managers. Washington, D.C.: National Defense University Press, 1997.

———. Sun Tzu and the Art of Modern Warfare. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.

Zi Chang Tang. Principles of Conflict: Recompilation and New English Translation with Annotation on Sunzi's Art of War. San Rafael, Calif.: T. C. Press, 1969.

Boucquey, Thierry. “Sunzi.” Encyclopedia of World Writers, Beginnings through the 13th Century, Facts On File, 2005. Bloomʼs Literature, online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?aid=100535&itemid=WE54&articleId=40760.

Copyright © 2024 Infobase Learning. All Rights Reserved.

6/21/24, 10:12 AM History - Print - Sunzi

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How to Write a Response Paper

Before you begin…

 Read the literature you’ve been assigned. While it may be tempting to just browse the story or class discussions, or find an online summary somewhere, the information you’ll get there is never going to be in-depth enough to write a great paper (or probably even a good one!). There’s no substitute for reading. Shocking, I know! :)

 Read the paper instructions carefully, and keep your class resources in mind should you need them. These include the How-To Guide: MLA Formatting and Citations page, and the free tutoring available to all online students at SmarThinking. Both of these resources are linked on the main class page, above week 1.

 Read the literature again. Have you ever noticed that when you watch a movie a second time, you tend to notice things you didn’t at first? It works the same way with literature– when we read a story once, we are mostly registering the basic plot, and we read to the end to find out what happens. However, additional readings can help you better understand why and how these events and actions occurred- and meaningfully addressing how/why questions is the key to effective literary analysis.

Composing Your

Response:

Step 1

 Read the prompt. Consider what’s being asked of you. It might be helpful to highlight the action items in your chosen prompt.

 Example: For this assignment, answer the question: what is the most important film of all time, and why? Remember to consider cultural impact and box office earnings in your response.

Step 2

 Brainstorm/Outline. Think about how you will answer the prompt, and what your main argument (thesis) could be.

 Example thesis: Star Wars is the most important film of all time.

 Example supporting ideas

-One of the first blockbusters

-Still culturally important (lots of spin-offs in various media)

-Led to ‘tentpole’ filmmaking

Step 3

 Step 3: Research and Support. Look over the text and see how your main points can be supported or explained with examples from the story and/or outside sources.

Example:  -One of the first blockbusters

 --Made the most of any film at the time ( Empire of Dreams: The Story of the Star Wars Trilogy. Star Wars Trilogy Box Set DVD documentary. [2004].

 -Still culturally important, lots of spin-offs  --6 films, many television shows, etc.

 -Led to tentpole filmmaking  --https://gideonsway.wordpress.com/2013/11/23/what-is-the-

difference-between-a-blockbuster-and-tentpole-movie/

The lesson here is, “show, don’t tell.” It’s never enough to just tell us what you think; show us why you think that. Don’t take for granted that other readers see the same things you do, nor that they should instantly believe whatever you’re telling them absent evidence.

Step 4

 Step 4: Write your introduction. Remember to include an introduction that brings your reader in to your argument and that ends with a clear thesis.

 Example: Love them or hate them, big budget blockbuster films dominate the summer landscape, and today, much of the rest of the year as well. While Steven Spielberg's Jaws is considered the very first summer blockbuster, the idea that a genre film could generate the kind of excitement and revenue that is now expected was really cemented by Star Wars in May of 1978. Though even a few years before, Star Wars might have been a campy, low budget B-movie, Lucas' (and Spielberg's) innovations in special effects, drive to make great films, and understanding of marketing and merchandising built something much different that has lasting impact in today’s film industry. Far from being simple camp, Star Wars is the most important film of the 20th century.**

**Notice how the thesis statement is at the end of the introduction? That’s no accident. Typically, that’s the best spot for your thesis. Your intro provides a basic explanation for your interest in the topic, with necessary context or background details, all of which leads up to your thesis.

Step 5

 Write your body paragraphs and conclusion. Follow your introduction with body paragraphs that fill out your main points, all of which help prove your thesis. If adding outside research, cite your sources both in-text and on the works cited page (in MLA style), and close with a conclusion that rephrases your thesis, emphasizes your key points, and offers some new piece of information (related to your topic) for readers to consider.

Step 6

 Step 6: Review and Revise. A primary reason some students don’t make as well as they hope is that they submit papers that are actually still in the rough draft phase instead of being polished final drafts; they haven’t been properly edited for correct MLA formatting, grammar, and clarity. Don’t procrastinate- plan ahead of time, and give yourself appropriate time to assess and improve what you initially wrote.

May the Force Be With You!

Works Cited

Works Cited

The Mandalorian. Created by Jon Favreau, Disney, 2020.

Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope. Directed by George Lucas,

Lucasfilm, 1977.

This institution seeks to instill and develop in our students a specific leadership style known as authentic servant leadership, which we define as “serving and influencing as an engaged citizen grounded in civility and respect for others.”

The students of today are the leaders of tomorrow. Therefore, whether referring to leadership in families, communities, businesses, schools, government, or simply practicing personal leadership, we believe that our shared future can be improved with more authentic servant leaders who exhibit the characteristics detailed on the following slides.

For more information and advice on displaying authenticity, visit the page linked below (also linked in the “Important Class Resources” section above week 1):

How Do You ‘Display Authenticity?’ 2

Authentic Servant Leadership Skills:

 Humility  Civility  Emotional intelligence  Empathy  Critical thinking  Ethical thinking  Effective Communication

An Authentic Servant Leader…

 desires to serve something greater than him/herself

 demonstrates ethical and moral integrity  shows empathy towards others  exhibits self-awareness and self-discipline  demonstrates civility in civil discourse  builds relationships on trust and mutual

respect  empowers others to grow, succeed, and

develop personal courage  creates value for the organization and gives

back to the community

3

Simply put, humility is the quality of being humble. Exercising humility frees us from arrogance; we admit when we don’t know something and acknowledge that we can always improve. This allows us to be better aware of our weaknesses and faults. Authentic servant leaders display genuine gratitude and a lack of pride.

Consider some of the fictional characters you may have read about over the years. Can you think of any who provide positive examples of humility? Alternately, can you think of any characters who provide poor examples of humility? How did their lack of humility affect them or the people around them? Finally, what might you do to more consistently show humility in your own life?

4

One of the most important traits of an authentic servant leader is civility- the ability to remain respectful and conduct oneself with decorum even in difficult circumstances. Authentic servant leaders confront uncomfortable situations in a way that maintains the dignity of both their position as well as the people around them. Civility means practicing courtesy, politeness, mutual respect, fairness, good manners, and a willingness to peacefully engage with the perspectives of others- even and especially when one disagrees with them. We don’t always have to agree, but as leaders, we must listen- and that starts by giving others the opportunity to be heard.

Discussion forums and live sessions are great ways for English students to practice civility in online courses. When discussing ideas and opinions with classmates or the professor, students should never belittle opposing views or disrespect the people who said them. It can be more constructive and beneficial to engage ideas or opinions with which you disagree- opposing views aren’t always best left ignored- but when doing so, remain polite and respectful.

5

Emotional intelligence is defined as one’s ability to identify, understand, and manage one’s emotions. The ability to regulate emotions and avoid impulsive decisions is a critical component of leadership.

More specifically, a key element of emotional intelligence is empathy: the ability to be aware of and sensitive to the needs of others. While we can’t always control how others feel or behave, we are better able to understand others when we imagine ourselves in their position. The ability to validate others’ emotions and experience is a vital aspect of authentic servant leadership.

Display empathy in your interactions with faculty, staff, and students, whether in email, over the phone, or during live sessions. Remember, empathy should not be something we turn on or off depending on the situation, or only when we are clearly aware that empathy is warranted; it should be the default approach when interacting with others in personal and professional situations.

6

Critical thinking allows leaders to make informed decisions and sound judgments based on available and reliable information. It involves the ability to question, analyze, interpret, and evaluate the things one reads, hears, says, and writes. It is crucial that authentic servant leaders make clear, rational decisions based on evidence, and that they are able to carefully question their own thought process for things like bias or a lack of information. If we only approach ideas or challenges in terms of our existing assumptions, beliefs, and conclusions, we do not effectively learn or grow as leaders.

English courses are ideal for building critical thinking skills because they involve writing arguments, locating reliable sources, and drawing inferences and conclusions from ambiguous texts. As you read assigned literature during the quarter, ask yourself not just what certain characters are doing, but why and how they do these things– and how your own experiences may inform why you think about these characters or themes the way you do.

7

Ethical thinking is a type of critical thinking that uses ethical principles to make informed decisions. Ethics guides us to tell the truth, keep our promises, and act with honor. Educator and author Peter Drucker, whose work was highly influential in modern management, once wrote, “Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right thing.” Similarly, one way we might better understand these concepts is that critical thinking leads us to think about things the right way, while ethical thinking compels us to do the right things.

One ideal way to practice ethics as a student is to avoid plagiarism and other forms of academic dishonesty in your coursework, and to always observe the Honor Code: “I shall not lie, cheat, steal, or tolerate those who do.” Review the “Ethics” section in the Course Syllabus for more information.

8

Effective communication is at the center of successful servant leadership. Leaders must be aware of what they want to achieve and how they are communicating their goals and ideas to others. Communication is most effective when leaders understand the people with whom they are talking, to whom they are listening, and for whom they are speaking– but this type of communication cannot happen unless they are authentically practicing the other servant leadership skills mentioned in the previous slides.

As you know, a key goal in English courses is to help students communicate more effectively. However, effective communication isn’t just about grammar/ mechanics, MLA format, or the ability to analyze texts– it’s also about sharing your ideas and opinions clearly and respectfully, and writing with a specific audience in mind. 9

Works Cited Entry Structure:

“Title of Presentation.” Website Name, Date of Access (the day/month/year you most recently accessed

this material), URL.

In-Text Citation Structure:

(“Title,” slide #)

Quoting Material in This PowerPoint:

If quoting any of the explanatory content on these slides, quote normally and cite the slide # of the quote in your in-text citation. If borrowing one of the specific quotes provided by authors or historical figures, you should give credit to the actual person who originally said those words. Then, provide the source title and slide # in your in-text citation after the quote, but add “quoted in” or “qtd. in” in parentheses to show that your quotation was included within a larger source not written by the author of the quote.

Examples:

Empathy is a vital aspect of leadership because “we are better able to understand others when we imagine ourselves in their position” (“Authentic Servant Leadership,” slide 6).

As Martin Luther King Jr. once said, “The time is always right to do what is right” (quoted in “Authentic Servant Leadership,” slide 8).

At left are templates and examples that help explain MLA quotations, in-text citations, and works cited entry formats for this source.

10