Need Writing Assistance PRs Wk7

Peer Responses Week 7

LDR 201 (MLA FORMAT)

Jon: Determining whether the husband's actions were right or wrong depends on the perspective you more align with.  If you were to ask a husband if he would steal something to save his wife's life, I'm positive at least 90% would say yes.  If you were to ask a business owner if they'd pursue legal retribution, they will again probably say yes. 

Crimes of passion are viewed differently than pre-meditated crimes.

Should the husband have stolen the medicine, no he should not have

Should the husband have let his wife die, no he also should not have.

Sometimes we are presented with situations in life where there is no clear right or wrong answer. It is our reactions and intentions in those scenarios that determine what is important to us.

It is important to have ethical leaders, because if we have leaders who do not have strong ethics then it is hard for us to trust them to not make selfish decisions.

Crimes of passion. (n.d.). www.study.com.

Jordy:  Heinz's choice to steal the drug to help his wife is a difficult situation. I understand he wanted to save her, which shows love and care, he still broke the law, which goes against the ethical values I’ve learned, like following rules and being honest. Attending GMC, we are taught to act in a way that respects both people and laws, even when the situation is hard. Instead of stealing, Heinz could have looked for other ways to get help or talk to the pharmacist again. His actions, though done out of love, aren’t fully right because breaking the law can cause more problems in the end.

There are a few moral and ethical lines I won’t cross. I believe in being honest, treating others with respect, and following the rules, even when it's hard. Lying, cheating, or hurting others in any way goes against my values because these actions can harm people and damage trust.

Ethics are closely tied to Authentic Servant Leadership because this style of leadership is about caring for others and doing what’s right. A servant leader puts people first and tries to help them grow, while also making fair and honest decisions. Servant leadership has strong links to the universal principles of being committed to something greater than oneself and caring for others (Hendrikz & Engelbrecht). To lead this way, you need strong ethics, like being truthful, kind, and responsible. When a leader has strong ethics, they earn trust and respect, which makes the team stronger and more successful.

We need ethical leaders because they guide others in the right way, especially when tough decisions come up. Ethical leaders set a good example by following rules, treating everyone fairly, and thinking about how their choices will affect others. This creates a healthy, positive environment where people feel safe, respected, and motivated to do their best.

Works Cited

Hendrikz, Karen, and Amos S. Engelbrecht. “The Principled Leadership Scale: An Integration of Value-Based Leadership.”  SAJIP: South African Journal of Industrial Psychology, vol. 45, Jan. 2019, pp. 1–10.  EBSCOhost,  https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v45i0.1553 .

HSE 410 (APA FORMAT)

Tomesha:  Rolls and responses for the Federal and local law enforcement agencies while combating cyber and computer Federal consists of policies, agencies, and strategies. Local consists of law, training, and resources. One example of a law is the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. Acts such as these are used to define and penalize crime. Another example, the Department of Homeland Security is used for investigation. Strategies are invented to protect the infrastructure and respond to incidents. Local law enforcement provides training for knowledge. Community outreach is to give the public knowledge. Training is to increase investigating power as well as prosecuting cybercrime. Both collaborate to protect citizens.    

To conduct a search warrant accurately there must be probable cause, agents must monitor, set up the pen trap, must make sure the proper equipment is being used and only information pertaining to the case can be used. 

Legal standareds associated with cybercrime investigations are the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, Electronic Communication Privacy Act, General Data Protection Regulations, Electronic Communication Privacy Act and several more. These standards make sure investigations are conducted legally. It makes sure security is being handled as well as privacy for the people.  

Citation 

Taylor, R. W., Fritsch, E. J., Saylor, M. R., & Tafoya, W. L. (2018). Cyber Crime and Cyber Terrorism (4th ed.). Pearson Education (US). https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/books/9780134846583  

Tiffany: Roles and Responsibilities of Local Law Enforcement and Federal Government in Combating Cybercrimes and Computer Crimes

Collaboration is the cornerstone of combating cybercrimes and computer crimes. The involvement of federal and local agencies, including law enforcement officers and the Sheriff  Department, is crucial(Taylor et al., p241). As the first response team, they play a pivotal role when businesses, individuals, or corporations fall victim to cybercrimes (Taylor et al., p293, 2019). Their swift and decisive actions are instrumental in mitigating the impact of such crimes.  The united front against cybercrimes is evident in the 93 computer task forces around the United States, a testament to the power of partnership between the bureau and federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies Taylor et al., p291).

The Federal Bureau of  Investigation(FBI) is a pivotal player in cybercrime investigations and is part of the investigative branch of the DOJ(Taylor et al., p291). They handle a wide range of cybercrimes, including those involving intrusion, malicious code, sexual exploitation, sex trafficking, and organized crimes engaged in computer fraud Taylor et al., p292, 2019).  The FBI's protection of the United States from cybercrimes has become a top priority and their expertise and dedication in helping to fight against cyber criminals They also oversee the National Infrastructure Protection Center ( InfraGard ) to facilitate the exchange of information between private and public businesses as well as academic institutions in efforts to fight against cybercrimes.

The Department of Justice(DOJ) is tasked with prosecuting computer fraud and violations, a responsibility that falls under the purview of the Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section (CCIPS). This section focuses on prosecuting  Federal crimes involving encryption, eCommerce, and electronic privacy- FBI. (2016, May 31).” The DOJ's role in prosecuting cybercrimes is not just crucial, but it also instills confidence in the legal system's ability to address these complex issues. The attorney general, as the chief law enforcement officer for the federal government, is not just a key figure but a pivotal one in the legal structure of the United States. In their capacity as a representative and a jurist, the attorney general plays a significant role in the federal cases handled by the U.S. attorney's office (Taylor et al., p291,2019). The landscape of court decisions for cybercrime cases has continuously evolved, interpreting existing laws and setting new precedents for the admissibility of digital evidence and investigation techniques -FBI. (2016, May 31).”

What are some of the biggest challenges that investigators experience in cybercrime? What is the search warrant process for electronic evidence during cybercrime investigations? What are some of the most significant legal standards associated with these types of investigations?

There are many challenges associated with investigating cybercrimes within jurisdictions, private entities, and citizens. There has also been an increase in the reporting of computer-related crimes to local law enforcement departments. First, there is a lack of support and resources to combat computer crimes and keep up with newer trends in technology. Lack of training as well as help in updating criminal codes that are designed for different computer crimes. In addition, new techniques are hard to trace, and local agencies need the federal government to help with equipment, making it harder to collect electronic communications as necessary evidence for litigation (Taylor et al., p293,2019).  The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is “ Going Dark” instead of monitoring and reporting social network data that’s needed due to provisions- FBI. (2016, May 31).”  Social media has become the first response (Taylor et al., p293, 2019). Next are transnational issues, which make it hard to determine which jurisdiction and the need for international cooperation can be challenging. Because data may be stored on servers abroad, which creates challenges in retrieving data. Digital evidence can be detected or changed, which requires a quick response when retrieving evidence.

When it comes to investigating cybercrimes and obtaining electronic data, law enforcement follows a specific process to obtain a search warrant. The Fourth Amendment prohibits unreasonable searches, which means that any attempt by law enforcement to retrieve evidence must be conducted within the bounds of the law( Taylor, R. W et.al. 2019). Search warrants are crucial for law enforcement to establish probable cause, which requires evidence that a crime has been committed, evidence of a computer crime, and the specific location of the evidence to be searched. The process involves both ex-ante and ex-post restrictions that govern computer searches, ensuring that the rights of all parties involved are respected. A search warrant can only be used within that jurisdiction where the magistrate signs(Taylor, R. W., et.al. 2019). Next, the Electronic Communications Act(SCA)manages to access electronic communications that are being stored by a third party, meaning emails, and cloud files. Standards are applied depending on how long or opening those files.

 

Combating Cyber Crime. “CISA: Combating Cyber Crime” Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA). (n.d.).  https://www.cisa.gov/combating-cyber-crime

 FBI. (2016, May 31).” US Secret Services: Financial and Cyber Investigations”  Major Cases. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).  https://www.fbi.gov/investigate/cyber/major-cases

Taylor, R. W., Fritsch, E. J., Liederbach, J., Saylor, M. R., & Tafoya, W. L. (2019).  Cyber Crime and Cyber Terrorism. Pearson.

HSE 490 (APA FORMAT)

Spencer:    First responders are very important when it comes to handling situations and protecting the country. Police officers, firemen, emergency medical technicians (EMTs), and paramedics are some of the groups that they usually fall into. Each group is responsible for different parts of a disaster and has the right skills to do them. Police cops are usually the first ones to arrive at a scene of an accident. They keep the place safe, control the groups, and look into possible crimes. Firefighters are trained to put out fires, do rescue work, and deal with dangerous materials. EMTs and paramedics help people who are hurt right away and get them to hospitals or other medical facilities. Besides these main types, there are also specialized first responders like HazMat (hazardous materials) teams, search and rescue units, and people who know how to get rid of bombs. People call on these expert groups when they need to handle difficult or dangerous situations that call for their specific skills.

     First responders who deal with transportation accidents involving dangerous goods need the North American Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG). The ERG, which was put out by the US, Canada, and Mexico together, is very important for finding dangerous chemicals, figuring out how dangerous they might be, and taking the right steps to deal with them in the beginning of an incident. The ERG is made to be easy for anyone to use and get to in an emergency. It has parts that are color-coded so that first responders can quickly find information based on the type of dangerous material involved by using identification numbers or visual hints. The roadmap tells you exactly what to do to stay safe, how far away you should be to get out of the area, and what health risks might be present with different drugs. In disaster management, the ERG is a key tool that helps first responders make quick, well-informed decisions. It helps them figure out what safety measures to take, how far away the dangers are, and what safety gear to use. By sharing standard information across North America, the ERG makes it easier for different agencies and governments to work together, which improves the overall efficiency of disaster management. First responders always have the most up-to-date information on dangerous products and new threats because the ERG is updated on a regular basis. This process of ongoing improvement is very important for keeping the guidance useful and accurate in a world where possible dangers and emergency situations are always changing.

References

Radvanovsky, R. S., & McDougall, A. (2018). Critical Infrastructure (4th ed.). Taylor & Francis. https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/books/9781351674898

Wikipedia contributors. (2024, June 25). ERG theory. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ERG_theory#:~:text=The%20ERG%20theory%20is%20a%20theory%20of%20human%20need%20proposed%20by%20Clayton%20Alderfer