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07.06.2024
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nw6part2instructions.docx
NSG120Week6RespiratoryDiagnosticTestGrid2022.docx

nw6part2instructions.docx

Please use the document below to complete the following activities:

Complete Gray Boxes and Highlighted Areas.

Submit to the Canvas Dropbox.

Submissions must be handwritten.

NSG120Week6RespiratoryDiagnosticTestGrid2022.docx

Respiratory System Diagnostic Test Grid

Name: _________________________

Instructions: Complete Gray Boxes and Highlighted Areas. Submit to the Canvas Dropbox. Submissions must be handwritten.

Name of Test	Test Type	Normal Adult Findings	Indications for Test	Interfering Factors	Clinical Significance of Findings
Chest Xray
Fluoroscopy	X-ray study	Normal lungs and surrounding structures	To better identify and diagnose structures in the lungs, diaphragm, or heart.	Pregnancy Conditions that affect patient’s ability to take and hold a deep breath, lung scarring, obesity Metal or metal components that can obstruct findings	It allows real time moving images to properly diagnose findings. Example: to separate a pulmonary nodule from a prominent breast nipple
Ventilation – Perfusion Scan	Nuclear Scanning	Diffuse and homogenous uptake of nuclear material by the lungs	To diagnose a pulmonary embolism (PE) Performed on patients with noncardiac chest pain, shortness of breath, tachycardia	Patients with known pulmonary parenchymal or pleural problems can alter the results Pregnancy	Evidence of a pulmonary embolism = will read as a ventilation/perfusion mismatch Other pulmonary conditions such as pneumonia, TB, COPD, or tumor
Bronchoscopy
Thoracentesis
Pulmonary Function Tests & Spirometry	Spirometry is performed first	Based on age, height, wait, race, and sex, normal values for volumes and flow rates can be predicted. Values greater than 80% of predicted values are considered normal.	To detect abnormalities in respiratory function and to determine the extent of pulmonary abnormality. Specifically, spirometry provides information about obstruction or restriction of airflow and supports the diagnosis of COPD and chronic restrictive pulmonary disease.	Contraindications: Patients who are in pain, because of the inability for deep inspiration an expiration. Patients who are unable to cooperate because of age or mental incapability.	A spirometer is a machine that can measure air volumes. Spirometry is the standard method for measuring most relative lung volume; however, it is incapable of providing information about absolute volumes of air in the lung.
Tuberculin Skin Test
Sputum Culture
Arterial Blood Gas
Magnetic Resonance Imaging	Radiology	Considered normal if the structures being examined are normal in appearance.	To evaluate abnormalities of the multiple organs, bones, joints extremities, soft tissues and spinal cord	A major disadvantage of MRI is that patient eligibility is reduced. For example, examination of patients requiring cardiac monitoring or having metal implants, metal joint replacements, pens for open reduction of fractures, pacemakers, or cerebral aneurysm clips will result in image degradation and may endanger the patient.	Can provide information between normal tissue and pathologic tissue and provide a natural contrast between blood vessels and other tissues. MRI is helpful in the evaluation of the following areas: Head and surrounding structures, spinal cord and surrounding structures, face, neck, mediastinum, heart and great vessels, liver and biliary tree, kidney, prostate, bones and joints, breast, extremities and soft tissues, and pancreas
Computed Tomography	Radiology	Considered normal if the organs and structures being examined are normal in appearance.	To evaluate the tracheobronchial tree, and the pulmonary system as a whole to evaluate suspected disease. Questionable or vague abnormalities on routine chest x-ray	Patient-based artifacts on the CT scan are caused by patient movement. Reaction to contrast dye, contrast given through an IV may cause a slight burning feeling, a metallic taste in the mouth, and a warm flushing of the body Pregnancy & breastfeeding	Can provide information regarding Lung, Heart, Chest Wall, Diaphragm, or Mediastinum and conditions that may occur with each of these areas
Acid-Fast Bacilli Smear	Microscopic Study	No bacilli seen	Any patient with a persistent productive cough, night sweats, anorexia, weight loss, fever, hemoptysis, or abnormal chest x-ray	False negatives can occur with faulty laboratory techniques False positive can occur when water suspending the smear contains a non-TB organism	This is used to support the diagnosis of and monitor the treatment of TB. The AFB smear supports the diagnosis of TB, but a definitive diagnosis requires a sputum culture and sensitivity If a patient is suspected of TB, the nurse should wear an N95 respirator mask and the patient should be placed on isolation
Pulse Oximetry

NSG120Week6RespiratoryDiagnosticTestGrid2022.docx

Respiratory System Diagnostic Test Grid

Name: _________________________

Instructions: Complete Gray Boxes and Highlighted Areas. Submit to the Canvas Dropbox. Submissions must be handwritten.

Name of Test	Test Type	Normal Adult Findings	Indications for Test	Interfering Factors	Clinical Significance of Findings
Chest Xray
Fluoroscopy	X-ray study	Normal lungs and surrounding structures	To better identify and diagnose structures in the lungs, diaphragm, or heart.	Pregnancy Conditions that affect patient’s ability to take and hold a deep breath, lung scarring, obesity Metal or metal components that can obstruct findings	It allows real time moving images to properly diagnose findings. Example: to separate a pulmonary nodule from a prominent breast nipple
Ventilation – Perfusion Scan	Nuclear Scanning	Diffuse and homogenous uptake of nuclear material by the lungs	To diagnose a pulmonary embolism (PE) Performed on patients with noncardiac chest pain, shortness of breath, tachycardia	Patients with known pulmonary parenchymal or pleural problems can alter the results Pregnancy	Evidence of a pulmonary embolism = will read as a ventilation/perfusion mismatch Other pulmonary conditions such as pneumonia, TB, COPD, or tumor
Bronchoscopy
Thoracentesis
Pulmonary Function Tests & Spirometry	Spirometry is performed first	Based on age, height, wait, race, and sex, normal values for volumes and flow rates can be predicted. Values greater than 80% of predicted values are considered normal.	To detect abnormalities in respiratory function and to determine the extent of pulmonary abnormality. Specifically, spirometry provides information about obstruction or restriction of airflow and supports the diagnosis of COPD and chronic restrictive pulmonary disease.	Contraindications: Patients who are in pain, because of the inability for deep inspiration an expiration. Patients who are unable to cooperate because of age or mental incapability.	A spirometer is a machine that can measure air volumes. Spirometry is the standard method for measuring most relative lung volume; however, it is incapable of providing information about absolute volumes of air in the lung.
Tuberculin Skin Test
Sputum Culture
Arterial Blood Gas
Magnetic Resonance Imaging	Radiology	Considered normal if the structures being examined are normal in appearance.	To evaluate abnormalities of the multiple organs, bones, joints extremities, soft tissues and spinal cord	A major disadvantage of MRI is that patient eligibility is reduced. For example, examination of patients requiring cardiac monitoring or having metal implants, metal joint replacements, pens for open reduction of fractures, pacemakers, or cerebral aneurysm clips will result in image degradation and may endanger the patient.	Can provide information between normal tissue and pathologic tissue and provide a natural contrast between blood vessels and other tissues. MRI is helpful in the evaluation of the following areas: Head and surrounding structures, spinal cord and surrounding structures, face, neck, mediastinum, heart and great vessels, liver and biliary tree, kidney, prostate, bones and joints, breast, extremities and soft tissues, and pancreas
Computed Tomography	Radiology	Considered normal if the organs and structures being examined are normal in appearance.	To evaluate the tracheobronchial tree, and the pulmonary system as a whole to evaluate suspected disease. Questionable or vague abnormalities on routine chest x-ray	Patient-based artifacts on the CT scan are caused by patient movement. Reaction to contrast dye, contrast given through an IV may cause a slight burning feeling, a metallic taste in the mouth, and a warm flushing of the body Pregnancy & breastfeeding	Can provide information regarding Lung, Heart, Chest Wall, Diaphragm, or Mediastinum and conditions that may occur with each of these areas
Acid-Fast Bacilli Smear	Microscopic Study	No bacilli seen	Any patient with a persistent productive cough, night sweats, anorexia, weight loss, fever, hemoptysis, or abnormal chest x-ray	False negatives can occur with faulty laboratory techniques False positive can occur when water suspending the smear contains a non-TB organism	This is used to support the diagnosis of and monitor the treatment of TB. The AFB smear supports the diagnosis of TB, but a definitive diagnosis requires a sputum culture and sensitivity If a patient is suspected of TB, the nurse should wear an N95 respirator mask and the patient should be placed on isolation
Pulse Oximetry

nw6part2instructions.docx

Please use the document below to complete the following activities:

Complete Gray Boxes and Highlighted Areas.

Submit to the Canvas Dropbox.

Submissions must be handwritten.

NSG120Week6RespiratoryDiagnosticTestGrid2022.docx

Respiratory System Diagnostic Test Grid

Name: _________________________

Instructions: Complete Gray Boxes and Highlighted Areas. Submit to the Canvas Dropbox. Submissions must be handwritten.

Name of Test	Test Type	Normal Adult Findings	Indications for Test	Interfering Factors	Clinical Significance of Findings
Chest Xray
Fluoroscopy	X-ray study	Normal lungs and surrounding structures	To better identify and diagnose structures in the lungs, diaphragm, or heart.	Pregnancy Conditions that affect patient’s ability to take and hold a deep breath, lung scarring, obesity Metal or metal components that can obstruct findings	It allows real time moving images to properly diagnose findings. Example: to separate a pulmonary nodule from a prominent breast nipple
Ventilation – Perfusion Scan	Nuclear Scanning	Diffuse and homogenous uptake of nuclear material by the lungs	To diagnose a pulmonary embolism (PE) Performed on patients with noncardiac chest pain, shortness of breath, tachycardia	Patients with known pulmonary parenchymal or pleural problems can alter the results Pregnancy	Evidence of a pulmonary embolism = will read as a ventilation/perfusion mismatch Other pulmonary conditions such as pneumonia, TB, COPD, or tumor
Bronchoscopy
Thoracentesis
Pulmonary Function Tests & Spirometry	Spirometry is performed first	Based on age, height, wait, race, and sex, normal values for volumes and flow rates can be predicted. Values greater than 80% of predicted values are considered normal.	To detect abnormalities in respiratory function and to determine the extent of pulmonary abnormality. Specifically, spirometry provides information about obstruction or restriction of airflow and supports the diagnosis of COPD and chronic restrictive pulmonary disease.	Contraindications: Patients who are in pain, because of the inability for deep inspiration an expiration. Patients who are unable to cooperate because of age or mental incapability.	A spirometer is a machine that can measure air volumes. Spirometry is the standard method for measuring most relative lung volume; however, it is incapable of providing information about absolute volumes of air in the lung.
Tuberculin Skin Test
Sputum Culture
Arterial Blood Gas
Magnetic Resonance Imaging	Radiology	Considered normal if the structures being examined are normal in appearance.	To evaluate abnormalities of the multiple organs, bones, joints extremities, soft tissues and spinal cord	A major disadvantage of MRI is that patient eligibility is reduced. For example, examination of patients requiring cardiac monitoring or having metal implants, metal joint replacements, pens for open reduction of fractures, pacemakers, or cerebral aneurysm clips will result in image degradation and may endanger the patient.	Can provide information between normal tissue and pathologic tissue and provide a natural contrast between blood vessels and other tissues. MRI is helpful in the evaluation of the following areas: Head and surrounding structures, spinal cord and surrounding structures, face, neck, mediastinum, heart and great vessels, liver and biliary tree, kidney, prostate, bones and joints, breast, extremities and soft tissues, and pancreas
Computed Tomography	Radiology	Considered normal if the organs and structures being examined are normal in appearance.	To evaluate the tracheobronchial tree, and the pulmonary system as a whole to evaluate suspected disease. Questionable or vague abnormalities on routine chest x-ray	Patient-based artifacts on the CT scan are caused by patient movement. Reaction to contrast dye, contrast given through an IV may cause a slight burning feeling, a metallic taste in the mouth, and a warm flushing of the body Pregnancy & breastfeeding	Can provide information regarding Lung, Heart, Chest Wall, Diaphragm, or Mediastinum and conditions that may occur with each of these areas
Acid-Fast Bacilli Smear	Microscopic Study	No bacilli seen	Any patient with a persistent productive cough, night sweats, anorexia, weight loss, fever, hemoptysis, or abnormal chest x-ray	False negatives can occur with faulty laboratory techniques False positive can occur when water suspending the smear contains a non-TB organism	This is used to support the diagnosis of and monitor the treatment of TB. The AFB smear supports the diagnosis of TB, but a definitive diagnosis requires a sputum culture and sensitivity If a patient is suspected of TB, the nurse should wear an N95 respirator mask and the patient should be placed on isolation
Pulse Oximetry

NSG120Week6RespiratoryDiagnosticTestGrid2022.docx

Respiratory System Diagnostic Test Grid

Name: _________________________

Instructions: Complete Gray Boxes and Highlighted Areas. Submit to the Canvas Dropbox. Submissions must be handwritten.

Name of Test	Test Type	Normal Adult Findings	Indications for Test	Interfering Factors	Clinical Significance of Findings
Chest Xray
Fluoroscopy	X-ray study	Normal lungs and surrounding structures	To better identify and diagnose structures in the lungs, diaphragm, or heart.	Pregnancy Conditions that affect patient’s ability to take and hold a deep breath, lung scarring, obesity Metal or metal components that can obstruct findings	It allows real time moving images to properly diagnose findings. Example: to separate a pulmonary nodule from a prominent breast nipple
Ventilation – Perfusion Scan	Nuclear Scanning	Diffuse and homogenous uptake of nuclear material by the lungs	To diagnose a pulmonary embolism (PE) Performed on patients with noncardiac chest pain, shortness of breath, tachycardia	Patients with known pulmonary parenchymal or pleural problems can alter the results Pregnancy	Evidence of a pulmonary embolism = will read as a ventilation/perfusion mismatch Other pulmonary conditions such as pneumonia, TB, COPD, or tumor
Bronchoscopy
Thoracentesis
Pulmonary Function Tests & Spirometry	Spirometry is performed first	Based on age, height, wait, race, and sex, normal values for volumes and flow rates can be predicted. Values greater than 80% of predicted values are considered normal.	To detect abnormalities in respiratory function and to determine the extent of pulmonary abnormality. Specifically, spirometry provides information about obstruction or restriction of airflow and supports the diagnosis of COPD and chronic restrictive pulmonary disease.	Contraindications: Patients who are in pain, because of the inability for deep inspiration an expiration. Patients who are unable to cooperate because of age or mental incapability.	A spirometer is a machine that can measure air volumes. Spirometry is the standard method for measuring most relative lung volume; however, it is incapable of providing information about absolute volumes of air in the lung.
Tuberculin Skin Test
Sputum Culture
Arterial Blood Gas
Magnetic Resonance Imaging	Radiology	Considered normal if the structures being examined are normal in appearance.	To evaluate abnormalities of the multiple organs, bones, joints extremities, soft tissues and spinal cord	A major disadvantage of MRI is that patient eligibility is reduced. For example, examination of patients requiring cardiac monitoring or having metal implants, metal joint replacements, pens for open reduction of fractures, pacemakers, or cerebral aneurysm clips will result in image degradation and may endanger the patient.	Can provide information between normal tissue and pathologic tissue and provide a natural contrast between blood vessels and other tissues. MRI is helpful in the evaluation of the following areas: Head and surrounding structures, spinal cord and surrounding structures, face, neck, mediastinum, heart and great vessels, liver and biliary tree, kidney, prostate, bones and joints, breast, extremities and soft tissues, and pancreas
Computed Tomography	Radiology	Considered normal if the organs and structures being examined are normal in appearance.	To evaluate the tracheobronchial tree, and the pulmonary system as a whole to evaluate suspected disease. Questionable or vague abnormalities on routine chest x-ray	Patient-based artifacts on the CT scan are caused by patient movement. Reaction to contrast dye, contrast given through an IV may cause a slight burning feeling, a metallic taste in the mouth, and a warm flushing of the body Pregnancy & breastfeeding	Can provide information regarding Lung, Heart, Chest Wall, Diaphragm, or Mediastinum and conditions that may occur with each of these areas
Acid-Fast Bacilli Smear	Microscopic Study	No bacilli seen	Any patient with a persistent productive cough, night sweats, anorexia, weight loss, fever, hemoptysis, or abnormal chest x-ray	False negatives can occur with faulty laboratory techniques False positive can occur when water suspending the smear contains a non-TB organism	This is used to support the diagnosis of and monitor the treatment of TB. The AFB smear supports the diagnosis of TB, but a definitive diagnosis requires a sputum culture and sensitivity If a patient is suspected of TB, the nurse should wear an N95 respirator mask and the patient should be placed on isolation
Pulse Oximetry

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