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GuidelinesforWritinganExecutiveSummaryM5.pdf

Guidelines for Writing an Executive Summary

An executive summary is a brief overview of a report designed to give readers a quick preview of its contents. Its purpose is to consolidate the principal points of a document in one place. After reading the summary, your audience should understand the main points you are making and your evidence for those points without having to read every part of your report in full. That's why they are called executive summaries -- the audience is usually someone who makes funding, personnel, or policy decisions and needs information quickly and efficiently. Remember that your purpose is to provide an overview or preview to an audience who may or may not have time to read the whole report carefully. Some guidelines for writing executive summaries:

• An executive summary should explain why you wrote the report, emphasize your conclusions or recommendation, and include only the essential or most significant information to support those conclusions

• Executive summaries are usually organized according to the sequence of information presented in the full report, so follow the order of your report as you discuss the reasons for your conclusions.

• Executive summaries are usually proportional in length to the larger work they summarize, typically 10-15%. Most executive summaries are 1-2 paragraphs.

• Write the executive summary after you have completed the report and decided on your recommendations. Look at first and last sentences of paragraphs to begin to outline your summary. Go through and find key words and use those words to organize a draft of your summary; look for words that enumerate (first, next, finally); words that express causation (therefore, consequently); words that signal essentials (basically, central, leading, principal, major) and contrast (however, similarly, more than, less likely).

• Make the summary concise, but be sure to show why you've arrived at your conclusions. • Don't introduce any new information that is not in your report. • Executive summaries should communicate independently of the report. Ask someone not

familiar with the report's examples to read your executive summary to see if it makes sense.

• Consider using bullets in your summary as a useful method of organizing your information quickly.

• Remember to spell-check and proofread. Don't trust the Spellchecker alone. Let's face it, proofreading is dull. But although proofreading may not be the most exciting part of the writing process, it is crucial. Errors strewn throughout a memo, an executive summary, or a business plan are distracting and annoying and they undermine your authority as a writer and a professional in your field. Proofreading is different from revising and editing. Revising refers to that step of the writing process when you go back and make broad alterations to your draft, such as changes in your main argument or in the organization of material. When you edit, you make changes to sentence or paragraph structure. When you proofread,

however, you are searching for misspellings, typographical mistakes, and omitted words or word endings. These errors are often difficult to spot because you may read what you intend to write, not what is actually on the page. What follows are some tips toward more effective proofreading.

• Save it for last: Don't worry about misspellings and typos until the very end. • One thing at a time: Don't look for everything at once. Read over the document 2-3 times,

looking for specific mistakes each time. • Read it aloud: Reading aloud forces you to slow down your reading and makes it easier to

spot mistakes. • Have someone else read the document: A different reader often finds mistakes you may

have missed. Another useful strategy is for someone else to read your manuscript aloud, as well.

• Take a break: Leave the manuscript alone for at least a day before picking it up again to proofread. Coming at the document with refreshed eyes makes the process easier.

• Take your time: Don't rush through the proofreading process. Leave yourself enough time before the manuscript is due to proofread slowly and methodically.

• Pleasant environment: There's no getting around it - proofreading can be dull work. Make it as enjoyable as possible by selecting a pleasant place in which to read: a park, a cafe, your favorite reading spot. Just because the work might be tedious, your work area doesn't have to be.

• Keep proofing: The more you take the time to proofread, the easier it gets.