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DifferentParentingStylesSignificantlyInfluenceProblem_MarthaRamsey5.docx
Method2.docx
Method
Methods Section- The method section will include three sections: Participants, Measures, and Procedure. If proposing survey research, you must select reliable/valid measures and these measures must be attached to your submission. If proposing an experiment, a detailed research protocol should be included. The method section is due at the end of Module 5 (Sunday at 11:59 PM). (10% of grade). Learning Outcome 2 and 3.
Participants: Make certain that you include demographics (age, gender, SES, IQ, educational background, health, marital status, etc.). These are just some examples. Briefly mention the size of your sample and how you are going to obtain the sample and make sure that it is a representational sample. Be aware of cohort effects and confounding variables that can skew your results. Note: Sampling methods can include EPSEM – Equal Probability of Selection Method, Simple Random Sampling, Stratified Random Sampling, Systematic Sampling, etc. It can even involve random selection or assignment to groups. Make certain that you have an adequate sample size. Many suggest a minimum sample size of 30. The more the better.
Measures: Be specific about how you plan to evaluate and/or measure your dependent variable. If it is a questionnaire or survey, be specific. How do you plan to administer it? What is the reliability and validity of your instrument? In psychological testing, this refers to the consistency or stability of scores, while validity pertains to the accuracy of your inferences based on your scores. You should also want to include any survey or questionnaire in your appendix. Note: The Mental Measurements Yearbook (MMY) and tests in Print (TIP) are sources of information about standardized tests. Other sources can be found in databases such as PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, SocINDEX, MEDLINE, and ERIC.
Procedure: This should include a detailed account of how you plan to conduct your study. How are groups arranged and while testing will there be sequencing effects? If so, you may want to use counterbalancing. An example for three treatment conditions may include sequences such as 1, 2, 3; 2, 3, 1; 3, 1, 2. Are you using pre and post-testing? Describe your control and treatment groups. In other words, fully describe your experimental design: One-Group Posttest-Only Design, One Group Pre-test Posttest Design, Posttest Only Design with Nonequivalent Groups, and Between-participant designs. Other suggestions: Instructions, Consent, Data collection, Debriefing, etc.
A Word About Hypothesis Testing. This should involve formulating a research problem and it should really be in the form of an interrogative sentence that asks what the relationship between two or more variables is. What is the predicted relationship among the variable(s) being investigated? Remember, if your hypothesis is confirmed, then it should answer your question and support the literature that suggested your hypothesis in the first place. Important: The hypothesis must be stated so that is either refuted or confirmed. Remember that it is actually the null hypothesis and not the research hypothesis that is statistically tested in a study.
NOTE: The section needs to be an extension of your previous assignment and not as a stand-alone section. The Method Section should be a continuation of the Literature Review. make sure you mention and include in your Method Section demograohics , Questionnaire and Consent to Participate. These should be indicated as appendices. Be more specific about your measures. Procedures should also include debriefing and do not forget to mention your sampling procedures.
DifferentParentingStylesSignificantlyInfluenceProblem_MarthaRamsey5.docx
2
DIFFERENT PARENTING STYLES
Different Parenting Styles Significantly Influence Problem-Solving Skills in Children . Comment by Harry Gerald Rotter: No need to include a period.
Saint Leo University
Learning & Cognition: PSY 545
Instructor Rotter, Harry
November 12, 2023
Abstract Comment by Harry Gerald Rotter: Extra space and you need to include Keywords (Indented and italicized on the last line.
This study examines how parenting styles affect children's problem-solving ability. Authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting styles are explored to determine their effects on children's cognitive and emotional development. The literature study shows that authoritative parenting balances support and realistic expectations and helps children acquire problem-solving skills. With its strong control and limited autonomy, authoritarian parenting may limit a child's decision-making. Permissive parenting, with its warmth and uneven discipline, may hinder a child's initiative and problem-solving. The hypotheses show authoritative parents raise children with better problem-solving skills than authoritarian or permissive parents. The study seeks to help parents, educators, and child development professionals understand how parenting styles affect children's problem-solving skills. The study helps develop successful parenting practices, educational programs, and treatments that support holistic child development, giving children the confidence and resilience to face life's obstacles. Comment by Harry Gerald Rotter: delete Comment by Harry Gerald Rotter: Delete the word study Comment by Harry Gerald Rotter: Avoid using the study on both lines. You may want to consider beginning your last line with Further or Moreover. Comment by Harry Gerald Rotter: The next line is where you must include Keywords.
Comment by Harry Gerald Rotter: One inch Margins. Excessive spacing
Different Parenting Styles Significantly Influence Problem-Solving Skills in Children.
Introduction
Parenting styles affect children's development, especially problem-solving. Parent-child relationships, advice, and boundaries help youngsters with life's problems. Thus, understanding how different parenting styles affect children's problem-solving skills is crucial. This study illuminates child-rearing processes and their lasting effects, making it a relevant topic. Authority parenting, with its harmonious blend of support and reasonable expectations; authoritarian parenting, with its strict control and limited autonomy; and permissive parenting, with nurturing but inconsistent discipline, all offer unique insights into a child's problem-solving development. A full investigation of how these parenting approaches affect children's problem-solving ability follows. These parenting styles help us understand how children learn to handle life's problems and make decisions. Comment by Harry Gerald Rotter: children Comment by Harry Gerald Rotter: You may want to include a couple of studies to support your introduction.
Literature Review
Authoritative Parenting
Authoritative parenting is often considered successful. Parents provide warmth and emotional support while setting clear and acceptable expectations for their children in this parenting style. Sanvictores and Mendez (2022) noted that authoritative parents provide valuable guidance and foster independence. They also encourage open conversation so youngsters feel safe expressing themselves and seeking guidance.
Lin et al. (2023) found that authoritative parenting helps children develop strong problem-solving skills. Authoritative parents can blend loving and setting boundaries, which is their strength. This balance gives youngsters a safe and supportive space to practice decision- Comment by Harry Gerald Rotter: Make sure that you double-space throughout your paper
making and problem-solving. The effectiveness of authoritative parenting in promoting healthy child development is shown by the superior problem-solving skills of their offspring. Children learn independence and resilience from authoritative parenting. Children learn to make decisions, take initiative, and face problems by providing emotional support and clear expectations. This method promotes communication, critical thinking, and dispute resolution. Authoritative parents guide rather than control, empowering children to explore their problem-solving skills with a stable support system. Comment by Harry Gerald Rotter: I would use transition sentences and you probably do not have to use a heading for each section.
Authoritarian Parenting
Authoritarian parenting emphasizes rigorous control, punishment, and limited kid autonomy. Authoritative parents set and enforce rules without negotiation. This parenting style emphasizes obedience and conformity and may lack emotional warmth and compassion. Averett and Lacy (2021) define authoritarian parenting as parents who demand their children follow regulations. Parents expect complete obedience from their children under this parenting style. This method can establish discipline and order, but it can also stifle family communication and warmth.
According to Li et al. (2023), authoritarian parenting may impair children's problem-solving. Authoritarian families may raise less problem-solvers because of stringent limitations and limited decision-making freedom. Kuppens & Ceulemans, (2019) contend that children who lack autonomy and problem-solving skills may become dependent on others later in life and unable to handle complex issues. Well-intentioned authoritarian parenting might hurt a child's problem-solving skills. Authoritative parenting's pros and cons must be understood to examine how parenting styles affect children's development.
Permissive Parenting
Permissive parents are kind and supportive and do not control their kids. Loving and permissive parents prioritize their child's wants and preferences while being slack in the discipline (Lo et al., 2020). For a good parent-child bond, this parenting style gives greater freedom, fewer limits, and less supervision. Permissive homes respect kids' choices. This method may make problem-solving harder due to its lack of structure and restrictions. Due to a lack of accountability and autonomy, Children raised by permissive parents may struggle to make decisions, take the initiative, and face hardship, according to Lo et al. (2020.
Rönsch (2020) examined how permissive parenting may affect children's problem-solving. Permissive parents foster creativity, exploration, and open communication, but they struggle with discipline and setting expectations. Due to this inconsistency, children raised in such settings may struggle to grasp boundaries and obligations. Permissive parenting may prevent children from developing accountability and decision-making skills, which may hinder their problem-solving skills, according to Lanjekar et al. (2022). Complex problems that demand effective problem-solving can be challenging to solve without organization and explicit principles. Permissive parenting affects children's development; thus, parents and professionals must understand it to facilitate healthy growth and skill development.
Permissive parenting lacks structure and boundaries, which is a significant worry. Without clear guidelines, children may struggle to grasp acceptable behavior, make decisions, and solve challenging problems (Rönsch, 2020). Without a regulated framework, children may not develop a strong feeling of responsibility, making it hard for them to address complicated problems autonomously.
Hypothesis
The literature review suggests that parenting styles strongly influence children's problem-solving skills. The following hypotheses are proposed:
Hypothesis 1: Children raised by authoritative parents solve problems better than those reared by authoritarian or permissive parents. Authoritative parenting with support and acceptable boundaries helps kids become independent and resilient.
Hypothesis 2: Authoritarian parents may limit their children's decision-making, which may impair their problem-solving capabilities. Comment by Harry Gerald Rotter: Delete the word may. Comment by Harry Gerald Rotter: It looks like you will have three groups based on parenting styles where you will need to include a specifi9c problem-solving measure designed to test your hypothesis.
Hypothesis 3: Permissive parents' lack of structure and clear expectations might make it hard for their children to take initiative and solve problems. Comment by Harry Gerald Rotter: Extra space
This research helps parents, educators, and child development experts understand how parenting styles affect children problem-solving. Understanding parenting styles and problem-solving skills can help parents create healthy, capable kids. Teachers and parents must grasp how authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting styles affect problem-solving. This understanding can assist parents and teachers in choosing parenting approaches and accommodate kids' problem-solving talents. This research can inform parental programs and educational methods that help children develop holistically and face life's challenges with confidence and resilience. Comment by Harry Gerald Rotter: Avoid using the word kids. Children, adolescents, etc. depending on your population. Start thinking about a specific age or grade grouping.
Comment by Harry Gerald Rotter: Too many spaces. One-inch margins.
References
Averett, K. H., & Lacy, G. (2021). Ownership Versus Partnership Parenting: Parenting Styles Within the Homeschooling Movement. Journal of Family Issues, 0192513X2110551. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513x211055125
Kuppens, S., & Ceulemans, E. (2019). Parenting Styles: A Closer Look at a Well-Known Concept. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(1), 168–181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1242-x
Lanjekar, P. D., Joshi, S. H., Lanjekar, P. D., & Wagh, V. (2022). The Effect of Parenting and the Parent-Child Relationship on a Child’s Cognitive Development: A Literature Review. Cureus, 14(10). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.30574
Li, D., Li, W., & Zhu, X. (2023). Parenting style and children emotion management skills among Chinese children aged 3–6: the chain mediation effect of self-control and peer interactions. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1231920
Lin, X. Y., Yang, W., Xie, W., & Li, H. (2023). The integrative role of parenting styles and parental involvement in young children’s science problem-solving skills. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1096846
Lo, B. C. Y., Lai, R. N. M., Ng, T. K., & Wang, H. (2020). Worry and Permissive Parenting in Association with the Development of Internet Addiction in Children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21), 7722. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217722
Rönsch, H. (2020). Effectiveness of laws and policies governing permissive parenting in pursuit of the reduction of severe child abuse in Germany. Children and Youth Services Review, 119, 105510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105510
Sanvictores, T., & Mendez, M. D. (2022). Types of Parenting Styles and Effects On Children. PubMed; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568743/
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