Managerial economics

 As outlined in the first two chapters of BSZ, economics focuses on the choices that people make. In the simplest of terms, we can consider a choice to be rational if and when the benefits of that choice are at least as great as its costs (or, conversely, if the costs are no greater than the benefits). Similarly, we say that individuals and organizations operate efficiently if their choices are designed in the best possible way to achieve their objectives while minimizing all relevant costs.