Literature homework

LIT100TEXTBOOK.docx

The Norton Introduction to Literature (Shorter Fourteenth Edition). Edited by Kelly J. Mays, W.W. Norton and Company, 2022. ISBN: 978-0-393-88630-6

CJA457Assignment3INSTRUCTIONS.docx

Assignment 3: Recommend Strategies for the Criminal Justice System

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This module’s assigned reading by Bush and Matthews explores the distribution of federal funding for reintegration programs across the nation. Criminal justice professionals agree that more than one approach is necessary to address the emerging needs of the prison population. The assigned reading also explores the most prevalent recidivism reduction strategies in the U.S.

Law enforcement officers play a vital role in the process of reintegration. Their roles include relationship building in the community. To build trust within communities' law enforcement agencies, law enforcement professionals must maintain integrity, honesty, ethical conduct, and conduct police work unbiasedly. Bush and Matthews (2023) describe five strategies essential to building trusting collaborative relationships between law enforcement and the community.

Please review these strategies and create an action plan based on these strategies. The action plan can be geared towards the community or within a criminal justice institution. The action plan should be in a narrative format. You will list the strategy and follow the list with an explanation of how you would implement it in the setting you chose. Discuss and use at least two of the strategies, explain the logic used to determine why the strategies are important, and then summarize how to implement an action plan.

Length: 5-7 pages, not including title and reference pages

References: Support your assignment with at least 2 scholarly resources.

The completed assignment should address all the assignment requirements, exhibit evidence of concept knowledge, and demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the content presented in the course. The writing should integrate scholarly resources, reflect academic expectations, and current APA standards.

When applicable, conduct a Turnitin pre-check and then upload your completed assignment and click the Submit to Dropbox button.

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CJA457Assignment1INSTRUCTIONS.docx

Assignment 1: Examine Public Policy and Social Justice in the Criminal Justice System

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People of color include Hispanics/Latinos, African Americans, Asians, Native Americans, Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders, and those of two or more races. The 2020 Census revealed that most Americans are White Americans at 61.6%, Black Americans at 14.4%, and Hispanics or Latinos at 11.2% based on population (Census, 2020). By 2022, the Hispanic population of the US rose to 19.1% making it the largest non-Caucasian racial or ethnic group based on population.

Scholars have found that some racial and ethnic people of color, particularly Black Americans, are disproportionately represented in the arrest and victimization reports which are used to compile crime rate statistics in the U. S.

Review the article Three Strikes Law found within your required resources in your course libguide.

Prepare a brief paper using 12-point font in Times New Roman and answer two of the following three questions:

Be sure to focus on the disproportionate representation of people of color in arrest and victimization reports in your responses:

1. Describe your thoughts on legislation and law enforcement strategies like the Three Strikes Law that have had a disparate impact on ethnic or racial non-Caucasian groups.

2. Examine the impact of social and economic disempowerment of people of color resulting from discrimination in society at large.

3. Explore the impact of not being able to afford bail or hire a lawyer.

Length: 2-3 pages, not including title and reference pages

References: Support your assignment with at least 3 scholarly resources.

The completed assignment should address all the assignment requirements, exhibit evidence of concept knowledge, and demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the content presented in the course. The writing should integrate scholarly resources, and reflect academic expectations and current APA standards.

When applicable, conduct a Turnitin pre-check and then upload your completed assignment and click the Submit to Dropbox button.

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CJA457Assignment2INSTRUCTIONS.docx

Assignment 2: Explore Social Justice in our Lives

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Read the article entitled, Federal criminal sentencing: Race-based disparate impact and differential treatment in judicial districts, included in this Module’s resources in your course Libguide.

The Supreme Court case United States v. Booker, in which the Supreme Court held that mandatory guidelines for sentencing violated the Sixth Amendment, changed the way jurists sentenced offenders. As a result of Booker, the prior practice of using strict sentencing guidelines was changed to being at the court's discretion.

Reflect and examine the statement, ‘The federal government analyzes over one-half million sentencing records publicly available from the United States Sentencing Commission database, spanning the years 2006 to 2020. At the system-wide level, Black and Hispanic defendants receive average sentences that are approximately 19 months (about 1 and a half years) longer and 5 months longer, than whites” (Topaz et al., 2023, p. 1).

Prepare a reflective paper that includes the following:

· Discuss your thoughts on the Booker decision's impact, in your opinion, on racial biases in sentencing practices.

· What are your thoughts on eliminating restrictions on sentencing and the court using its discretion?

· Should there be additional oversight to ensure racial biases do not become prevalent?

· Given the knowledge of the disparity in sentencing practices, what are your thoughts? What additional questions or comments do you have on sentencing practices in America?

Length: 2-4 pages, not including title and reference pages

References: Support your assignment with at least 2 scholarly resources.

The completed assignment should address all the assignment requirements, exhibit evidence of concept knowledge, and demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the content presented in the course. The writing should integrate scholarly resources, reflect academic expectations, and current APA standards.

When applicable, conduct a Turnitin pre-check and then upload your completed assignment and click the Submit to Dropbox button.

Reference:

Topaz, C. M., Ning, S., Ciocanel, M. V., & Bushway, S. (2023). Federal criminal sentencing: Race-based disparate impact and differential treatment in judicial districts. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10, 366(2023).

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LIT100ThesisGuidelinesforbothEssays.pdf

LIT 100 Introduc.on to Literature

Thesis Examples for Literary Analysis

The thesis is the controlling idea or central, unifying claim of a literary essay. To put it differently, it’s a strong statement of an argument that you’ll be elabora:ng and suppor:ng throughout the paper. A thesis must be analy:cal, rather than merely descrip:ve. In other words, you must make a non-obvious, interpre:ve claim about the text(s) you’re analyzing. More simply, the thesis should make a point that a casual reader (or viewer of a film) would not immediately get. Here’s a statement that would NOT work as a thesis: This essay will contrast the use of point of view in Joyce’s “Araby” and Hemingway’s “Hills Like White Elephants” and show how each contributes to the meaning of the stories. Note that this statement doesn’t really make a claim about the text. It’s simply sta:ng what the author is intending to do in the essay. That doesn’t work for this assignment. A stronger thesis would make a concrete claim about how the text creates meaning. Here’s another example that doesn’t quite work: In “Araby,” Joyce uses the first-person perspec.ve of a young boy, while in “Hills Like White Elephants” Hemingway employs a third person perspec.ve to tell the story of an estranged couple. This is a factually true statement about the stories. But it’s not arguable. A good thesis must be arguable in two senses. First, it must be a claim that someone could disagree with. Secondly, and perhaps more importantly, an analy:cal thesis is a claim that requires support—in the form of arguments you will make in the paper. It’s something you wouldn’t expect an engaged reader to accept without evidence. Here’s a bePer example that makes an insighQul, analy:cal point: In Joyce’s “Araby” and Hemingway’s “Hills Like White Elephants,” the authors use point of view to heighten the impact of the stories. In “Araby,” the first-person narra.on helps Joyce convey the young boy’s shame and anguish, while the detached third-person narra.on in “Hills Like White Elephants” allows Hemingway to drama.ze the estrangement between the central characters. This claim is arguable—you’ll need to work (by providing concrete evidence from the text) to get your readers to agree. When devising a thesis, you should also strive to tell your audience why your claim maPers. In other words, what does it all add up to? Why is it interes:ng? Looking at the example above, it’s all well and good to say that the authors use different points of view. But making a claim about the effect of these choices—what larger meaning these things create—makes the thesis much stronger. (Note that the thesis in this example is two sentences; that’s not a problem.)

In addi:on, avoid unnecessary metadiscourse. In your thesis, you should make a claim about the text (or film) directly. This problem is evident in the first example above. Here’s another example of unnecessary metadiscourse (underlined):

LIT 100 Introduc.on to Literature

In this paper, I will argue that in Joyce’s “Araby” and Hemingway’s “Hills Like White Elephants” the authors use point of view to heighten the impact of the stories. In “Araby,” the first- person narra.on helps Joyce convey the young boy’s shame and anguished, while the detached third-person narra.on in “Hills Like White Elephants” allows Hemingway to drama.ze the estrangement between the central characters. In this case, metadiscourse takes the form of “saying what you’re going to say.” It’s totally unnecessary here—it’s bePer to simply make your claim. Also note that, while the first-person “I” can some:mes be effec:ve in academic wri:ng, I strongly suggest you avoid it for the papers in this class, especially in situa:ons like the example above, where the author is unnecessarily narra:ng what they’re doing in the paper. For more informa.on about the thesis, see pp. 2002-2004 of your textbook.

CJA457Assignment4INSTRUCTIONS.docx

Assignment 4: Signature Assignment: Explore Accountability and Responsibility in the Criminal Justice System

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In this module you will complete a Signature Assignment entitled “Explore Accountability and Responsibility in the Criminal Justice System.”

Areas to address in your Signature Assignment submission include examining current and proposed criminal justice practices, disparities in the treatment of people of color in the criminal justice system, and the balance of social justice in America.

Your Signature Assignment task is to prepare a research paper on one of the following three topics:

· Investigate and discuss proven methods used to balance the scales of social justice while exploring how to reconstruct those deemed ineffective.

· Examine diverging perspectives on social justice issues while assessing accountability and responsibility.

· Illustrate how the skills and knowledge gained will be useful to all Americans, particularly criminal justice professionals, and others who make or are impacted by decisions made to ensure social injustice is mitigated for people of color in matters involving criminal justice.

Research Paper Format:

VI. Introductory Paragraph

1.

a. Introduction that grabs the reader’s attention (quote from: famous person about person, an event, anecdote about the person, etc.).

b. Offer a concise summary of the main point or claim of the research paper.

1.

VII. Body paragraph #1

1.

a. Topic Sentence (First information you found from researching your topic)

b. Facts, statistics, direct quotations.

c. Analogies, comparisons, expert opinions.

d. Your own ideas, opinions, and comments about what you found.

1.

VIII. Body Paragraph #2

1.

a. Topic Sentence (Next idea you found out from researching your topic).

b. Facts, statistics, direct quotations.

c. Analogies, Comparisons, expert opinions

d. Your own ideas, opinions, and comments about what you found.

1.

IX. Body Paragraph #3

1.

a. Topic Sentence (third piece of information you found out from researching your topic.

b. Facts, statistics, direct quotations.

c. Analogies, comparisons, expert opinions.

d. Your own ideas, opinions, comments about what you found.

1.

X. Conclusion

1.

a. Construct a discussion about the answers you found researching your topic.

b. Include what else you might like to know about this topic.

c. Explain why this topic was important to examine.

1.

Length: 6-8 pages, not including title and reference pages

References: Support your assignment with at least 3 scholarly resources.

The completed assignment should address all the assignment requirements, exhibit evidence of concept knowledge, and demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the content presented in the course. The writing should integrate scholarly resources, reflect academic expectations and current APA standards.

When applicable, conduct a Turnitin pre-check and then upload your completed assignment and click the Submit to Dropbox button.

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CJA457GRADINGRUBRIC.pdf

Written Assignment Rubric Course: CJA457 Minorities/Crime/Soc. Justice

Criteria Exemplary 1.25 points

Good 1 point

Acceptable 0.875 points

Unacceptable 0 points

Criterion Score

Content / 1.25Balanced

presentation of

relevant and

legitimate

information that

clearly supports the

central purpose of

the chart/table and

shows a thoughtful

analysis of the

topic; content is

specific, accurate,

interesting and

appropriate.

Information

provides reasonable

support for the

central purpose of

the chart/table and

displays evidence of

a basic analysis of

the topic.

Information

supports a central

purpose at times

but often strays

from purpose.

Analysis is basic or

general.

Central purpose is

not clearly

identified. Analysis

is vague or not

evident.

4/8/25, 11:59 AM Assignment 2: Explore Social Justice in our Lives - CJA457 Minorities/Crime/Soc. Justice - National University

https://nationalu.brightspace.com/d2l/lms/dropbox/user/folder_submit_files.d2l?db=618459&grpid=0&isprv=&bp=0&ou=106736 1/8

Total / 5

Criteria Exemplary 1.25 points

Good 1 point

Acceptable 0.875 points

Unacceptable 0 points

Criterion Score

Writing / 1.25

Format / 1.25

Grammar &

Spelling

/ 1.25

The ideas are

arranged logically to

support the

chart/table. Ideas

are well organized

and are clearly

linked to each other.

The reader can

follow the line of

reasoning.

The ideas are

arranged logically to

support the

chart/table. Ideas

are usually clearly

linked to each other.

For the most part,

the reader can

follow the line of

reasoning.

In general, the

chart/table is

arranged logically,

although

occasionally ideas

fail to make sense

together. The reader

is fairly clear about

what the writer

intends.

The writing is not

logically organized.

Frequently, ideas

fail to make sense

together. The reader

cannot identify a

line of reasoning

and loses interest.

The assignment is

properly formatted

in a concise table or

chart.

The assignment is

mostly formatted

properly in a table

or chart.

The assignment is

only partially

formatted in a table

or chart.

The work is

included in the

required table or

chart format.

All grammar &

spelling are correct.

Only one or two

errors in spelling &

grammar.

A few grammar

and/or spelling

errors.

Very frequent

grammar and/or

spelling errors.

4/8/25, 11:59 AM Assignment 2: Explore Social Justice in our Lives - CJA457 Minorities/Crime/Soc. Justice - National University

https://nationalu.brightspace.com/d2l/lms/dropbox/user/folder_submit_files.d2l?db=618459&grpid=0&isprv=&bp=0&ou=106736 2/8

Overall Score

Level 4 5 points minimum

Level 3 4 points minimum

Level 2 3.5 points minimum

Level 1 0 points minimum

4/8/25, 11:59 AM Assignment 2: Explore Social Justice in our Lives - CJA457 Minorities/Crime/Soc. Justice - National University

https://nationalu.brightspace.com/d2l/lms/dropbox/user/folder_submit_files.d2l?db=618459&grpid=0&isprv=&bp=0&ou=106736 3/8

4/8/25, 11:59 AM Assignment 2: Explore Social Justice in our Lives - CJA457 Minorities/Crime/Soc. Justice - National University

https://nationalu.brightspace.com/d2l/lms/dropbox/user/folder_submit_files.d2l?db=618459&grpid=0&isprv=&bp=0&ou=106736 4/8

4/8/25, 11:59 AM Assignment 2: Explore Social Justice in our Lives - CJA457 Minorities/Crime/Soc. Justice - National University

https://nationalu.brightspace.com/d2l/lms/dropbox/user/folder_submit_files.d2l?db=618459&grpid=0&isprv=&bp=0&ou=106736 5/8

4/8/25, 11:59 AM Assignment 2: Explore Social Justice in our Lives - CJA457 Minorities/Crime/Soc. Justice - National University

https://nationalu.brightspace.com/d2l/lms/dropbox/user/folder_submit_files.d2l?db=618459&grpid=0&isprv=&bp=0&ou=106736 6/8

4/8/25, 11:59 AM Assignment 2: Explore Social Justice in our Lives - CJA457 Minorities/Crime/Soc. Justice - National University

https://nationalu.brightspace.com/d2l/lms/dropbox/user/folder_submit_files.d2l?db=618459&grpid=0&isprv=&bp=0&ou=106736 7/8

4/8/25, 11:59 AM Assignment 2: Explore Social Justice in our Lives - CJA457 Minorities/Crime/Soc. Justice - National University

https://nationalu.brightspace.com/d2l/lms/dropbox/user/folder_submit_files.d2l?db=618459&grpid=0&isprv=&bp=0&ou=106736 8/8