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IDES 322 Lighting Marie Kimble Cooley, CID, UDA, NKBA

Light Sources Natural (sun and combustion - fire) Artificial (electric)

Correct Terminology The Illuminating Engineers Society (IES) uses luminaire. The United States Congress uses fixture. And it’s not uncommon to hear someone use lamp when pointing out a source of light. Which term is correct when referencing a lighting unit?

Correct Terminology While both identifiers are technically correct, luminaire* is actually the proper technical term.  *Not him.

Lighting Terminology Lamp + Fixture = Luminaire

Lighting Terminology Lamp = “blub”

Lamp Output

wattage: the amount of electricity consumed by the bulb. lumens: the amount of light that the bulb produces at a close range. foot candles: the amount of light reaching the object, (a practical measure of light).

Types of Lamps -incandescent, (Typical): General Service, reflector floods: � Halogen, (Typical): � 12 Volt: JC, MR16 � 120 Volt: PAR 16, PAR 20, PAR 30, PAR 38 � High intensity discharge, (Typical): Street

lights, wall packs, warehouse light

Lighting Without proper lighting none of the beautiful finishes and materials used in the design will be seen. With that in mind, talk to your clients about the importance of lighting, and allowing for ample funds for lighting in the overall budget.

Architectural Lighting

Lighting that is hardwired into the building. It is part of the built space after it is installed.

Portable Lighting This type of lighting is plugged into an electrical outlet and not considered to be part of the built space. Portable lamps: table, desk, floor (lamps that are not wired into the building. These all have a plug to go into an electrical outlet.

Types of Lighting Professional lighting designers refer to three different types of lighting: - general/ambient lighting - task lighting - accent lighting

General/Ambient Lighting General lighting provides an area with overall illumination. Also known as ambient lighting, general lighting should provide a comfortable level of brightness, enabling you to perform tasks and move about safely.

General/Ambient Lighting General lighting for indoors can be accomplished with a chandeliers, ceiling or wall-mounted fixtures, recessed or track lights, and with floor and table lamps. General lighting fixtures outside your home can include spotlights, hanging fixtures, post lanterns, wall lighting, and recessed fixtures used in overhanging structures.

General/Ambient Lighting

Task Lighting Task lighting helps you perform specific tasks and activities such as reading, writing, sewing, cooking, homework, or balancing your checkbook. Task lighting is usually achieved with recessed and track lighting, pendant lighting, portable lamps, or desk lamps.

Task Lighting Task lighting should be free of distracting glare and shadows and should be bright enough to prevent eyestrain. It’s useful to have task lighting on controls that are separate from the general lighting.

Task Lighting

Accent Lighting Accent lighting is the use of a concentrated light on an area or subject to create a visual point of interest. Accent lighting is often used to spotlight architectural features, paintings, plants, sculptures or collectables.

Accent Lighting

Accent lighting adds an extra dimension to a room, and proper use of accent lighting can help make a room look larger.

Accent Lighting Creating effective accent lighting typically requires at least three times as much light on the focal point as the general lighting around it. Accent lighting is usually is created by using track, recessed, or wall-mounted fixtures.

Accent Lighting

Accent Lighting + Ceiling Heights

Fixtures Types

Fixtures come in all sorts of shapes, sizes and finishes. Before deciding on that, determine which fixture type be best.

Fixture Types Recessed – the fixture opening is flush with the ceiling. Ceiling mount – the fixture is attached to the ceiling (includes track lighting). Pendant – hangs from the ceiling (includes chandeliers) Wall sconce – the fixture is attached to a wall.

Fixture Types

Light Fixture Types There are many different fixture types that you can use to deliver the general, task, or accent light you need. Please Google these to see how many examples of each there are. The types of lighting fixtures include:

Light Fixture Types - ceiling Close to ceiling and flush mount fixtures are extremely practical in areas of high activity such as kitchens, baths, laundry rooms, playrooms and dens. Other types of ceiling fixtures include chandeliers and recessed lighting fixtures.

Light Fixture Types - chandeliers

Most often seen in dining rooms, kitchens, hallways and entrances, chandeliers can also add light and drama to a bedroom or living room. Because they tend to dominate the open space, a chandelier’s style sets the tone for a room’s décor more than any other lighting fixture.

Light Fixture Types - chandeliers

Most chandeliers are design to provide a general overall light, although some will use shades, glass, or reflectors to concentrate light directly on the surface below.

Chandelier Size + Height

Light Fixture Types -fans Fan lighting fixtures have become a popular choice for many rooms including kitchens, bedrooms, and dens. While the fixture provides good general lighting, the fan helps keep the room more comfortable and makes heating and cooling the room more efficient.

Light Fixture Types - fans

As with chandeliers, fan fixtures can be more versatile with the addition of a dimmer control to vary the light intensity.

Light Fixture Types - pendants

Pendants can provide both task and general lighting. Since they hang in the room, as opposed to in the ceiling or on the wall, they add a major style element to your decor.

Light Fixture Types - pendants

Equipped with shades or globes to avoid glare, pendent light fixtures are a great choice for task lighting over kitchen islands, tables, counters, and other task areas.

Light Fixture Types - pendants

When used over end or night tables, pendants free up the space occupied by table lamps. The use of a dimmer and other lighting controls give you the flexibility to vary the light output.

Light Fixture Types - recessed

Lighting that’s recessed into the ceiling is extremely versatile and largely “décor neutral.” Recessed lighting can be used for overall room illumination, task lighting, and as accent lighting to highlighting artwork, collections, or décor details.

Light Fixture Types – recessed fixture trims

A range of recessed fixture “trim” designs are available to provide different light performance. Each trim design may have different maximum wattage. Consult the label inside the housing for the maximum wattage allowed for a particular trim and application.

Light Fixture Types – recessed fixture trims

Trim types include baffles, splay, eyeball, reflector, open, decorative, and shower. Each has different lighting performance characteristics.

Light Fixture Types – utility

Simple, functional lighting with no specific intended design style is often referred to as Utility Lighting.

Light Fixture Types – utility Fixtures that provide light but are hidden from view may have no influence on the room’s decor, but the light they provide can play an important roll in the mood of the room and the practicality of the lighting for daily activities. Utility lighting is the right choice for rooms that are themselves dedicated to utility, such as the garage and laundry room.

Light Fixture Types – wall While they can contribute to a general lighting plan, wall fixtures usually serve as accent or task lighting. Wall fixtures that employ exposed or partially exposed light bulbs are well suited for use as task lights such as along a bathroom mirror. They can be used for general lighting as well, but if used without any ceiling lighting, the effect makes the ceiling seem lower.

Light Fixture Types – wall As they’re often seen at eye level, wall fixtures have a strong influence on the decor and mood of the room. Wall fixtures can be part of a complete collection, so you can match them with your ceiling fixture of chandelier.

Light Fixture Types – wall

Install wall lights where they will not be in danger of being hit by normal traffic in the home.

Light Fixture Types – track, advantages Solves problems: The power runs in the track and can reach hard to reach areas. Flexible applications: the fixtures can be of mixed application and are moveable. Monorail and cable systems are aesthetically pleasing.

Light Fixture Types – track, disadvantages The track system is visible and ads clutter if you are looking for a clean look. Low voltage systems have overall power limitations.

Light has a color temperature

Expressed in degrees Kelvin -"Cool" is a high number: > 4000 -"Warm" is a low number: < 3000

Some common examples of color temperature:

-1500 K: a candle -2800 K: tungsten lamp (ordinary household bulb), sunrise and sunset -3000 K: studio lamps, photofloods, -5000 K: electronic flash, average daylight

Some common examples of color temperature:

-6000 K: bright midday sun -7000 K: lightly overcast sky -8000 K: hazy sky -10,000 K: heavily overcast sky

This great chart is from Lumens Lighting.

Color rendering index: (CRI) How well a lamp renders color

-halogen: 100 -incandescent: 80 -fluorescent: 70-94 

Energy Efficiency - Incandescent Incandescent lamps are often considered the least energy efficient type of electric lighting commonly found in residential buildings. Although inefficient, incandescent lamps possess a number of key advantages--they are inexpensive to buy, turn on instantly, are available in a huge array of sizes and shapes and provide a pleasant, warm light with excellent color rendition.

Energy Efficiency - Incandescent

However, because of their relative inefficiency and short life spans, they are more expensive to operate than newer lighting types such as compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs)  and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). 

Energy Efficiency - Halogen Halogen lamps are 20% brighter than incandescent. Halogen floods are twice as bright as incandescent floods and produce white light. Halogen floods more efficiently place the light where you want it.

Energy Efficiency - Fluorescent

Fluorescent lamps produce 4 times more lumens per watt and last 20 times longer than incandescent lamps.

Energy Efficiency -LEDs Compared to traditional incandescent, energy-efficient light bulbs such as halogen incandescent, compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), and light emitting diodes (LEDs) have the following advantages: Typically use about 25%-80% less energy than traditional incandescent, saving you money. Can last 3-25 times longer.

California Lighting Codes, Title 24, Part 6 (Current 2017)

Kitchens: at least 50% of Wattage is high efficacy* *ef·fi·ca·cy - noun, plural efficacies. 1. capacity for producing a desired result or effect; effectiveness

California Lighting Codes, Title 24, Part 6 (Current 2017)

Kitchens: Requires luminaire wattage calculations and luminaire labeling, see Section 130.0 for details.

California Lighting Codes, Title 24, Part 6 (Current 2017)

Kitchens: Added low efficacy lighting: 50 watts for dwelling units ≤ 2,500 ft² or 100 watts for dwelling units > 2,500 ft² if lighting on dimmer or occupancy sensor.

California Lighting Codes, Title 24, Part 6 (Current 2017)

Bathrooms: At least one high efficacy fixture. All other fixtures high efficacy or vacancy sensor controlled.

California Lighting Codes, Title 24, Part 6 (Current 2017)

Garages, Laundry Rooms, and Utility Rooms: High efficacy AND vacancy controlled.

California Lighting Codes, Title 24, Part 6 (Current 2017)

All other rooms: High efficacy, OR controlled by dimmer or vacancy sensor.

California Lighting Codes, Title 24, Part 6 (Current 2017)

Cabinet lighting: No more than 20W per linear foot of cabinet. Requires a lighting calculation, see Section 130.0.

Types of Lighting Controls Lighting controls give you the ability to adjust the mood and ambiance in a room and let you create a lighting plan with multiple uses and decorative effects. Controls also allow you to lower your light level to conserve energy and increase bulb life and to match the intensity of the light to your activity.

Types of Lighting Controls Toggle dimmers vary the intensity of the lighting with a small slider positioned next to the toggle switch. The toggle allows you to turn the lights on and off, while the slider allows you to alter the intensity of the light. These are preset-type dimmers, which means you can set them at a favorite setting that will deliver the preset intensity each time you turn the switch on or off.

Types of Lighting Controls Slide dimmers provide full-range, manual dimming control. Some are equipped with a touch-button that allows you to return to the previous lighting level when the lights are turned on. Others have an indicator light that glows in the dark for easy location.

Types of Lighting Controls Rotary dimmers provide full- range, manual dimming control. Some are equipped with a push- button operation that allows you to turn the light on and off and return to the previous lighting level.

Types of Lighting Controls Touch dimmers allow you to vary the intensity of the lighting while depressing a button. These systems permit one-touch recall of the previous lighting level. Some are equipped with indicator lights that provide a continual readout of the lighting intensity and delay features that allow the operator time to exit a room before the lights turn off.

Types of Lighting Controls Integrated dimming systems allow you to create multiple preset lighting scenes within a room. Scenes can be recalled with the touch of a button from a single wall-box or with hand-held wireless remote controls. Some manufacturers have even started offering systems that can be programmed via mobile devices such as smart phones.

Dimmers Switches Use dimmers throughout the house.

Design with “Layers of Light” The more layers the better the room looks Each layer occupies one dimmer Layering example for a kitchen: Overhead recessed cans above floor, overhead recessed cans above counters, mini- pendants over island, under cabinet lights, inside cabinet lights, range hood light, nook light, art lights.

Look at the layers of light in this room.