kidney stone lab
Sixtonyplease read, on report i have the calculations. please read rubric
8 months ago
1
files (5)kidneystonestodo.pdf
Module2Pt2_PreLabPlan1.pdf
ResearchConnectionAssignmentDetailsGC2-S25.pdf
kidneystonereport.docx
- Book.pdf
kidneystonestodo.pdf
To do
Post-Lab Research Connection Assignment
According to the ACE-Labs model (read Pages 3 and 4 of the laboratory manual for details), this lab course also aims to create research connections for the students that will bring them closer to understanding research as a social endeavor. We attempt to facilitate students’ understanding of the relevance of scientific research in modern society. For many, the very complex and rapid scientific and technological development of our society can be a black box. We may perceive the advances in medicine and materials, technological gadgets, etc. but do not really comprehend their origin and their connection with scientific research.
Assignment Details
Read and follow the details below and in the rubric. Scroll this page all the way down so not to miss any important information regarding this assignment. Refer to the following PDF document to find the details of the rubric and some tips to complete this assignment successfully. Your instructor will follow the rubric to grade your assignment. Turnitin will be used to screen assignments for potential plagiarism. Refer to the links and resources shared in the syllabus regarding how to avoid plagiarism.
Submit a fully typed Word document addressing each part of the rubric. Note that the assignment should be completed individually and not as a group. Include your name, the date, and the title of the project at the top of the page. Your typed report must include:
1) Research Connection Article Section: Each student must search for a journal article, published in an accredited scientific peer-reviewed journal, that is related to the experiment you performed in this Module. The article must have been published within the last 7 years.
2) Experimental Results Section: Organize (in labeled tables) and present the results obtained for Week 1 and Week 2 of the project: "Kidney Stones" in this Module.
1) General Instructions for the Research Connection Article Section
• The article must discuss any of the techniques that were performed in the lab OR discuss the topic of the experiment.
• The article must have been published within the last 7 years.
• You need to read the article and answer ALL the questions in the rubric. Make sure to answer each question separately and with details, not just with a simply yes or no.
• Your assignment must be a TYPED Word document.
• You must include proper citations. This includes in-text citations after every answer and a regular citation at the end of the assignment.
• Follow the American Chemical Society, ACS-style citations. You can find details about ACS citations under the "Supporting Documents" Module.
2) General Instructions for the Experimental Results Section
• Separate your results into Week 1 and Week 2.
• For Week 1, organize the results obtained for the synthesis of the kidney stone. Make sure to include a descriptive title of the kidney stone type that was synthesized. Provide calculations for theoretical and percent yields for your synthetic kidney stone.
• For Week 2, provide a step-by-step sample calculation for determining the solubility product constant (Ksp) for one of your kidney stones.
Module2Pt2_PreLabPlan1.pdf
Project 2: Kidney Stones
Synthesis of Kidney Stones
CHM2046L, Section 011, Group 2 October 16th, 2025
Lab Partners: Kayce Boucher, Emily Morales, Ashley Nguyen,
and Sixto Sanchez.
Aim (Sixto Sanchez):
This experiment aims to determine whether various home medicines in dissolving the artificial
kidney stones are synthesized during the first week. The efficacy of each therapy, the stones'
solubility constant (Ksp) will be computed to compare their relative solubility. This will assist in
assessing the chemical elements that affect the dissolving of stones and provide an explanation
for the apparent or nonexistent effectiveness of each remedy.
Materials (Sixto Sanchez):
• Analytical balance
• Spatula or stirring rod
• Beaker: 100 mL and 250 mL
• Erlenmeyer flask: 125 mL
• Graduated cylinder: 10 mL
• Pipettes
• Vacuum filtration
• Funnel
• Drying plate
Chemicals/Hazards (Ashley Nguyen):
Chemical Name Chemical
Formula
Chemical
Weight
(g/mol)
Physical
Appearance
Specific
Hazards &
Additional
Notes
Deionized Water 𝐻2𝑂
18.0 g/mol Form: clear,
liquid
N/A
Calcium Phosphate 𝐶a3(𝑃𝑂4)2
234.05 g/mol Color: white
Form: odorless
power
If skin contact:
rinse skin with
water/shower
If eye contact:
rise with
Appearance:
crystalline
water, call
doctor
Not
combustible
but ambient
fire may
liberate vapors
Apple Cider Vinegar (acidic acid)
𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻
~60.052
g/mol
Physical state
& appearance:
liquid
Odor:
Pungent,
vinegar-like
Color: clear to
yellowish
brown tint
Avoid
breathing
vapor, contact
with eyes,
skin, and
clothing.
Treat or
dispose of
waste material
as a weak acid
Methods and Procedures (Kayce Boucher): • Weigh the artificial kidney stones using an analytical scale. • Measure 25 mL of the ACV in a 25 mL graduated cylinder. • Transfer this to a 50 mL beaker. • Set the beaker up on a magnetic stirrer plate. • Measure and record the pH of the solutions. • Place the stone into the beaker. • Allow the stone to react with the solution. • When the reaction is completed, filter the solution through a filter lined funnel into a
waste beaker. • Collect the remaining solid particles. • Dry the remaining solid particles.
• When it is dried weigh it using an analytical balance. Calculations (Emily Morales):
Formula to find the solubility constant:
“s” is the molar solubility of calcium phosphate, experimentally determined.
ResearchConnectionAssignmentDetailsGC2-S25.pdf
Research Connection Assignment-Detailed Rubric
General
Report
Content
1. Choose a concept/topic or a technique from the experiment you performed in this Module and find a
recent peer-reviewed scientific article that relates to the concept chosen.
2. Organize the results and include the calculations related to this project: Kidney Stones
Finding the
Journal
Article
How to search for a scientific article with free access
Use a scientific search engine such as:
- Google Scholar
- Science Direct
- Web of Science
- USF Library E-Journals
The article chosen should be published within the past seven (7) years.
Tip: Within your Canvas course, under the “Supporting Documents” Module, there is a resource titled
“Searching the Literature for Sources” that provides additional information on how to search the
literature for appropriate research articles.
The following questions you must be answered for the Research Connection portion of the assignment:
Research
Connection
Assignment
Questions
1) Which specific topic or technique did you find in the article to be related to the experiment you
performed in this Module? Give a clear short explanation of the connection between the two.
(4 pts.)
/14
2) A. What procedure(s) did the researchers utilize to meet the objective(s) of the experiment in the
article? Don't list the procedural steps. (4 pts.)
B. What results did they collect? Give a brief summary of the key results. (3 pts.)
C. How did they analyze their work? Summarize the techniques or approaches used. (3 pts.)
Experimental Results
The following details must be addressed in the experimental results portion of the assignment:
Week 1: Organize the results obtained for the synthesis of the kidney stone. Make sure to include a descriptive title of the kidney stone type that was synthesized. Provide calculations for theoretical and percent yields for your synthetic kidney stone. (10 pts.)
Week 2: Provide a step-by-step sample calculation for determining the solubility product constant (Ksp) for one of your kidney stones. (10 pts.)
/20
References
➢ Any idea, concept, application
etc., that did not originate
personally from you must be
cited.
➢ As a reminder, directly quoting
an external source is
unacceptable.
➢ You are required to paraphrase,
in your own words, all cited
information that appears in this
assignment.
➢ Plagiarism is unacceptable!
Any form of plagiarism will
result in a “0” for this
assignment or other relevant
academic penalties, according
to the Academic Integrity
Policy.
Follow the ACS (American Chemical Society) format and have
both, in-text citation (3pts) as well as the full citation under
references (3pts).
In- Text Citations:
❖ Cite both answers. The questions cannot be answered without
the details in the article.
❖ All in-text citations should be cited with a superscript number
and should match the appropriate cited external reference in
the references section.
❖ Superscript numbers are issued and listed based on the order
they appear in the document. Not based on the alphabetical last
name of the author of the external source you are citing.
Full Citation:
❖ List the full details of the article based on the ACS format and
any other source used to prepare the report.
❖ The sources must be numbered based on the corresponding
number cited in the text.
❖ If you are only citing the one article, the number should be one
(1). Same number for the in-text citation no matter how many
times you cite the source in the text.
Tip: Within your Canvas course under the “Supporting Documents”
Module, there is a resource entitled “American Chemical Society
Citation Sources” that provides guidance to the ACS format. The third
link covers details on in-text citations, and the second link covers
details on how to format the full citation based on the type of source
used.
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kidneystonereport.docx
Results
|
|
Mass (g) |
ML sample |
EDTA initial |
EDTA final |
EDTA final end point |
EDTA mol |
ca 2+ Concentration |
|
Flask #1 |
0.085 |
20 |
0 |
6.3 |
6.3 |
0.0003 |
0.02 |
|
Flask #2 |
0.11 |
20 |
0 |
4.7 |
4.7 |
0.0002 |
0.01 |
|
Flask #3 |
0.12 |
20 |
4.7 |
9 |
4.3 |
0.0002 |
0.01 |
Given Data
· Container Masses:
· Empty container: 2.59 g
· Container with solid: 7.28 g
· Actual yield (solid mass): 7.28 g - 2.59 g = 4.69 g
· Theoretical Yield: 3.0 g
· Percent Yield:
· (4.69 / 3.0) × 100 = 156.33%
· EDTA Titration Data:
· EDTA concentration: 0.05 M
· Flask #1:
· Mass: 0.085 g
· Sample volume: 20 mL
· EDTA volume: 4.3 mL
· Flask #2:
· Mass: 0.11 g
· Sample volume: 20 mL
· EDTA volume: 4.7 mL
· Flask #3:
· Mass: 0.12 g
· Sample volume: 20 mL
· EDTA volume: 4.3 mL
· Assumptions:
· EDTA reacts with Ca²⁺ in a 1:1 molar ratio.
· The 4.69 g solid is likely CaCO₃ (molar mass 100 g/mol), dissolved in ~436.3 mL, with 20 mL aliquots titrated.
· Flask masses (0.085 g, 0.11 g, 0.12 g) are subsamples of the 4.69 g solid.
Calculations
Flask #1
· EDTA Moles:
· EDTA volume: 4.3 mL = 0.0043 L
· EDTA concentration: 0.05 M
· EDTA moles: 0.05 × 0.0043 = 0.000215 mol
· Ca²⁺ Concentration:
· Ca²⁺ moles = EDTA moles = 0.000215 mol
· Sample volume: 20 mL = 0.02 L
· Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.000215 / 0.02 = 0.01075 M
Flask #2
· EDTA Moles:
· EDTA volume: 4.7 mL = 0.0047 L
· EDTA concentration: 0.05 M
· EDTA moles: 0.05 × 0.0047 = 0.000235 mol
· Ca²⁺ Concentration:
· Ca²⁺ moles = 0.000235 mol
· Sample volume: 20 mL = 0.02 L
· Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.000235 / 0.02 = 0.01175 M
Flask #3
· EDTA Moles:
· EDTA volume: 4.3 mL = 0.0043 L
· EDTA concentration: 0.05 M
· EDTA moles: 0.05 × 0.0043 = 0.000215 mol
· Ca²⁺ Concentration:
· Ca²⁺ moles = 0.000215 mol
· Sample volume: 20 mL = 0.02 L
· Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.000215 / 0.02 = 0.01075 M
Connection to 4.69 g Solid
· Solid Composition:
· Assume 4.69 g is CaCO₃
· Moles CaCO₃: 4.69 / 100 = 0.0469 mol
· Ca²⁺ moles: 0.0469 mol
· Dissolution Volume (using Flask #1):
· Ca²⁺ moles in 20 mL: 0.000215 mol
· If dissolved in volume V (L):
· 0.0469 × (0.02 / V) = 0.000215
· V = (0.0469 × 0.02) / 0.000215 ≈ 0.4363 L (436.3 mL)
· Ca²⁺ concentration in 436.3 mL: 0.0469 / 0.4363 ≈ 0.1075 M
· In 20 mL: 0.1075 × (0.02 / 0.4363) ≈ 0.00493 M (lower than 0.01075 M, suggesting impurities)
· Theoretical Yield (3.0 g CaCO₃):
· Moles CaCO₃: 3.0 / 100 = 0.03 mol
· In 436.3 mL: 0.03 / 0.4363 ≈ 0.0687 M
· In 20 mL: 0.0687 × (0.02 / 0.4363) ≈ 0.00315 M (lower than flask concentrations)
Final Answer
· Flask #1:
· EDTA moles: 0.000215 mol
· Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.01075 M
· Flask #2:
· EDTA moles: 0.000235 mol
· Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.01175 M
· Flask #3:
· EDTA moles: 0.000215 mol
· Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.01075 M
