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Chapter12Draft.pptx
Chapter11Draft.pptx

Chapter12Draft.pptx

Terrorism Today: The Past, The Players, The Future

6th Edition

Chapter 12

The Pacific Rim

Learning Outcomes

12.1 Summarize the supposed threat to China posed by the Falun Gong

12.2 Demonstrate how the use of nerve agents can be effective in terror campaigns

12.3 Describe how Afghan veterans are continuing to shape the Abu Sayyaf organization

12.4 Illustrate the rise of extreme Islam in Indonesia

Slide 2 is list of textbook LO numbers and statements

Figure 12.1 and 12.2

Maps of Hong Kong and China

12.1 Summarize the supposed threat to China posed by the Falun Gong

Strict government controls

Centrally controlled and well organized movement

Perceived as a threat to China’s Communist Party

Falun Gong

Semi religious group

Formed in early 1990’s

Crossed all socio-economic classes

Filled a spiritual need

Time of rapid changes in China

12.1 Falun Gong actions

1999 – confrontational approach

Hacking of TV and Radio stations

Six cities in six months

Ongoing in 2002

Tiananmen Square demonstration

Reminiscent of 1989 demonstration

Failed to persuade leadership to legitimize Falun Gong

January 2001 self immolation

Crackdown by Chinese

Heavy handed response and actions

China is a country unused to groups confronting its authority – that is exactly what Falun Gong set out to challenge – it broke into news broadcasts and began to send out its own messages.

Chinese authorities arrested thousands of activists who were openly Falun Gong

The number of Falun Gong members may be less than 2 million however they do have support and a presence outside China. Apart from spreading its message and breaking into broadcast it has not resorted to violence.

Many mainstream Chinese were appalled at the sights of young burnt women who had self immolated in Tiananmen Square – this probably did ore harm t the movement and was likely a coup for the government

Data produced by Falun Gong indicates that the Chinese have resorted to torture and force feeding of captured Falun Gong members.

12.1 China Response to Falun Gong

Persecution and arrests

Beatings, electric baton, and forced feeding

70-100 million adherents of Falun Gong before being banned

450,000 -1 million in labor camps

87,000 reported cases of torture since 1999

12.1 Pan-Turkic Movement – Uighurs (1 of 2)

Three separate dimensions

Uighurs – Chines Muslim minority sect

Insurgent movement – independence through ethnic struggle

Activists – established bases at home and abroad

Afghanistan – training and indoctrination – taught and train by al Qaeda

More than five hundred insurgents trained

12.1 Pan-Turkic Movement – Uighurs (2 of 2)

China – tight controls of Islam and all religions

Forcefully applied in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region (XUAR)

Limit access to mosques

Muslims forced to eat – Ramadan

Restriction on religious events and materials

Passports seized – pilgrimage restrictions

East Turkistan Islamic Movement (ETIM)

Small extreme Islamic group

Seek an independent Islamic state – East Turkistan

Figure 12.3

Map of Japan

12.2 Demonstrate how the use of nerve agents can be effective in terror campaigns

Aum Shinrikyo - Doomsday Cult – origins 1984

Founder – Shoko Asahara creates Aum 1987

Legal status as religious entity 1989

1500-2000 members – Japan university elite

Doctrine

Followed own interpretation of Buddhism

Nuclear Armageddon

Aum followers would be safe

12.2 Aum Shinrikyo (1 of 2)

Terror Campaign – 1994

Matsumoto – 300 kilometers from Tokyo

Released a computer controlled cloud

Sarin gas released in residential neighborhood

Target

Residence for three judges

Real estate lawsuit – Aum defendants

Attack judges

7 dead – 500 injured

12.2 Aum Shinrikyo (2 of 2)

1993 – Asahara

Experimenting with Anthrax, botulin toxin, cholera and Q fever

Sixteen cult doctors travel to Zaire

1994 – Russia radio station

Discuss using Ebola as a biological weapon

March 1995 – Tokyo Subways attacked

Packages left on trains

Five separate packages wrapped in newspaper

Coordinated – simultaneous attack – 15 stations contaminated

12 dead and 3,800 hospitalized

Figure 12.7

Map of the Philippines

12.3 Describe how Afghan veterans are continuing to shape the Abu Sayyaf organization

Abu Sayyaf – Bearer of the Sword

Origins in Afghanistan – Soviet invasion

Global jihad movement

Create Islamic state in the Philippines

Leadership met and influence by Osama bin Laden

Abdurajak Janjalani – Afghan mujahideen

Jamal Khalifa – Osama bin Laden’s brother-in-law

Support from Saudi Arabia

Janjalani – fought in Afghanistan

Training camp - Khost

12.3 Abu Sayyaf – Bearer of the Sword

Active in Philippines - Sulu archipelago and Mindanao

Thousands of islands – difficult terrain

Government unable to dislodge organization

Targets foreigners - Kidnappings, bombings and extortion

Beheading video

2014 pledged allegiance to Islamic State

Even with its proximity to Muslim countries in southern Asia its population is 90% Roman Catholic

Philippines has a broad based definition of terrorism

Three Islamic groups pose issue in the region – Abu Sayyaf, Jemaah Islamiyah and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front

Philippines made up of thousands of islands making it easy for groups to hide

Figure 12.10

Map of Indonesia

12.4 Illustrate the rise of extreme Islam in Indonesia

Indonesia – largest population of Muslims in the world

Indonesia – moderate form of Islam

Indonesia – area the size of the state of Texas

Indonesia – rapid growth – economic rehabilitation

Indonesia – rise in per capita income between 1966-1996

Indonesia – al Qaeda proxy Jemaah Islamiyah (JI)

12.4 Jemaah Islamiyah (JI)

Operates throughout Southeast Asia

Economic and military assets

Create an Islamic theocracy (Islamic state)

Unite Muslims – Thailand, Malaysia, Brunei and Southern Philippines

Common philosophy – strong links to al Qaeda

Most extensive transnational radical Islamist group in Southeast Asia

Figure 12.11

General Statistics

Total Attacks	7
Total Deaths	30
Total Wounded	448
Average Deaths per Attack	4.3
Average Wounded per Attack	64

General statistics on suicide attacks Indonesia 2000-2015

12.4 Jemaah Islamiyah leadership

Abdullah Sungkar and Abu Bakar Bashir

Yemeni born Indonesian clerics

Fled Mid East to Malaysia – mid 1980’s

Abu Bakar Bashir – spiritual leader

Bashir – split from JI

Forms Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid (JAT)

Calls for destruction – UK, USA, Philippines and Australia

JI – training camps – Philippines

Links – Ramzi Yousef – Bojinka plot

Liquid bomb plots - airlines

12.4 JI - targets

2000 Christian churches – Indonesia

2002 - Bali Night club bombs

2003 - Ferry terminal bombs

2003 - Jakarta J.W. Marriott

2004 Australian embassy

2005 Jimbaran Bay - tourist resorts Bali

2009 Jakarta J.W. Marriott, Ritz-Carlton

12.4 JI and Islamic State

Small numbers fighting alongside IS

Featured in beheading execution videos

JI – ‘far enemy’ attacks – non-productive

JI – focus on ‘near enemy’

IS – reinvigorated transnational networks across Southeast Asia

IS – terrorism in region rekindled

Al Qaeda on the Verandah of Mecca

12. Review Questions

1. Explain the methods adopted by the Chinese to control Falun Gong.

2. Describe how Abu Sayyaf continues to pose a threat to the Philippines.

3. Describe how Islamic State has managed to rekindle terrorism and recruiting in the region.

4. Describe how de-radicalization programs can help deny extremist

image2.png

image1.png

image3.png

image4.gif

image5.gif

image6.gif

image7.gif

image8.gif

image9.png

Chapter12Draft.pptx

Terrorism Today: The Past, The Players, The Future

6th Edition

Chapter 12

The Pacific Rim

Learning Outcomes

12.1 Summarize the supposed threat to China posed by the Falun Gong

12.2 Demonstrate how the use of nerve agents can be effective in terror campaigns

12.3 Describe how Afghan veterans are continuing to shape the Abu Sayyaf organization

12.4 Illustrate the rise of extreme Islam in Indonesia

Slide 2 is list of textbook LO numbers and statements

Figure 12.1 and 12.2

Maps of Hong Kong and China

12.1 Summarize the supposed threat to China posed by the Falun Gong

Strict government controls

Centrally controlled and well organized movement

Perceived as a threat to China’s Communist Party

Falun Gong

Semi religious group

Formed in early 1990’s

Crossed all socio-economic classes

Filled a spiritual need

Time of rapid changes in China

12.1 Falun Gong actions

1999 – confrontational approach

Hacking of TV and Radio stations

Six cities in six months

Ongoing in 2002

Tiananmen Square demonstration

Reminiscent of 1989 demonstration

Failed to persuade leadership to legitimize Falun Gong

January 2001 self immolation

Crackdown by Chinese

Heavy handed response and actions

China is a country unused to groups confronting its authority – that is exactly what Falun Gong set out to challenge – it broke into news broadcasts and began to send out its own messages.

Chinese authorities arrested thousands of activists who were openly Falun Gong

Data produced by Falun Gong indicates that the Chinese have resorted to torture and force feeding of captured Falun Gong members.

12.1 China Response to Falun Gong

Persecution and arrests

Beatings, electric baton, and forced feeding

70-100 million adherents of Falun Gong before being banned

450,000 -1 million in labor camps

87,000 reported cases of torture since 1999

12.1 Pan-Turkic Movement – Uighurs (1 of 2)

Three separate dimensions

Uighurs – Chines Muslim minority sect

Insurgent movement – independence through ethnic struggle

Activists – established bases at home and abroad

Afghanistan – training and indoctrination – taught and train by al Qaeda

More than five hundred insurgents trained

12.1 Pan-Turkic Movement – Uighurs (2 of 2)

China – tight controls of Islam and all religions

Forcefully applied in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region (XUAR)

Limit access to mosques

Muslims forced to eat – Ramadan

Restriction on religious events and materials

Passports seized – pilgrimage restrictions

East Turkistan Islamic Movement (ETIM)

Small extreme Islamic group

Seek an independent Islamic state – East Turkistan

Figure 12.3

Map of Japan

12.2 Demonstrate how the use of nerve agents can be effective in terror campaigns

Aum Shinrikyo - Doomsday Cult – origins 1984

Founder – Shoko Asahara creates Aum 1987

Legal status as religious entity 1989

1500-2000 members – Japan university elite

Doctrine

Followed own interpretation of Buddhism

Nuclear Armageddon

Aum followers would be safe

12.2 Aum Shinrikyo (1 of 2)

Terror Campaign – 1994

Matsumoto – 300 kilometers from Tokyo

Released a computer controlled cloud

Sarin gas released in residential neighborhood

Target

Residence for three judges

Real estate lawsuit – Aum defendants

Attack judges

7 dead – 500 injured

12.2 Aum Shinrikyo (2 of 2)

1993 – Asahara

Experimenting with Anthrax, botulin toxin, cholera and Q fever

Sixteen cult doctors travel to Zaire

1994 – Russia radio station

Discuss using Ebola as a biological weapon

March 1995 – Tokyo Subways attacked

Packages left on trains

Five separate packages wrapped in newspaper

Coordinated – simultaneous attack – 15 stations contaminated

12 dead and 3,800 hospitalized

Figure 12.7

Map of the Philippines

12.3 Describe how Afghan veterans are continuing to shape the Abu Sayyaf organization

Abu Sayyaf – Bearer of the Sword

Origins in Afghanistan – Soviet invasion

Global jihad movement

Create Islamic state in the Philippines

Leadership met and influence by Osama bin Laden

Abdurajak Janjalani – Afghan mujahideen

Jamal Khalifa – Osama bin Laden’s brother-in-law

Support from Saudi Arabia

Janjalani – fought in Afghanistan

Training camp - Khost

12.3 Abu Sayyaf – Bearer of the Sword

Active in Philippines - Sulu archipelago and Mindanao

Thousands of islands – difficult terrain

Government unable to dislodge organization

Targets foreigners - Kidnappings, bombings and extortion

Beheading video

2014 pledged allegiance to Islamic State

Even with its proximity to Muslim countries in southern Asia its population is 90% Roman Catholic

Philippines has a broad based definition of terrorism

Three Islamic groups pose issue in the region – Abu Sayyaf, Jemaah Islamiyah and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front

Philippines made up of thousands of islands making it easy for groups to hide

Figure 12.10

Map of Indonesia

12.4 Illustrate the rise of extreme Islam in Indonesia

Indonesia – largest population of Muslims in the world

Indonesia – moderate form of Islam

Indonesia – area the size of the state of Texas

Indonesia – rapid growth – economic rehabilitation

Indonesia – rise in per capita income between 1966-1996

Indonesia – al Qaeda proxy Jemaah Islamiyah (JI)

12.4 Jemaah Islamiyah (JI)

Operates throughout Southeast Asia

Economic and military assets

Create an Islamic theocracy (Islamic state)

Unite Muslims – Thailand, Malaysia, Brunei and Southern Philippines

Common philosophy – strong links to al Qaeda

Most extensive transnational radical Islamist group in Southeast Asia

Figure 12.11

General Statistics

Total Attacks	7
Total Deaths	30
Total Wounded	448
Average Deaths per Attack	4.3
Average Wounded per Attack	64

General statistics on suicide attacks Indonesia 2000-2015

12.4 Jemaah Islamiyah leadership

Abdullah Sungkar and Abu Bakar Bashir

Yemeni born Indonesian clerics

Fled Mid East to Malaysia – mid 1980’s

Abu Bakar Bashir – spiritual leader

Bashir – split from JI

Forms Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid (JAT)

Calls for destruction – UK, USA, Philippines and Australia

JI – training camps – Philippines

Links – Ramzi Yousef – Bojinka plot

Liquid bomb plots - airlines

12.4 JI - targets

2000 Christian churches – Indonesia

2002 - Bali Night club bombs

2003 - Ferry terminal bombs

2003 - Jakarta J.W. Marriott

2004 Australian embassy

2005 Jimbaran Bay - tourist resorts Bali

2009 Jakarta J.W. Marriott, Ritz-Carlton

12.4 JI and Islamic State

Small numbers fighting alongside IS

Featured in beheading execution videos

JI – ‘far enemy’ attacks – non-productive

JI – focus on ‘near enemy’

IS – reinvigorated transnational networks across Southeast Asia

IS – terrorism in region rekindled

Al Qaeda on the Verandah of Mecca

12. Review Questions

1. Explain the methods adopted by the Chinese to control Falun Gong.

2. Describe how Abu Sayyaf continues to pose a threat to the Philippines.

3. Describe how Islamic State has managed to rekindle terrorism and recruiting in the region.

4. Describe how de-radicalization programs can help deny extremist

image2.png

image1.png

image3.png

image4.gif

image5.gif

image6.gif

image7.gif

image8.gif

image9.png

Chapter12Draft.pptx

Terrorism Today: The Past, The Players, The Future

6th Edition

Chapter 12

The Pacific Rim

Learning Outcomes

12.1 Summarize the supposed threat to China posed by the Falun Gong

12.2 Demonstrate how the use of nerve agents can be effective in terror campaigns

12.3 Describe how Afghan veterans are continuing to shape the Abu Sayyaf organization

12.4 Illustrate the rise of extreme Islam in Indonesia

Slide 2 is list of textbook LO numbers and statements

Figure 12.1 and 12.2

Maps of Hong Kong and China

12.1 Summarize the supposed threat to China posed by the Falun Gong

Strict government controls

Centrally controlled and well organized movement

Perceived as a threat to China’s Communist Party

Falun Gong

Semi religious group

Formed in early 1990’s

Crossed all socio-economic classes

Filled a spiritual need

Time of rapid changes in China

12.1 Falun Gong actions

1999 – confrontational approach

Hacking of TV and Radio stations

Six cities in six months

Ongoing in 2002

Tiananmen Square demonstration

Reminiscent of 1989 demonstration

Failed to persuade leadership to legitimize Falun Gong

January 2001 self immolation

Crackdown by Chinese

Heavy handed response and actions

China is a country unused to groups confronting its authority – that is exactly what Falun Gong set out to challenge – it broke into news broadcasts and began to send out its own messages.

Chinese authorities arrested thousands of activists who were openly Falun Gong

Data produced by Falun Gong indicates that the Chinese have resorted to torture and force feeding of captured Falun Gong members.

12.1 China Response to Falun Gong

Persecution and arrests

Beatings, electric baton, and forced feeding

70-100 million adherents of Falun Gong before being banned

450,000 -1 million in labor camps

87,000 reported cases of torture since 1999

12.1 Pan-Turkic Movement – Uighurs (1 of 2)

Three separate dimensions

Uighurs – Chines Muslim minority sect

Insurgent movement – independence through ethnic struggle

Activists – established bases at home and abroad

Afghanistan – training and indoctrination – taught and train by al Qaeda

More than five hundred insurgents trained

12.1 Pan-Turkic Movement – Uighurs (2 of 2)

China – tight controls of Islam and all religions

Forcefully applied in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region (XUAR)

Limit access to mosques

Muslims forced to eat – Ramadan

Restriction on religious events and materials

Passports seized – pilgrimage restrictions

East Turkistan Islamic Movement (ETIM)

Small extreme Islamic group

Seek an independent Islamic state – East Turkistan

Figure 12.3

Map of Japan

12.2 Demonstrate how the use of nerve agents can be effective in terror campaigns

Aum Shinrikyo - Doomsday Cult – origins 1984

Founder – Shoko Asahara creates Aum 1987

Legal status as religious entity 1989

1500-2000 members – Japan university elite

Doctrine

Followed own interpretation of Buddhism

Nuclear Armageddon

Aum followers would be safe

12.2 Aum Shinrikyo (1 of 2)

Terror Campaign – 1994

Matsumoto – 300 kilometers from Tokyo

Released a computer controlled cloud

Sarin gas released in residential neighborhood

Target

Residence for three judges

Real estate lawsuit – Aum defendants

Attack judges

7 dead – 500 injured

12.2 Aum Shinrikyo (2 of 2)

1993 – Asahara

Experimenting with Anthrax, botulin toxin, cholera and Q fever

Sixteen cult doctors travel to Zaire

1994 – Russia radio station

Discuss using Ebola as a biological weapon

March 1995 – Tokyo Subways attacked

Packages left on trains

Five separate packages wrapped in newspaper

Coordinated – simultaneous attack – 15 stations contaminated

12 dead and 3,800 hospitalized

Figure 12.7

Map of the Philippines

12.3 Describe how Afghan veterans are continuing to shape the Abu Sayyaf organization

Abu Sayyaf – Bearer of the Sword

Origins in Afghanistan – Soviet invasion

Global jihad movement

Create Islamic state in the Philippines

Leadership met and influence by Osama bin Laden

Abdurajak Janjalani – Afghan mujahideen

Jamal Khalifa – Osama bin Laden’s brother-in-law

Support from Saudi Arabia

Janjalani – fought in Afghanistan

Training camp - Khost

12.3 Abu Sayyaf – Bearer of the Sword

Active in Philippines - Sulu archipelago and Mindanao

Thousands of islands – difficult terrain

Government unable to dislodge organization

Targets foreigners - Kidnappings, bombings and extortion

Beheading video

2014 pledged allegiance to Islamic State

Even with its proximity to Muslim countries in southern Asia its population is 90% Roman Catholic

Philippines has a broad based definition of terrorism

Three Islamic groups pose issue in the region – Abu Sayyaf, Jemaah Islamiyah and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front

Philippines made up of thousands of islands making it easy for groups to hide

Figure 12.10

Map of Indonesia

12.4 Illustrate the rise of extreme Islam in Indonesia

Indonesia – largest population of Muslims in the world

Indonesia – moderate form of Islam

Indonesia – area the size of the state of Texas

Indonesia – rapid growth – economic rehabilitation

Indonesia – rise in per capita income between 1966-1996

Indonesia – al Qaeda proxy Jemaah Islamiyah (JI)

12.4 Jemaah Islamiyah (JI)

Operates throughout Southeast Asia

Economic and military assets

Create an Islamic theocracy (Islamic state)

Unite Muslims – Thailand, Malaysia, Brunei and Southern Philippines

Common philosophy – strong links to al Qaeda

Most extensive transnational radical Islamist group in Southeast Asia

Figure 12.11

General Statistics

Total Attacks	7
Total Deaths	30
Total Wounded	448
Average Deaths per Attack	4.3
Average Wounded per Attack	64

General statistics on suicide attacks Indonesia 2000-2015

12.4 Jemaah Islamiyah leadership

Abdullah Sungkar and Abu Bakar Bashir

Yemeni born Indonesian clerics

Fled Mid East to Malaysia – mid 1980’s

Abu Bakar Bashir – spiritual leader

Bashir – split from JI

Forms Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid (JAT)

Calls for destruction – UK, USA, Philippines and Australia

JI – training camps – Philippines

Links – Ramzi Yousef – Bojinka plot

Liquid bomb plots - airlines

12.4 JI - targets

2000 Christian churches – Indonesia

2002 - Bali Night club bombs

2003 - Ferry terminal bombs

2003 - Jakarta J.W. Marriott

2004 Australian embassy

2005 Jimbaran Bay - tourist resorts Bali

2009 Jakarta J.W. Marriott, Ritz-Carlton

12.4 JI and Islamic State

Small numbers fighting alongside IS

Featured in beheading execution videos

JI – ‘far enemy’ attacks – non-productive

JI – focus on ‘near enemy’

IS – reinvigorated transnational networks across Southeast Asia

IS – terrorism in region rekindled

Al Qaeda on the Verandah of Mecca

12. Review Questions

1. Explain the methods adopted by the Chinese to control Falun Gong.

2. Describe how Abu Sayyaf continues to pose a threat to the Philippines.

3. Describe how Islamic State has managed to rekindle terrorism and recruiting in the region.