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Annotated Bibliography

Alkouatli, C. (2023). “We’re Trying to Raise Muslim Kids, Right?” Muslim Educators’ Narratives of Human Development. Cognition and Instruction, 41(1), 32–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/07370008.2022.2073355

Alkouati shows the perspective of Muslim educators on human development. It highlights the unique difficulties and resources that Muslim parents in Canada experience. She also emphasizes that there is little empirical research exploring human development in a Muslim household.

Behrman, J. A., & Erman, J. (2019). An exploration of differences in ideal family size between Muslim and non-Muslim women in France. Demographic Research, 41, 617–648. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26850662

This paper dives into why Muslim women usually have more children than non-Muslim women in France. It explores the socioeconomic and sociocultural factors leading to bigger family sizes. The authors concluded that it is due to religious ideals. This text will be used to point out how family sizes in Muslim households affect children.

Benaouda Bensaid. (2021). An Overview of Muslim Spiritual Parenting. Religions, 12(12), 1057. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12121057

This article by Benaouda Bemsaid highlights how the life of Muslim individuals and families often revolves around fundamental spirituality. Muslim parents try to find ways to raise their children in a nurturing way while teaching them Islamic values. It is a theoretical study that explores holistic spiritual parenting combined with modernity that a lot of Muslim parents are now following.

Blumenthal, R. (2012). LOOKING FOR HOME IN THE ISLAMIC DIASPORA OF AYAAN HIRSI ALI, AZAR NAFISI, AND KHALED HOSSEINI. Arab Studies Quarterly, 34(4), 250–264. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41858711

This article by Rachel Blumenthal explores why Muslims in the diaspora are conflicted between following Western or Islamic ideals. It analyzes texts from both moderate and extremist Muslims discussing their path towards assimilation or keeping their home as Islamic as possible. This article will be used to show different perspectives of how Muslim homes are throughout the Western world.

Bornstein, M. H., Putnick, D. L., Lansford, J. E., Al-Hassan, S. M., Bacchini, D., Bombi, A. S., Chang, L., Deater-Deckard, K., Di Giunta, L., Dodge, K. A., Malone, P. S., Oburu, P., Pastorelli, C., Skinner, A. T., Sorbring, E., Steinberg, L., Tapanya, S., Tirado, L. M. U., Zelli, A., & Alampay, L. P. (2017). ‘Mixed blessings’ Parental religiousness, parenting, and child adjustment in global perspective. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 58(8), 880–892. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12705

This article explores the effects of religion on parenting and child development. The study came to the conclusion that parents’ religion can have positive and negative effects on their children. Religious parents are often more controlling but create structure.

Boyle, H. N. (2006). Memorization and Learning in Islamic Schools. Comparative Education Review, 50(3), 478–495. https://doi.org/10.1086/504819

This article dives into the culture of Islamic schools. Boyle points out how both non-Muslims and Muslims have criticized such schools for “creating terrorists” and being extremists. She states that this belief only applies to a very small percentage of Islamic schools, and it should not be a generalization. This article is helpful because it shows the teaching of Islamic values outside the household.

English, H. B. (1926). The Conflict between Science and Religion. The Scientific Monthly, 23(5), 423–426. http://www.jstor.org/stable/7418

This journal article explores the historical circumstances of the emergence of the dual categories of science and religion. Both concepts can coexist with a level of discernment because they do not always cancel each other. Horace English also claims that science has somewhat replaced religion.

Evans, J. H. (2018). The Academic Analysts of the Relationship Between Religion and Science. In Morals Not Knowledge: Recasting the Contemporary U.S. Conflict between Religion and Science (1st ed., pp. 44–62). University of California Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt2204r5c.6

This chapter touches on the relationship between science and religion. It takes the historian and sociologist perspective of analyzing systematic knowledge conflict. The chapter is helpful because the childhood book discussed in my research paper claims that the Quran has many scientific facts.

Hussain, J. (2018). CHALLENGES AND STRENGTHS OF MUSLIM PARENTS RAISING THEIR CHILDREN IN THE UNITED STATES (Publication No. 19929) [Doctoral dissertation, Texas Woman's University]. https://twu-ir.tdl.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/1ce8fe64-b527-4da3-b966-e66a5ab3d795/content

This dissertation discusses the challenges and strengths of raising a Muslim child in the United States. It focuses on the perspective of 15 Muslim parents who are all immigrants. It also highlights the difficulty of balancing American and Islamic values. This text is helpful because it touches on the struggles of raising children in the US.

Kosarkova, A., Malinakova, K., Koncalova, Z., Tavel, P., & van Dijk, J. P. (2020). Childhood Trauma Is Associated with the Spirituality of Non-Religious Respondents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041268

Studies have mainly shown that religion and spirituality have a positive impact on healthy attitudes and behavior. It has also been linked to a lower occurrence of anxiety and depressive symptoms because religion is a coping mechanism. Religion and spirituality have also been linked with childhood trauma, especially for individuals who either changed religions or became atheists.

Chapter Summaries: The Muslim Parent’s Guide to the Early Years

Chapter 1: THE ROLE OF PARENTS

This chapter touches on the importance of parents in early life and how they are often role models to their children. It emphasizes how important it is to know your children and their personalities to be able to bond with them. So, it is essential to spend time with them and appreciate their hobbies (as long as they do not go against Islam). Finally, the book brings up how essential a parent’s role is in bringing up a child with Muslim values.

Chapter 2: CREATING AN ISLAMIC HOME

The chapter starts by emphasizing how important the home is to raising a child. The author states that the home is the child’s first school, so it is important to instill values early on. According to this chapter, from a very young age, the people living in the home must be religious role models by praying, reading the Quran, and following the commandments. It also says that true Islamic homes should not allow any music, including instruments because it goes against the religion. Images of humans and animals are also prohibited.

Chapter 3: CREATING A CHILD FRIENDLY HOME

This chapter is a follow-up to the last one, focusing on non-Islamic home essentials. It says that as role models, parents must have a good relationship for children to have a happy home. The presentation of the house is also important. While it is important to remove anything forbidden by Islam, having decorations such as lights and plants makes the house more welcoming. The last thing discussed in the chapter is the importance of having rules. Many of the rules should follow Islam and the others depending on a parent’s preference and how the child act.

Chapter 4: RAISING A HEALTHY CHILD

This chapter focuses on healthy habits. Healthy food is essential to a child’s growth. The food has to be halal due to religious beliefs, so checking labels is important. Physical activities help drain children’s energy and help them stay in shape. Hygiene is an important part of Islam, so keeping your kids clean by taking frequent baths, brushing their teeth, and potty training will keep them healthier. Wudu (cleansing ritual before praying) should also be taught early.

Chapter 5: HOW TO DEAL WITH A DISRUPTIVE CHILD

The chapter starts by emphasizing that a parent must nurture their child and guide them. Rules are needed to prevent disruptive kids; not only do they set boundaries, but they show kids who is in charge. It then states other reasons a child may be disruptive, such as neglect, boredom, and parent problems. When disciplining a child, it is important to treat them with respect, as you would treat an adult. To prevent disruptive children, spend time with them and implement reward charts. The only forms of discipline the chapter recommends are time out, communication, and patience.

Chapter 6: INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT AND PLAY

Play is an essential part of a child’s development. The Quran should play an important part in the child’s intellectual development. The book will give them knowledge about science, history, mathematics, and language while providing comfort to their heart. Having age- appropriate activities will protect them from outside influences.

Chapter 7: CHILD DEVELOPMENT

Talking to your child like you would talk to an adult will help them start talking. Not interrupting them while they are talking because their opinions matter. Using Islamic-themed nursery rhymes will help them become better Muslims. The book states that it is also essential to include a child's hobbies in the activities planned because it makes them feel seen. Finally, a parent should include Islam in most developmental activities.

Chapter 8: PLANNING YOUR DAY AND ACTIVITIES

Planning your day around prayer time will make it easier to do all five prayers while putting structure into your child’s day. Thoroughly planning your activities in advance makes everything go smoothly. A child may not respond to certain activities, but it is essential to stay patient. The most crucial part is having fun and bonding with your children.

Chapter 9: OBSERVING YOUR CHILD

Observing your child can help a parent see how the child is progressing, pick up on attitude changes, and learn their personality.

Annotated Bibliography

Alkouatli, C. (2023). “We’re Trying to Raise Muslim Kids, Right?” Muslim Educators’ Narratives of Human Development. Cognition and Instruction, 41(1), 32–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/07370008.2022.2073355

Alkouati shows the perspective of Muslim educators on human development. It highlights the unique difficulties and resources that Muslim parents in Canada experience. She also emphasizes that there is little empirical research exploring human development in a Muslim household.

Behrman, J. A., & Erman, J. (2019). An exploration of differences in ideal family size between Muslim and non-Muslim women in France. Demographic Research, 41, 617–648. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26850662

This paper dives into why Muslim women usually have more children than non-Muslim women in France. It explores the socioeconomic and sociocultural factors leading to bigger family sizes. The authors concluded that it is due to religious ideals. This text will be used to point out how family sizes in Muslim households affect children.

Benaouda Bensaid. (2021). An Overview of Muslim Spiritual Parenting. Religions, 12(12), 1057. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12121057

This article by Benaouda Bemsaid highlights how the life of Muslim individuals and families often revolves around fundamental spirituality. Muslim parents try to find ways to raise their children in a nurturing way while teaching them Islamic values. It is a theoretical study that explores holistic spiritual parenting combined with modernity that a lot of Muslim parents are now following.

Blumenthal, R. (2012). LOOKING FOR HOME IN THE ISLAMIC DIASPORA OF AYAAN HIRSI ALI, AZAR NAFISI, AND KHALED HOSSEINI. Arab Studies Quarterly, 34(4), 250–264. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41858711

This article by Rachel Blumenthal explores why Muslims in the diaspora are conflicted between following Western or Islamic ideals. It analyzes texts from both moderate and extremist Muslims discussing their path towards assimilation or keeping their home as Islamic as possible. This article will be used to show different perspectives of how Muslim homes are throughout the Western world.

Bornstein, M. H., Putnick, D. L., Lansford, J. E., Al-Hassan, S. M., Bacchini, D., Bombi, A. S., Chang, L., Deater-Deckard, K., Di Giunta, L., Dodge, K. A., Malone, P. S., Oburu, P., Pastorelli, C., Skinner, A. T., Sorbring, E., Steinberg, L., Tapanya, S., Tirado, L. M. U., Zelli, A., & Alampay, L. P. (2017). ‘Mixed blessings’ Parental religiousness, parenting, and child adjustment in global perspective. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 58(8), 880–892. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12705

This article explores the effects of religion on parenting and child development. The study came to the conclusion that parents’ religion can have positive and negative effects on their children. Religious parents are often more controlling but create structure.

Boyle, H. N. (2006). Memorization and Learning in Islamic Schools. Comparative Education Review, 50(3), 478–495. https://doi.org/10.1086/504819

This article dives into the culture of Islamic schools. Boyle points out how both non-Muslims and Muslims have criticized such schools for “creating terrorists” and being extremists. She states that this belief only applies to a very small percentage of Islamic schools, and it should not be a generalization. This article is helpful because it shows the teaching of Islamic values outside the household.

English, H. B. (1926). The Conflict between Science and Religion. The Scientific Monthly, 23(5), 423–426. http://www.jstor.org/stable/7418

This journal article explores the historical circumstances of the emergence of the dual categories of science and religion. Both concepts can coexist with a level of discernment because they do not always cancel each other. Horace English also claims that science has somewhat replaced religion.

Evans, J. H. (2018). The Academic Analysts of the Relationship Between Religion and Science. In Morals Not Knowledge: Recasting the Contemporary U.S. Conflict between Religion and Science (1st ed., pp. 44–62). University of California Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt2204r5c.6

This chapter touches on the relationship between science and religion. It takes the historian and sociologist perspective of analyzing systematic knowledge conflict. The chapter is helpful because the childhood book discussed in my research paper claims that the Quran has many scientific facts.

Hussain, J. (2018). CHALLENGES AND STRENGTHS OF MUSLIM PARENTS RAISING THEIR CHILDREN IN THE UNITED STATES (Publication No. 19929) [Doctoral dissertation, Texas Woman's University]. https://twu-ir.tdl.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/1ce8fe64-b527-4da3-b966-e66a5ab3d795/content

This dissertation discusses the challenges and strengths of raising a Muslim child in the United States. It focuses on the perspective of 15 Muslim parents who are all immigrants. It also highlights the difficulty of balancing American and Islamic values. This text is helpful because it touches on the struggles of raising children in the US.

Kosarkova, A., Malinakova, K., Koncalova, Z., Tavel, P., & van Dijk, J. P. (2020). Childhood Trauma Is Associated with the Spirituality of Non-Religious Respondents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041268

Studies have mainly shown that religion and spirituality have a positive impact on healthy attitudes and behavior. It has also been linked to a lower occurrence of anxiety and depressive symptoms because religion is a coping mechanism. Religion and spirituality have also been linked with childhood trauma, especially for individuals who either changed religions or became atheists.