Islamic+spain

ch-09-PPTaccessible.pptx

Architecture and Interior Design: An Integrated History to the Present

First Edition

Chapter 9

Islamic

7th – 17th Centuries

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1

Islamic

Unique form & decoration

Influences: religion, design traditions of various tribes, aesthetic sensibilities of artists & builders

Dense, flat patterns composed of geometric forms & curving tendrils

Dematerializes form, creates visual complexity

Common in all arts

Also unique: calligraphy integrated into decoration

Islam, 3rd of great monotheistic Semitic religions--Judaism, Christianity

Based upon teachings of Prophet Muhammad

2

Concepts

Art, architecture evolve from & reflect religion

All over surface patterns & calligraphy--geometry, precision nature, science, mathematics

Universal principles established by Allah (God)

Unity, order: nature & universe as created by Allah

Repetition, repeating themes, such as arabesque

Suggest infinity & infinite power of Allah

Individual’s position & family: separate public & private space, gendered spaces

No human figures—idolatry prohibited

Motifs: meanders, stars, frets, swastikas, rosettes, vines, scrolls, tendrils, arabesques, calligraphy

3

9.1a

Motifs: Top left: Spain; bottom left: Turkey; top right: lunette, 1575; Turkey. Islamic

9.1b

Motifs: Top: Persia; bottom: Calligraphy; Spain. Islamic

Architecture

Consistent form, construction, decoration across empire & cultures

Assimilate construction methods & ornament from conquered people—Byzantium, Greece, Egypt, Middle East

Unique building types & forms—religion, climate

Distinct public & private areas—cities, buildings, private houses

Order, repetition, radiating structures, dense pattern on most surfaces

Unique arch forms & dome shapes

Types: mosques, madrasahs, forts, palaces, townhouses

Interior courtyards characteristic

9.2

Architectural Details: Door from Blue Mosque; Turkey and horseshoe (Moorish) arch. Islamic.

*9.3

Dome of the Rock, begun 688 C.E.; Jerusalem, Israel; built on the spot where the Prophet is believed to have been carried to heaven. Islamic.

*Substitute image.

8

9.4

Masjid-i-Shad (Great Mosque), 1612-1638; Isfahan, Iran; by Maydan Naqushi-i-Jahan.

9

9.5

Mausoleum of the Taj Mahal, 1630-1653. Agra, India. Islamic.

10

*9.6a

The Alhambra, Court of the Lions, 1338-1390 and later; Granada, Spain. Islamic.

*Substitute image.

11

9.6b

The Alhambra, floor plan and Iwan or Reception Hall, 1338-1390 and later; Granada, Spain. Islamic.

Long Description:

The Alhambra has Mexuar on the left. The court of the Cuarto Dorado is next to the mexuar. The hall of the ambassadors is on the top. The court of Myrtles is in the middle. The baths and the hall of two sisters are in the middle. The court of the lions is on the right. The hall of the Abencerrajes is at the bottom right. The palace of Charles roman five is at the bottom left.

12

9.6c

The Alhambra, Court of the Lions and wall decoration; 1338-1390; Granada, Spain. Islamic.

Interiors

Complex, colorful surface patterns—floors, walls, ceilings

Arched, vaulted, domed spaces

Mosque interiors for prayer & contemplation although lavish decoration

Decoration conveys status in homes

Water & light important

Multifunctional room use

Public, private; male, female spaces clearly separated

Few furnishings

Rugs--high art form & same decorative system, colors & visual complexity as art, architecture

9.8

Interior and floor plan, Great Mosque, begun 785 C.E.; Córdoba, Spain. Islamic.

9.9

Interior, Jezzar Pasha Mosque, 1781-1782; Acre, Israel. Islamic.

16

9-12

Damascus Room (Nur-al-Din), 1707; Damascus, Syria. Islamic.

Image © The Metropolitan Museum of Art/Art Resource, N Y

9.13a

Interiors of the harem, Topkapi Palace, begun 1454; Istanbul, Turkey; Islamic.

9.13b

Interior of the harem, Topkapi Palace, begun 1454; Istanbul, Turkey; Islamic.

19

9.14a

Rugs: Ghiordes (Turkish) and Senna (Persian) knots.

Long Description:

The Ghiordes knot brings both tuft ends to the surface together between two warp yarns. The Senneh knot is an asymmetrical knot in which the yarn runs in a loop around one warp thread while lying loose under the other warp thread.

20

9.14b

Rugs: Persian rugs, 17th-19th centuries. Islamic.

Furnishings and Decorative Arts

Originally nomadic tribes so little movable furniture

Usually numerous textiles in residences

Rugs & pillows--general seating areas

Important people sit under canopies

Chests for storage

Mosques: rugs, basins, Koran stands, lamps

19th century European furnishings

Dining sets, beds, sideboards

9.15

Koran stand of inlaid and pierced wood. Islamic.

23

9.16

Decorative Arts: Plate and vase with calligraphy, floral, and Islamic motifs. Islamic

Copyright

This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted. The work and materials from it should never be made available to students except by instructors using the accompanying text in their classes. All recipients of this work are expected to abide by these restrictions and to honor the intended pedagogical purposes and the needs of other instructors who rely on these materials.

25

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ch-09-PPTaccessible.pptx

Architecture and Interior Design: An Integrated History to the Present

First Edition

Chapter 9

Islamic

7th – 17th Centuries

If this PowerPoint presentation contains mathematical equations, you may need to check that your computer has the following installed:

1) Math Type Plugin

2) Math Player (free versions available)

3) NVDA Reader (free versions available)

1

Islamic

Unique form & decoration

Influences: religion, design traditions of various tribes, aesthetic sensibilities of artists & builders

Dense, flat patterns composed of geometric forms & curving tendrils

Dematerializes form, creates visual complexity

Common in all arts

Also unique: calligraphy integrated into decoration

Islam, 3rd of great monotheistic Semitic religions--Judaism, Christianity

Based upon teachings of Prophet Muhammad

2

Concepts

Art, architecture evolve from & reflect religion

All over surface patterns & calligraphy--geometry, precision nature, science, mathematics

Universal principles established by Allah (God)

Unity, order: nature & universe as created by Allah

Repetition, repeating themes, such as arabesque

Suggest infinity & infinite power of Allah

Individual’s position & family: separate public & private space, gendered spaces

No human figures—idolatry prohibited

Motifs: meanders, stars, frets, swastikas, rosettes, vines, scrolls, tendrils, arabesques, calligraphy

3

9.1a

Motifs: Top left: Spain; bottom left: Turkey; top right: lunette, 1575; Turkey. Islamic

9.1b

Motifs: Top: Persia; bottom: Calligraphy; Spain. Islamic

Architecture

Consistent form, construction, decoration across empire & cultures

Assimilate construction methods & ornament from conquered people—Byzantium, Greece, Egypt, Middle East

Unique building types & forms—religion, climate

Distinct public & private areas—cities, buildings, private houses

Order, repetition, radiating structures, dense pattern on most surfaces

Unique arch forms & dome shapes

Types: mosques, madrasahs, forts, palaces, townhouses

Interior courtyards characteristic

9.2

Architectural Details: Door from Blue Mosque; Turkey and horseshoe (Moorish) arch. Islamic.

*9.3

Dome of the Rock, begun 688 C.E.; Jerusalem, Israel; built on the spot where the Prophet is believed to have been carried to heaven. Islamic.

*Substitute image.

8

9.4

Masjid-i-Shad (Great Mosque), 1612-1638; Isfahan, Iran; by Maydan Naqushi-i-Jahan.

9

9.5

Mausoleum of the Taj Mahal, 1630-1653. Agra, India. Islamic.

10

*9.6a

The Alhambra, Court of the Lions, 1338-1390 and later; Granada, Spain. Islamic.

*Substitute image.

11

9.6b

The Alhambra, floor plan and Iwan or Reception Hall, 1338-1390 and later; Granada, Spain. Islamic.

Long Description:

The Alhambra has Mexuar on the left. The court of the Cuarto Dorado is next to the mexuar. The hall of the ambassadors is on the top. The court of Myrtles is in the middle. The baths and the hall of two sisters are in the middle. The court of the lions is on the right. The hall of the Abencerrajes is at the bottom right. The palace of Charles roman five is at the bottom left.

12

9.6c

The Alhambra, Court of the Lions and wall decoration; 1338-1390; Granada, Spain. Islamic.

Interiors

Complex, colorful surface patterns—floors, walls, ceilings

Arched, vaulted, domed spaces

Mosque interiors for prayer & contemplation although lavish decoration

Decoration conveys status in homes

Water & light important

Multifunctional room use

Public, private; male, female spaces clearly separated

Few furnishings

Rugs--high art form & same decorative system, colors & visual complexity as art, architecture

9.8

Interior and floor plan, Great Mosque, begun 785 C.E.; Córdoba, Spain. Islamic.

9.9

Interior, Jezzar Pasha Mosque, 1781-1782; Acre, Israel. Islamic.

16

9-12

Damascus Room (Nur-al-Din), 1707; Damascus, Syria. Islamic.

9.13a

Interiors of the harem, Topkapi Palace, begun 1454; Istanbul, Turkey; Islamic.

9.13b

Interior of the harem, Topkapi Palace, begun 1454; Istanbul, Turkey; Islamic.

19

9.14a

Rugs: Ghiordes (Turkish) and Senna (Persian) knots.

Long Description:

The Ghiordes knot brings both tuft ends to the surface together between two warp yarns. The Senneh knot is an asymmetrical knot in which the yarn runs in a loop around one warp thread while lying loose under the other warp thread.

20

9.14b

Rugs: Persian rugs, 17th-19th centuries. Islamic.

Furnishings and Decorative Arts

Originally nomadic tribes so little movable furniture

Usually numerous textiles in residences

Rugs & pillows--general seating areas

Important people sit under canopies

Chests for storage

Mosques: rugs, basins, Koran stands, lamps

19th century European furnishings

Dining sets, beds, sideboards

9.15

Koran stand of inlaid and pierced wood. Islamic.

23

9.16

Decorative Arts: Plate and vase with calligraphy, floral, and Islamic motifs. Islamic

Copyright

This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted. The work and materials from it should never be made available to students except by instructors using the accompanying text in their classes. All recipients of this work are expected to abide by these restrictions and to honor the intended pedagogical purposes and the needs of other instructors who rely on these materials.

ch-09-PPTaccessible.pptx

ch-09-PPTaccessible.pptx

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ch-09-PPTaccessible.pptx

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