International Relations

Research Paper Assignment INR 2002 PAPER ASSIGNMENT Paper Basics In the latter portion of the course we are going to consider a number of contemporary issues in international relations. Some of them are extremely broad (international political economics, war), others are just somewhat extremely broad (nuclear proliferation, terrorism). Either way, we are only going to scratch the surface of these issues. I would like to give you an opportunity to dig a little deeper into some issue in contemporary international relations. In this assignment I ask you to pick a topic of interest – it could be something like a specific event (a war between two countries, a nonmilitary conflict like Iran’s potential nuclear weapons, etc.) or something broader but thematic (climate change or cyberwarfare). The key is going to be picking a topic that is narrow enough to deal with in a minimum 2000-3000 word paper (that's roughly 8 to 12 pages). The topic must be contemporary. That means it must involve events that have happened after 1989. I'd strongly prefer you not pick COVID as a topic, both because I've read several hundred papers on it and because people end up writing about things that have nothing to do with international relations. Once you have your topic, you should use the paper to answer the following questions about it: 1) Give a BRIEF summary of your topic. What are the major relevant details about the subject? This should be NO MORE THAN 750 WORDS. That’s why you need to narrow your topic before you sit down to write your paper. 2) Are there any relevant international agreements about your topic? Has the United Nations or other IGO’s dealt with your topic? What NGO's are active in this area and what are their goals? 3) Who are the (most) relevant countries? What are their interests or goals as regards your topic? Go beyond just restating what you said in Question 1. 4) Analyze your topic from a realist. a liberal, and a constructivist perspective. How would each approach explain the way countries and individuals have behaved in your topic? For this question specifically you will not need and should not use any outside research - the textbook and course videos are sufficient. I would like to see you apply what you've learned about the theories to your topic. You should still make sure to cite specific pages in the book/course videos but you should not cite outside sources just for this one specific part of the paper.

5) What is the future of your topic?

Possible Topics You can choose from the list below or choose your own. A list of possible topics might include: relations between South Korea and North Korea, relations between the US and Cuba, the Russia-Ukraine crisis, Iran (or North Korea) and nuclear proliferation, Brexit, NAFTA/USMCA, Security Council reform, anything to do with the 2008 economic crisis (i.e. not domestic) such as the European debt crisis, cybersecurity, global poverty, development in the global South, AIDS or any other epidemic (but focus on the international relations of it and not the science), the looming demographic crisis in economically developed countries, immigration INTERNATIONALLY (i.e. not specifically about the US), water access, climate change, etc. As a reminder, it must be a contemporary topic, meaning it involves things that have happened since 1989 or later. You can structure your paper any way you see fit, so long as you address the above questions. I would suggest breaking your paper down into an introduction in which you lay out what will be in the rest of the paper, five separate sections (each dealing with a question) and a conclusion, to match the attached rubric. Make sure to read the rubric at the end of the paper assignment for guidance on what each section should contain. Please note that you should not just write a five paragraph essay with each of the above questions being a paragraph. Generally each question should take you several/numerous paragraphs to answer.

Formatting The total length of the paper is 2000 to 2500 words. That is roughly 8 to 10 double- spaced pages with normal font and margins. Please put the word count on the front page of your paper. The word count does not include the works cited page. Pretty much every word processing program has a way of automatically counting words for you. If you are unsure how to do this, let me know and I will show you. Will I count all of your words to verify your total? Probably not. Unless you hand in something that is clearly not the length listed on the front page. I know most people start out by aiming for the minimum number of words, but given the scope of this paper topic you will likely have no difficulty meeting the word count. While you will lose points for being under 2000 words, if a paper has less than 1500 words it will automatically fail the assignment.

Number of Sources I am asked pretty much every semester some version of the question "how many sources does my paper need to have?" This is a weird question to me, since the honest answer is "how ever many you need to write a good paper", but I get why students ask it.

A little guidance is always a good thing. Let me say this, then. It would be very hard to do well on this paper with less than five academic sources (i.e. not Wikipedia, Investopedia, and other encyclopedic sources). You probably will want more than that, but at a minimum I'd be aiming for that. Once you hit five sources that doesn't mean you are done doing research - if three of your sources are all about one part of the paper then you're going to need more in total to write a compelling paper. The sources can be things like academic journals or books, but they can also be government websites, U.N. and other major international organization websites, reputable think tank/NGO websites (though here you have to be a more critical of the sourcing) and reputable news sources like CNN, the BBC, etc.

Citations/Plagiarism - Read this very, very, very carefully You should be using high-quality sources for this paper. That means that while you can consult Wikipedia as a start, you should be using additional sources. This can include academic journals and books but it can also include newspapers, government and university websites, or any other high-quality, reliable source. If you are going to use web-based sources, make sure (as always) to consider who the source of the website is. Are they credible? Do they have expertise? What’s their angle or bias?

THIS PART IS SUPER IMPORTANT. MAKE SURE TO USE IN-TEXT CITATIONS in your paper. What do I mean by in-text citation? It means that any time you reword someone's ideas or information in your own words, or if you directly quote them, you let the reader know right there in the body of the paper where you got that information from. You can do this using footnotes or endnotes but the main way people do it these days is through paranthetical citations at the end of sentences like so. (Fuerstman, 2023). This is different from a Works Cited page - which you'll also want to include at the end of the paper. If you do not use in-text citations and only have a works cited page you will lose 10% on the assignment.

I don’t particularly care what format your in-text citations and your Works Cited page are (MLA vs APA vs Chicago) just so long as (a) you stay consistent in the paper and (b) I can figure out how to find each source myself if I so choose. If all of this sounds very unfamiliar to you, I'd recommend checking out this page from ScribbrLinks to an external site.. Scribbr is also a great source for helping you format citations.

Remember that whenever you use someone’s idea, either in a direct quote or reworded yourself, you should use a citation. Using someone's words or ideas without citation is plagiarism and doing so will lead to a minimum of a zero on the paper and quite possibly failure of the class.

Finally, and this bit is also very important, you are more than welcome to use any AI/LLM (such as ChatGPT, Bing, Claude, Bard, etc.) to help you write your paper. If you do, please know two things. First, in your Works Cited page you should include a short

paragraph just telling me how you used AI. No need to lie or anything - it's 100% okay to use it. Second, you need to independently verify and cite sources for any information provided to you by the AI. Remember, these models do not know things in the way that we use the term. They will absolutely make stuff up and state it confidently. If you use it to generate text that says "on January 15, 2014 the United States bombed Latvia", you'd better have a citation to a non-AI source for that right there in your paper (and not a citation to the AI itself since, again, it could be hallucinating).

A final note on citations, and this is a weird one. You SHOULD NOT be using outside sources in Question 4 about the theories. You SHOULD include specific references to the course textbook and course videos, but for this question I want to see you specifically apply what you've learned about the three major theoretical perspectives to your chosen topic.

For more information on citations, see the page in the Research Paper Module titled "Citations and Plagiarism".

Two Stages of the Assignment The absolute hardest part is finding a good topic. After that it's just a matter of finding some relevant primary and secondary sources and then writing the stupid paper (I hate that part, too). The assignment is going to be done in two parts.

First Assignment The first deadline is going to be for you to submit to me one or two topics that you are interested in doing. These topics should be directly related to international relations and should be suitable for answering the five questions in the larger research paper assignment. Don't just send me a list of topics though. For each of the topics also tell me what kinds of sources you'd imagine looking for to help you answer the questions. You can read more about how to find sources in the very next page after this one titled "Finding Resources for Your Research". This part of the project should probably be a page or so in length, but I'm really grading this based on quality (signs that you've put in some thought and didn't just write it five minutes before the deadline). You can earn up to 40 points for this portion of the assignment.

Second Assignment This is what it has all been building towards. Write the paper and submit it. The rubric is as follows:

Paper Rubric Section of the Paper Percent of Total Points:

Introduction 7 Question 1 13 Question 2 13 Question 3 13 Question 4 15 Question 5 13 Conclusion 3

Grammar/Spelling 10 Citation Quality/Accuracy 10 Paper Length 5

Total 100% Paper Rubric

No Points Up to 50% Up to 85% Up to 100% Total

Introduction No Introduction

Small introduction with minimal information

Introduction that briefly mentions what will be covered in the rest of the paper.

Good introduction that lays out for the reader the structure of the rest of the paper

Grammar & Spelling

Frequent grammatical and/or spelling errors

Many grammatical and/or spelling errors

Some grammatical and/or spelling errors

Few to no grammatical and/or spelling errors

Paper Length, including word count on title

page

Less than 1500 words: Fails Assignment

1500-2000 More than 3500 words

2000-3500 words

Citation Quality/Accuracy

Is either lacking in- text

Has only a few in-text citations or

Somewhat regular and consistent

Regular and consistent use of

citations, uses non- credible sources, or is lacking a Works Cited page.

uses some less-than- credible sources.

use of proper citations in- text, along with a Works Cited page. Uses credible sources.

proper citations in- text, along with a Works Cited page. Uses credible sources.

Questions 1-5

Fails to address a relevant question

Answers question but does so in a cursory or factually inaccurate way

Answers question accurately. Hits relevant points.

Does everything in previous category with addition of something distinctive

Conclusion No conclusion

Small conclusion with minimal information

Good conclusion that sums up all the information

Covers all in the up to 85% range, plus includes an analysis of what the student learned from the assignment

Research Paper Assignment INR 2002 PAPER ASSIGNMENT Paper Basics In the latter portion of the course we are going to consider a number of contemporary issues in international relations. Some of them are extremely broad (international political economics, war), others are just somewhat extremely broad (nuclear proliferation, terrorism). Either way, we are only going to scratch the surface of these issues. I would like to give you an opportunity to dig a little deeper into some issue in contemporary international relations. In this assignment I ask you to pick a topic of interest – it could be something like a specific event (a war between two countries, a nonmilitary conflict like Iran’s potential nuclear weapons, etc.) or something broader but thematic (climate change or cyberwarfare). The key is going to be picking a topic that is narrow enough to deal with in a minimum 2000-3000 word paper (that's roughly 8 to 12 pages). The topic must be contemporary. That means it must involve events that have happened after 1989. I'd strongly prefer you not pick COVID as a topic, both because I've read several hundred papers on it and because people end up writing about things that have nothing to do with international relations. Once you have your topic, you should use the paper to answer the following questions about it: 1) Give a BRIEF summary of your topic. What are the major relevant details about the subject? This should be NO MORE THAN 750 WORDS. That’s why you need to narrow your topic before you sit down to write your paper. 2) Are there any relevant international agreements about your topic? Has the United Nations or other IGO’s dealt with your topic? What NGO's are active in this area and what are their goals? 3) Who are the (most) relevant countries? What are their interests or goals as regards your topic? Go beyond just restating what you said in Question 1. 4) Analyze your topic from a realist. a liberal, and a constructivist perspective. How would each approach explain the way countries and individuals have behaved in your topic? For this question specifically you will not need and should not use any outside research - the textbook and course videos are sufficient. I would like to see you apply what you've learned about the theories to your topic. You should still make sure to cite specific pages in the book/course videos but you should not cite outside sources just for this one specific part of the paper.

5) What is the future of your topic?

Possible Topics You can choose from the list below or choose your own. A list of possible topics might include: relations between South Korea and North Korea, relations between the US and Cuba, the Russia-Ukraine crisis, Iran (or North Korea) and nuclear proliferation, Brexit, NAFTA/USMCA, Security Council reform, anything to do with the 2008 economic crisis (i.e. not domestic) such as the European debt crisis, cybersecurity, global poverty, development in the global South, AIDS or any other epidemic (but focus on the international relations of it and not the science), the looming demographic crisis in economically developed countries, immigration INTERNATIONALLY (i.e. not specifically about the US), water access, climate change, etc. As a reminder, it must be a contemporary topic, meaning it involves things that have happened since 1989 or later. You can structure your paper any way you see fit, so long as you address the above questions. I would suggest breaking your paper down into an introduction in which you lay out what will be in the rest of the paper, five separate sections (each dealing with a question) and a conclusion, to match the attached rubric. Make sure to read the rubric at the end of the paper assignment for guidance on what each section should contain. Please note that you should not just write a five paragraph essay with each of the above questions being a paragraph. Generally each question should take you several/numerous paragraphs to answer.

Formatting The total length of the paper is 2000 to 2500 words. That is roughly 8 to 10 double- spaced pages with normal font and margins. Please put the word count on the front page of your paper. The word count does not include the works cited page. Pretty much every word processing program has a way of automatically counting words for you. If you are unsure how to do this, let me know and I will show you. Will I count all of your words to verify your total? Probably not. Unless you hand in something that is clearly not the length listed on the front page. I know most people start out by aiming for the minimum number of words, but given the scope of this paper topic you will likely have no difficulty meeting the word count. While you will lose points for being under 2000 words, if a paper has less than 1500 words it will automatically fail the assignment.

Number of Sources I am asked pretty much every semester some version of the question "how many sources does my paper need to have?" This is a weird question to me, since the honest answer is "how ever many you need to write a good paper", but I get why students ask it.

A little guidance is always a good thing. Let me say this, then. It would be very hard to do well on this paper with less than five academic sources (i.e. not Wikipedia, Investopedia, and other encyclopedic sources). You probably will want more than that, but at a minimum I'd be aiming for that. Once you hit five sources that doesn't mean you are done doing research - if three of your sources are all about one part of the paper then you're going to need more in total to write a compelling paper. The sources can be things like academic journals or books, but they can also be government websites, U.N. and other major international organization websites, reputable think tank/NGO websites (though here you have to be a more critical of the sourcing) and reputable news sources like CNN, the BBC, etc.

Citations/Plagiarism - Read this very, very, very carefully You should be using high-quality sources for this paper. That means that while you can consult Wikipedia as a start, you should be using additional sources. This can include academic journals and books but it can also include newspapers, government and university websites, or any other high-quality, reliable source. If you are going to use web-based sources, make sure (as always) to consider who the source of the website is. Are they credible? Do they have expertise? What’s their angle or bias?

THIS PART IS SUPER IMPORTANT. MAKE SURE TO USE IN-TEXT CITATIONS in your paper. What do I mean by in-text citation? It means that any time you reword someone's ideas or information in your own words, or if you directly quote them, you let the reader know right there in the body of the paper where you got that information from. You can do this using footnotes or endnotes but the main way people do it these days is through paranthetical citations at the end of sentences like so. (Fuerstman, 2023). This is different from a Works Cited page - which you'll also want to include at the end of the paper. If you do not use in-text citations and only have a works cited page you will lose 10% on the assignment.

I don’t particularly care what format your in-text citations and your Works Cited page are (MLA vs APA vs Chicago) just so long as (a) you stay consistent in the paper and (b) I can figure out how to find each source myself if I so choose. If all of this sounds very unfamiliar to you, I'd recommend checking out this page from ScribbrLinks to an external site.. Scribbr is also a great source for helping you format citations.

Remember that whenever you use someone’s idea, either in a direct quote or reworded yourself, you should use a citation. Using someone's words or ideas without citation is plagiarism and doing so will lead to a minimum of a zero on the paper and quite possibly failure of the class.

Finally, and this bit is also very important, you are more than welcome to use any AI/LLM (such as ChatGPT, Bing, Claude, Bard, etc.) to help you write your paper. If you do, please know two things. First, in your Works Cited page you should include a short

paragraph just telling me how you used AI. No need to lie or anything - it's 100% okay to use it. Second, you need to independently verify and cite sources for any information provided to you by the AI. Remember, these models do not know things in the way that we use the term. They will absolutely make stuff up and state it confidently. If you use it to generate text that says "on January 15, 2014 the United States bombed Latvia", you'd better have a citation to a non-AI source for that right there in your paper (and not a citation to the AI itself since, again, it could be hallucinating).

A final note on citations, and this is a weird one. You SHOULD NOT be using outside sources in Question 4 about the theories. You SHOULD include specific references to the course textbook and course videos, but for this question I want to see you specifically apply what you've learned about the three major theoretical perspectives to your chosen topic.

For more information on citations, see the page in the Research Paper Module titled "Citations and Plagiarism".

Two Stages of the Assignment The absolute hardest part is finding a good topic. After that it's just a matter of finding some relevant primary and secondary sources and then writing the stupid paper (I hate that part, too). The assignment is going to be done in two parts.

First Assignment The first deadline is going to be for you to submit to me one or two topics that you are interested in doing. These topics should be directly related to international relations and should be suitable for answering the five questions in the larger research paper assignment. Don't just send me a list of topics though. For each of the topics also tell me what kinds of sources you'd imagine looking for to help you answer the questions. You can read more about how to find sources in the very next page after this one titled "Finding Resources for Your Research". This part of the project should probably be a page or so in length, but I'm really grading this based on quality (signs that you've put in some thought and didn't just write it five minutes before the deadline). You can earn up to 40 points for this portion of the assignment.

Second Assignment This is what it has all been building towards. Write the paper and submit it. The rubric is as follows:

Paper Rubric Section of the Paper Percent of Total Points:

Introduction 7 Question 1 13 Question 2 13 Question 3 13 Question 4 15 Question 5 13 Conclusion 3

Grammar/Spelling 10 Citation Quality/Accuracy 10 Paper Length 5

Total 100% Paper Rubric

No Points Up to 50% Up to 85% Up to 100% Total

Introduction No Introduction

Small introduction with minimal information

Introduction that briefly mentions what will be covered in the rest of the paper.

Good introduction that lays out for the reader the structure of the rest of the paper

Grammar & Spelling

Frequent grammatical and/or spelling errors

Many grammatical and/or spelling errors

Some grammatical and/or spelling errors

Few to no grammatical and/or spelling errors

Paper Length, including word count on title

page

Less than 1500 words: Fails Assignment

1500-2000 More than 3500 words

2000-3500 words

Citation Quality/Accuracy

Is either lacking in- text

Has only a few in-text citations or

Somewhat regular and consistent

Regular and consistent use of

citations, uses non- credible sources, or is lacking a Works Cited page.

uses some less-than- credible sources.

use of proper citations in- text, along with a Works Cited page. Uses credible sources.

proper citations in- text, along with a Works Cited page. Uses credible sources.

Questions 1-5

Fails to address a relevant question

Answers question but does so in a cursory or factually inaccurate way

Answers question accurately. Hits relevant points.

Does everything in previous category with addition of something distinctive

Conclusion No conclusion

Small conclusion with minimal information

Good conclusion that sums up all the information

Covers all in the up to 85% range, plus includes an analysis of what the student learned from the assignment