HSA 535 FINAL EXAM PART 1

  

Question 1 

Social epidemiology studies ____.

  

the effect of the environment on human health

 

the effect of community socioeconomic factors on health

 

lifestyle factors that may be associated with disease status

 

diseases that are acute and contagious

Question 2 

One of the important concepts from the Nuremberg Code is that of ____, which means that the subject understands the scope of the study and can make an informed decision to participate.

  

informed consent

 

voluntary consent

 

beneficence

 

primary agent

Question 3 

The first step in any epidemiological investigation is to ____.

  

understand causation

 

establish risk factors

 

track trends and determine if particular diseases are   increasing or decreasing in the population

 

describe the population demographically by age, race, sex,   education, and other relevant indicators

Question 4 

While Austin Bradford Hill is well-known for his work in developing guidelines for establishing causality for studies of non-infectious diseases, his other contributions to the field of epidemiology and ____ are remarkable.

  

psychology

 

statistics

 

sociology

 

mathematics

Question 5 

The modern epidemiologic triangle includes groups of populations, causative factors, and ____.

  

alternate explanations

 

risk factors

 

results

 

coherence

Question 6 

The time between infection and clinical disease is referred to as a(n) ____.

  

a plausible period

 

temporal period

 

incubation period

 

latency period

Question 7 

A table in epidemiology that arranges numbers to allow the comparison of exposure and outcome is called a ____ table.

  

proportion

 

contingency

 

specific

 

crude

Question 8 

Prevalence equals ____.

  

incidence times duration of disease

 

incidence divided by duration of disease

 

incidence plus duration of disease

 

incidence divided by duration of disease times 100

Question 9 

A person in the population or study group identified as having the particular disease, health disorder, or condition under investigation is known as a ____.

  

person time

 

case

 

suspect case

 

proportion

Question 10 

The probability of death due to infectious disease in sub-Saharan Africa is ____%, but only ____% in developed countries, such as the United States.

  

22; 1.1

 

35; 10

 

66; 11

 

50; 22

Question 11 

____ is the transmission of a disease from person to person, and may be directly from one person to another, or indirectly from one person through an intermediate item to another person.

  

Horizontal transmission

 

Vertical transmission

 

Quick transmission

 

Polar transmission

Question 12 

____ is the transmission of a disease from mother to child during pregnancy or delivery.

  

Horizontal transmission

 

Vertical transmission

 

Lateral transmission

 

Polar transmission

Question 13 

During 2008, the most recent year for which data are finalized, ____ food-borne disease outbreaks were reported.

  

340

 

1,034

 

2,340

 

10,300

Question 14 

In a propagated epidemic with person to person transmission, control measures may include ____.

  

isolating the elderly from the young

 

treating the carriers and vaccinating the population at risk

 

developing an evacuation strategy

 

hiring more emergency doctors

Question 15 

One of the most common errors in an outbreak investigation is the failure to ____.

  

utilize a strict case definition

 

call the WHO

 

accurately count cases

 

vaccinate the population

Question 16 

Which first generation vaccine was introduced in 1935?

  

Rabies vaccine

 

Yellow Fever vaccine

 

Pertussis vaccine

 

Smallpox vaccine

Question 17 

Which vaccine is linked to the greatest number of deaths each year?

  

DPT

 

MMR

 

hepatitis A

 

HIB

Question 18 

Anthrax is caused by ____.

  

Bacillus anthracis

 

Bacillus hemolith

 

Anthracis virus

 

Anthracis fungi

Question 19 

In 1988, research indicated that high levels of ____ cholesterol reduces the risk of death from cardiovascular disease.

  

PDL

 

LDL

 

fatty

 

HDL

Question 20 

In 1970, cardiovascular research indicated that high blood pressure (hypertension) increased the risk of ____.

  

migraine headache

 

obesity

 

stroke

 

heart attack

Question 21 

CVD is the leading cause of death in the United States for all but one ethnic group. Which one?

  

Whites

 

African Americans

 

Native Americans

 

Asian Americans

Question 22 

The non-melanomatous are the ____ type of skin cancers.

  

most deadly

 

only

 

more benign

 

rarest

Question 23 

Cancer in the ____ is the second most common cancer when considering men and women combined.

  

lung and bronchus

 

brain

 

colorectal

 

liver

Question 24 

In what year did the National Cancer Institute and the National Human Genome Research Institute establish The Cancer Genome Atlas?

  

1999

 

2001

 

2005

 

2008

Question 25 

Where is the incidence of Type 1 diabetes mellitus highest?

  

Venezuela        .

 

Italy

 

U.S

 

Finland

Question 26 

Metabolic syndrome is also known as ____.

  

insulin abundance syndrome

 

Syndrome X

 

Type 2 diabetes

 

CVD Syndrome

Question 27 

Diabetes mellitus was the ____ leading cause of death in the United States in 2007.

  

second

 

fourth

 

seventh

 

tenth

Question 28 

Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by ____ transmitted through contaminated water or food.

  

a parasite

 

fungus

 

a virus

 

bacteria

Question 29 

Overall, what effect have MPOWER policy interventions had on tobacco use in the developing countries that have implemented them?

  

slightly reduced

 

significantly reduced

 

had no effect

 

slightly increased

Question 30 

New HIV infections have declined by ____ globally from 2001–2009.

  

1%

 

5%

 

10%

 

17%