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SamplePaper2FinalExamFall22.docx22.docx
SampleFinalExamPaper1Fall223211.docx
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SamplePaper2FinalExamFall22.docx22.docx
Student Name
Prof Hamilton ENGL 1302-72000
13 October 2022
CTE in the NFL
Outline
Introduction
Thesis statement: This reading will examine the chronic brain disease CTE and it’s many effects
on both society and the NFL.
1. Background of Topic
a. History of CTE and what it is
b. History of CTE in sports
c. History of CTE in the NFL specifically
11. Effects of the Topic on Society
a. Business Effects
1.. Positive: They make huge statistical and technological leaps to protect players ii. Negative: The NFL would be under fire and sued for mishandled cases
b. Effects on the Consumer
1. Positive: Awareness of the dangers of the game and that there are real health risks involved
2. Negative: Parents being turned off and not letting their children play football
111. Solution or Future Effects of Specific Problem
a. Business
1. Move forward with the new technology and regulations
b. Consumers
1. Learn the safe way to play football, invest in the right equipment, and know the risks of playing.
IV. Conclusion
Football is an amazing sport and the most popular in the U.S. Although this
sport is the heart of our country it's important to keep in mind the risks involved. The
game has evolved over the years and is becoming safer by the minute. I hope that
people will be informed if interested in playing and that these risks don't shy anyone
away from playing.
Student Name
Prof Hamilton ENGL 1302-72000
13 October 2022
CTE in the NFL
Touchdowns, trash-talking, big hits, and lots of money. Football is insanely popular in the Unites States and has been for years. People love watching and can bring in record-breaking numbers every year for the Super Bowl. Unfortunately, a big part of the game is injury. Some players spend north of $1 million on their body alone just to stay healthy. There are so many possibilities when it comes to injury as well. Broken bones, torn ligaments, and sprained joints happen very often. The main and most pressing Injury of today's time is brain or head injury. It's become a very pressing topic in the NFL and specifically the lasting effects of these head injuries. The worst of them all is CTE, by far.
Background of CTE
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy, better known as CTE is a horrible brain disease. This disease degenerates your brain from within and can cut life expectancy in half. A protein in CTE named tau malfunctions and "causes other proteins to misfold and sets of a chain reaction" (McKee). This reaction slowly spreads across the brain and kills brain cells along the way. Although this disease has appeared in people as young as 17, most of the time, it is a result of repeated head trauma. The symptoms often include memory loss, suicidal thoughts, aggression, and depression. There seems to be a direct connection from sports players to CTE.
This disease has plagued contact sports since around 1928. Dr. Harrison Martland first found it in a group of boxers and referred to the disease as "punch drunk syndrome" (Smith). More cases of CTE popping up between the military and mostly sports. The repeated head trauma became a clear catalyst to this disease and all the effects along with it. Boxers seemed to be the first and only athletes to get this disease since obviously they are punching each other in the head for money. Later on, football started up and took over from there.
All anyone hears about today is the many injuries and catastrophes that happen from the NFL. According to an article from the New York Times, CTE grew to national concern around 2007 when a football player, Andre Waters, had brain damage and ultimately "led to his depression and death by suicide" (Shipgel). After this case broke out more started pouring in. CTE has been found in over 300 retired NFL players. The list goes on and on of players who committed suicide due to this horrible disease. To name a few, Junior Seau, Andre Waters, Dave Duerson, and Aaron Hernandez all committed suicide from having CTE. There are even recent players like Vincent Jackson, who retired in 2018, who was diagnosed with CTE after his death. This disease is a horrible thing that can be a result of playing football for an extended period of time. There are many effects both on the business and the consumers.
Effects of CTE
There was and is a massive effect on the NFL from the headlines with CTE and the poor players who lost their lives. Unfortunately, the NFL tried it's best to cover everything up and day that the disease was not a direct result of football. They were eventually presented with overwhelming evidence to support that CTE was from football and gave in to a "$1 billion settlement of brain injury claims" (AP). Losing all that money and having the horrible press for the league really set them back. I would imagine their views went down as well for hiding trying to cover up these things which means an even bigger loss of money. This is a bad situation and a bad choice by the league, but there were a few good things that came out of it.
Some of the good things that came out of all the CTE matters for the NFL is that they are continuing to make better and better precautions and equipment. According to an article from the NFL's website, they have made 47 rule changes to protect players, they now deploy 29 medical professionals on the sideline for each game, and better educate their professionals on concussions (Smith). The NFL has also invested millions of dollars in to finding the best and most safe helmets they can find. They are making huge strides in both technology and equipment that has lowered the risk and injuries in the NFL.
One of the main negative effects I thought when considering the consumers was with the parents. When parents hear about men dying before the turn 50 from playing football, it might discourage them from letting their kids play. Although there is a risk of injury, turning children away from the game is not the answer. Parents might become misinformed and flat out scared to let their kids play. This is a major negative effect because football is such a great game, and these cases are for mostly for adults who have been playing professionally. Hopefully, it doesn't get to this point because it would be a major negative effect on parents and children.
On a positive note, the consumers will now be aware of the dangers of the game. Going back to the parents, now they will be aware of the risks involved in playing. No one is saying they shouldn't allow their kids to play, but now they understand how the game works and the dangerous side of football. Also, with technology getting better every day, the next generation will have the best and most safe football equipment ever. The technology is helping improve not only equipment, but sports science, concussion protocols and knowledge of injury. There are things called guardian caps that are catching on that function as a second layer of protection that you strap on top of your helmet. These supposedly "reduce the G-force of a collision by up to 33%" (Beasley). These weren't available until all this news came about and it will in turn make the game safer for the next generation.
Solutions to CTE
The main solution for the NFL is to be as forthright as they can be. Publish the numbers and the statistics of brain injuries and show the people they are going down. The NFL is going to have to trust the new technology and equipment if they want to make the game safer.
Unfortunately, there is no cure for CTE yet, but there are ways to eliminate risks. They need to be investing a lot of time and money into finding the best helmets and keep refining their rule book to protect the players and make the game safer.
The best solution for the consumers would be to instruct their kids properly. Learn the right way to play football with heads up tackles and smart plays. Investing in the right gear for your child is a great way to help ensure his safety. Above all, know the risks of the game. Whether it's the NFL of Pee Wee football, there will always be risk. Be able to balance that and know that anything could happen, but to also encourage kids to play and try a new sport. These kids watching the NFL will learn a lot so, if the players stick to good clean football, so will they.
Football is an amazing sport and the most popular in the U.S. Although this sport is the heart of our country it's important to keep in mind the risks involved. The game has evolved over the years and is becoming safer by the minute. The goal is to get people informed if interested in playing and that these risks don't shy anyone away from playing. CTE is an extremely dangerous disease and unfortunately tied to playing football. It's important to keep in mind the effects that CTE has on the NFL, it's consumers, and the victims.
Works Cited
Beasley, Adam H. "Guardian Caps: The New Helmets Worn by Several NFL Teams." Pro
Football Network, 29 Mar. 2022,
McKee, Anne. "Resource Center." What Is CTE? I Concussion Legacy Foundation,
Press, Associated. "NFL to Halt 'Race-Norming,' Review Black Claims in $1 Billion Concussion
Settlement." ESPN, ESPN Internet Ventures, 2 June 2021,
Shpigel, Ben. "What to Know about C.T.E. in Football." The New York Times, The New York
Times, 16 Dec. 2021
Smith, Joseph. "NFL Issues Response to CTE Research Report.'' NFL.com, NFL, 26 July 2017,
SampleFinalExamPaper1Fall223211.docx
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Student Name
Prof Hamilton
ENGL-1302-72000
12 October 2022
A Solution to Revitalize a Timeless Pastime
Outline
Introduction
Thesis Statement: In the MiLB, the effects it has on society does more harm than good as it harms the people involved in the business and the players who play in it even though there is an obvious solution to fix the problem for both sides.
1. Background of Baseball and the MiLB
A. History of Baseball
B. History of the Minor Leagues (MiLB)
C. Application of the Minor Leagues (MiLB)
11. Effects of the MiLB on society
A. Business effects: (Team owners and affiliates)
1. Positive: bigger player pool (more prospects), more avenues for financial gain
(more teams), save more money with less investments in MiLB
2. Negative: Loss of prospects (financial reasons), lack of talent at the major league
level, loss of potential revenue due to poor performing teams in both the MLB and MiLB.
B. Effects on the Consumer (Players)
l. Positive: they can play the game they love as their job, traveling
2. Negative: separated from their family for most of the year, lots of players live in poverty, having to get another job in the offseason or quit baseball due to financial reasons.
111. Solution for the MLB
A. Business (Team owners and affiliates)
1. Invest more money and actually care about the players and the teams in the MiLB
B. Consumer (Players)
1. Players can focus strictly on the game and not worry about their finances (leads to
better players and overall better teams at the highest level. Which also means more money for the owners).
Conclusion
Restated Thesis: As one can see, if owners invest more money into the MiLB, they can avoid all of the hassle that they and the players face while also making more money in the process.
Call to Action: By investing money and time into the minor leagues, not only does it positively affect the baseball economy, but also the well-being and popularity of the sport. Caring for the MiLB teams will lead to a revival in the interest of the game in the younger generation and even in international places that are foreign to the great game of baseball.
Student Name
Prof Hamilton
ENGL-1302-72000
12 October 2022
A Solution to Revitalize a Timeless Pastime
Baseball is known my many as "America's pastime." The concept of the sport was created in 1845 by a man named Alexander Joy Cartwright. He and his colleagues would go on to create the first baseball team named the New York Knickerbocker Baseball Club. He would then go on to create the rules and regulations of the game that still stand in today's version of baseball. The sport would go in popularity over time until people decided to create a league for the best of the best in the sport to compete against each other.
Background of Topic
In October of 1903, the Major League Baseball Association (MLB) was born. Like in modern times, there were two leagues (American and national) and the best teams from each league would go on and face each other in the World Series for a chance to be considered the best in the sport. Throughout the years, the number of teams at the major league level expanded with expansion teams such as the Kansas City Royals in 1969, Texas Rangers in 1972, Seattle Mariners in 1977, and many more. Also, there were teams who had name changes and relocated over the years with teams like the San Francisco Giants who started in New York, the Atlanta Braves who started in Boston, the Washington Nationals who started in Montreal, and others. Today, the game is as popular as it’s ever been with a whopping 30 teams in the major leagues, not including the minors.
The Minor League Baseball Association (MiLB) was created on September 9, 1901, by a team of Minor League executives. A man by the name of Patrick T. Powers was elected as the first president of The National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues which is what the MiLB was called at the time. According to the official Minor League Baseball website, there was "Fourteen leagues and 96 clubs were members during the first season in 1902." Then, "By the time Powers left office in 1909, there were 35 leagues and 246 clubs." Today, there are 120 official minor league teams that span across the United States, Canada, and the Dominican Republic. The goal of the MiLB is to use train those players they have in the minors to turn them into the best athlete possible to help their team at the MLB level. They accomplish this having those players duke it out against other organizations minor league teams and they promote players based on their performance at their specific level. They can be moved up if they are exceeding expectations, moved down if underperforming, or be stuck due to good but not great results. To restate, they go through all this trouble to weed out the best players and bring them up to the big leagues in order to build the best team possible at the highest level so they can go on to win the World Series at the end of the season. While this system sounds like a nice, competitive system, there are some glaring flaws.
For kids who love to play baseball, the universal ultimate goal is to play at the highest level which is the MLB. However, to get there, they have to go through the MiLB and its various levels. Specifically, they have to go from Single-A to High-A, to Double-A, then to Triple-A. Only once they reach Triple-A do they have the chance to squeak into the forty-man roster at the MLB. To summarize the MiLB experience in a couple of words it would be a hellish grind. While the intricacies of the MiLB look and seem solid on the surface, the actual experiences that the players face to even get an inning of playing time at the MLB is insane. The only reason the players put up with these issues is because of their drive and desire to play the sport they love at the highest level.
Effects of Topic
In the MiLB, the effects it has on society does more harm than good as it harms the people involved in the business and the players who play in it even though there is an obvious solution to fix the problem for both sides.
In the minor leagues, the people who own and run the teams are the same people who own the major league team. For example, the owner of the MLB team Cardinals also owns every minor league team in the Cardinals' system. With these extra teams to deal with as the owner of a franchise, there comes positives and negatives. The biggest positive would be the revenue that these extra teams bring in to add on to the revenue received from the team in the major leagues. The more teams, the more games that are played which means that more people go to those games and spend money at the ballpark and generate more revenue for the owners. Another positive is with more MiLB teams there are more roster spots open in what they call the "farm system."
Specifically, there are more players at their owner's deposal which gives them more of a chance to find their next superstar at the MLB level. One last positive to owners is that when they choose to not invest that much money in the MiLB teams, they can save tons of money because they will still get revenue and therefore become richer from the MiLB teams over the course of a season. However, the biggest loss that would happen as a result of a tiny budget in the MiLB is that those prospects would lose them due to lack of financial aid they receive. According to ESPN writer Joon Lee, "most minor leaguers will make between $8,000 and $14,000" a season which also according to Lee is way below what American's need to make a year ($26,225) in order to accommodate for their basic needs. With this little pay, players are forced to quit due to the poor living conditions they have to face as a result.
For example, Garrett Broshius, a writer on the lives of minor league players, "describes a common scene of empty McDonald's bags lying around an apartment that is overcrowded with minor league players." Players sometimes even live host families who take them in during the regular season. One final negative to note, is that those players that do stay even with the harsh conditions they live with, their play diminishes due to poor living conditions, poor diet, and a lack of access to proper and consistent training. With all of these negatives, the owners actually lose more revenue than they do when they are saving money as they lose out on multiple different ways to earn more money by caring for the MiLB organizations. The owners though, are not the only ones who are negatively affected by their decisions.
Like the owners, the players in the MiLB are also greatly affected by the decisions of the owners. The key difference between the owners and the players is that the players do not have a say in what the owners decide to do. A positive that the players have going for them is that they get to play the sport they love full time and as their primary occupation. By getting to play, they also get to travel to tons of different stadiums and cities that they would not have ever been too otherwise. However, these positives pale in comparison to the struggles an average minor league player face. First off, the players are separated from their loved ones from March to as far as November if one's team goes to the World Series. If one's team does not make the playoffs, they get to see their family at the beginning of October. Another, more dire con is very miniscule salary. As stated earlier, players only make anywhere from 8,000 dollars to 14,000 dollars over the course of a season. This means that players usually have to get a side job during the offseason in order to meet their already impoverished standard of living. According to Dirk Hayhurst, a writer for Bleacher Report, states that in the locker rooms there are sign-up sheets for things called "player appearances." "They usually include things like speaking engagements at local schools, signings at grocery stores, meet-and-greets with the mascot at a car dealership, etc." Also, if a player is "In High-A ball, you'll earn anywhere from $50 to $ 100 a pop, depending on whether you have to give a speech." If a player does not earn enough money, they may even be forced to retire in order to be able to be financially stable. In short, the players live in poverty with little opportunities to make a decent wage which can and does force players to leave the game entirely. Owners are able to get away with down paying their players like that because according to Chelsea Janes of the Washington Post, "Minor league players are not protected from wage fixing by the Curt Flood Act." This means that the owners can make the players wages lower without any sort of punishment from the government. Even though these situations are serious on both sides of the business, there is an obvious solution that can fix every problem that has been listed thus far.
Solutions to The Effects
The best way to solve both the owner's and player's problems would be for the owners to invest more capital into the minor league teams and players. By giving the teams more money, they could hire better quality coaches, get the best training equipment, and even be able to give players a food allowance. Doing this would allow the players to focus more on the game and honing their skills instead of figuring out how to pay they are going to pay their bills for the month. As a result, the quality of the farm system will rise as those players get better and better being able to practice daily without distraction. Getting better players mean that the teams will perform better which directly leads into more ticket sales and more people at the ballpark. Also, having better prospects also means being able to build a better MLB roster and generate more success and revenue at the big leagues. Lastly, along with all of the positives listed the owners and the players will both get paid more. Owners will get more due to more ticket and ballpark accessories sales due to better performing teams and players will get paid more because they are playing well at the higher levels which earns them a massive pay day once they reach the big leagues.
As one can see, if owners invest more money into the MiLB, they can avoid all of the hassle that they and the players face while also making more money in the process. Paying the teams and players more is a benefit for both sides by making the owners richer and helping out the players and their families get by and even have a new life if that player goes on to the big leagues and signs a multi-million-dollar contract. Also, by investing money and time into the minor leagues, not only does it positively affect the baseball economy, but also the well-being and popularity of the sport. Caring for the MiLB teams will lead to a revival in the interest of the game in the younger generation and even in international places that are foreign to the great game of baseball. At the end of the day, the way the game gets the most revenue is to stay prevalent. Everybody knows who Lebron James is or Tom Brady, but people do not know the names of baseball like they do in football or basketball. By investing into their farm systems and into the game as a whole, the talent ceiling will grow higher, and the players will become more popular to the common sports fan with the increased budget allowing for other things like better branding and advertisement. In short, staying relevant means more revenue for everybody involved.
Works Cited
Broshuis Garrett, Low-Wage Life Failure Love of the Game Low-Wage Mindset Emotions
Sports Mindset, Minor League Pay, source, date, <https://webpages.scu.edu/ftp/ahascheff/lowpay.html.>
Hayhurst Dirk, An Inside Look into the Harsh Conditions of Minor League Baseball, Bleacher
Report, 14 May 2014, < https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2062307-an-inside-look-into-the-harshconditions-of-minor-league-baseball.>
Janes Chelsea, Why minor league players are still allowed to make so little, The Washington
Post, 16 July 2021, <https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2021 /07/16/minor-league-baseball-playerpay-low/>.
Lee Joon, Can a union fix this? Minor leaguers say poverty-level pay, poor housing are driving a
'mental health crisis', ESPN, 30 September 2021, < https://www.espn.com/mlb/story/ /id/32172108/can-union-fix-minor-leaguers-say-poverty-levelpay-poor-housing-driving-mental-health-crisis>.
MiLB.com, The History & Function of Minor League Baseball, Minor League Baseball, 2
February 2015, < http://origin.milb.com/milb/history/general history.jsp.>
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