Global community

Geagmodule1classGEOG205_M1_PPT.pptx

Module 1

Introduction to Geography and Global Economics - Relationships

GEOG 205

Global Communities and Resources: Critical Perspectives

Principles of Geography and Comparative Economic Systems

This module is designed to expose students to the primary concepts commonly studied, discussed and implemented in the analysis of principles of geography. The goal of this module is to help the student see the connection between geographic topics, economic systems, political systems, and the interaction of demographics with these systems. Students will study the economic development of natural resources and infrastructure within nations, categorize those nations based on the advancement of that development, and analyze the limitations of nations within each of these systems. The outcomes of this module are designed to help the student synthesize the ideas behind the concept of national systems as an introduction to how those relationships will guide the study of the entire course.

Introduction

Objectives

At the end of the module, the student will be able to:

Explain the basic concepts that comprise the academic study of geography

Describe the major global types of economic systems

Compare and contrast economic and political systems across nations

Identify the key components that guide the relationships between economic, political and geographic systems of resource distribution.

Study of natural resources

Study of demographics

Study of spatial relationships

Study of physical properties of the earth

Study of human population growth

Study of the distribution and use of natural resources

Study of the formation of cities

Principles of Geography

Geography is ultimately the study of the earth, its natural resources, the growth of human populations.

There are spatial relationships between land, water and the earth’s atmosphere. The topography of land, such as plains, hills, mountains, and water reservoirs, determines the location of cities and the use of resources.

Demographics represents the study of cultural groups within a nation, the ethnic makeup of the population, and the land space available for population growth.

All natural resources must be allocated to meet the needs of citizens.

The control and distribution of those resources is dependent upon the type of economic system in place within a region

5

Land and its components

Water reservoirs

Lakes

Streams

Rivers

Aqueducts

Coastal ocean resources

Minerals

Fossil Fuels

Natural Resources

The control of land is vital to the determination of how that land will be used.

Food, water, and shelter are the basic needs of all citizens.

Food supply – economic systems determine whether individual businesses will harvest agricultural products and meat sources (livestock) or whether a central government will determine the types and quantities of agricultural and livestock supplies to be distributed.

Water – Regardless of the type of economic system within a region, all water available for use by the public is controlled by a local, regional, or national government. In some areas, individuals may own local ponds that are on their private land. The goal of government in a developed nation is to provide water pressure for indoor plumbing for businesses, residents, public parks, public buildings, colleges and universities, and public buildings.

Governments build such things as dams and aqueducts in order to direct the flow of what to geographic regions in which it is needed for the population

Shelter – Governments generally zone parts of land for either residential or commercial use. This zoning follows a typically logical spatial use. For example, you wouldn’t want houses, retail businesses, industrial factories, and government buildings all within the same areas, mixed in with one another.

Minerals – Governments create the rules as to which mining businesses can harvest the ground to drill for minerals. These minerals include various deposits of rock formations such as copper or zinc, that are used in the production of goods.

Fossil Fuels – Oil and coal are the most common. Oil is refined into types of gasoline for fuel to power transportation equipment, or to produce heat for buildings. Coal is primarily used to produce electricity or to be refined into iron ore, which is then smelted into steel

6

The study of regional human populations

The study of regional cultural groups

The study of regional borders (such as between nations or states or provinces)

The study of the interaction between various ethnic groups within a region

The study of cultural attitudes

Demographics

Cultural attitudes and norms such as religion, legal codes, property rights, women’s rights, children’s rights, determine the movement of people in and out of regions.

Movement of humans in and out of regions is known as immigration and emigration, respectively. Regions have to account for the needs of food, water, and shelter to be able to meet those needs for incoming people.

People who study demographics (demographers) are interested in the cultural and ethnic makeup of regions. This determines how natural resources will be distributed in those regions.

7

Command Economy

Free Market Economy

Hybrid Economy

Type of Global Economic Systems

The differences between the types of economic systems throughout the world depend on who owns the facts of production.

In a command economy, the factors of production are owned and controlled by a central government

In a free market economy, the factors of production are primarily owned by individuals and businesses

In a hybrid economy, the factors of production are owned by both a central government and individuals. There is some private industry, but also much state-controlled industry.

8

Land

Labor

Capital

Entrepreneurial Talent

The Economic Factors of Production

Land is defined as all natural resources available to a region. Those natural resources are described in slide 6.

Labor refers to both mental and physical energy used by human beings to produce goods and services.

Capital refers to all buildings, equipment, and machinery used in the production of a good or service, such as factories, retail stores, distribution warehouses, automated machinery, transportation vehicles, and so on.

Entrepreneurial talent refers to the special skill that some humans have to start private or public businesses. This skill is centered around the ability to conceptualize and idea, the risk to launch the venture (knowing it may fail), and the salesmanship to acquire investment money to start the enterprise. It also includes the ability to hire workers, acquire capital, market the business, and lead the business through periods of potential growth.

9

Nations must determine how natural resources will be harvested for the benefits of its citizens

Cultural attitudes and norms create the environment by which nations will establish the rules around how they will use natural resources

Geography is the study of physical properties of the earth, demographics, and the use of natural resources

The type of economic system utilized within a region will determine who controls the factors of production

Summary

Patrich, J. (2020). Physical geography (version 1). College of the Canyons. https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/textbooks/926

References

Review as many times as required the information contained in the module folder (includes this presentation).

Read the reference material to clarify any questions.

Carry out all the activities according to the instructions.

Submit assignments on the indicated date through the educational platform.

Congratulations you have reviewed the theoretical summary of this week's topic!

Actively participate in collaborative sessions.

Remember that to successfully build your learning it is important that:

image1.png

image2.png

image3.png

image4.png

Geag.module1discussiondocx.docx

The Study of Geography and Comparative Economic Systems

Instructions:

After studying this module, look again at the basic topics in the study of geography and comparative economic systems. Think about these elements, describe the types of natural resources common to nations, and explain the difference between underdeveloped, developing, and developed nations.

Remember to review the academic expectations for your submission.

Submission Instructions:

· Submit your initial discussion post by 11:59 pm ET on Wednesday.

· Contribute a minimum of 250 words for your initial post. It should include at least 1 academic source, formatted and cite in APA.

· Respond to at least two of your classmates' discussion posts by 11:59 pm ET on Sunday. Ask a question, and provide a different viewpoint.

· Follow established netiquette guidelines when participating in forums.