general microbiology

QUESTION 1.

HIV predominantly infects T-helper cells, cells that are responsible for coordinating B- and T-cell activity. Based on this information, explain why HIV-infected individuals are at very high risk for developing microbial infections. List the causative agent (virus) and discuss its properties. Name and briefly discuss 3 diseases that AIDS patients are more likely to contract.

(Terminology to use: opportunistic pathogens, T and B cell purposes, CD4 cells, retrovirus, reverse transcription).

QUESTION 2

1. Now that we have studied the various types of vaccines, consider the current resurgence of diseases like measles. How can we convince the general public and possibly even ourselves, that immunization is a necessary preventative measure for diseases that have serious complications? Is there a different schedule that we should consider? Are some forms of vaccines safer than others? Should we spread out the inoculation schedule to prevent confusion of a young person?
   
   
   (Include terms such as live attenuated, killed or inactive, subunit, toxoid, conjugate, complications of measles, risks to others if uninoculated, risks to individuals that do get inoculated). You are encouraged to use your text and outside sources to develop your informed answer. Use facts and concepts.

QUESTION 3

1. Construct a paragraph or two describing the interrelationship among a bacterial pathogen, the affected host, and potential antimicrobial drugs in the development of appropriate antimicrobial treatment. Pick a pathogen, suggest tests that should be performed on that pathogen to determine the specific drugs, and give reasons why they would be appropriate.
   
   
   (Terminology to incorporate: narrow-spectrum, broad-spectrum, MIC, Kirby-Bauer, therapeutic index, selective toxicity, drug mechanism).

QUESTION 4

1. Conduct additional research on the use of triclosan and other chemical agents in antimicrobial products today.  Develop an opinion on whether this process should continue, providing evidence to support your stance.