evolutionary medicine.

In this week's discussion, let's focus on evolutionary medicine. Please find a recent (within the last 10 years) peer-reviewed scientific article that demonstrates one of the principles of evolutionary medicine, such as a new approach to understanding symptoms, recognition of the evolutionary history behind what are considered "flaws" in the human body, etc.  

Please be certain to give the full citation and DOI (if available). And please read through all the entries before submitting yours, so that you pick a novel article that has not yet been discussed!