ESSAY

Read each of the questions 1-4. Choose two (2) of the questions write a clear, well-organized response. Be sure to address all aspects of the question. Then answer the last, ungraded, question. Your mid-term should be 3-4 pages total. 

1) As a version of an Act utilitarianism, Bentham's theory allows actions that can be considered morally heinous. What concept does Mill add to utilitarianism that tries to address this problem? Do you think his solution works, in either of its forms? Why or why not? (20 points) 

2) Happiness plays an important role in the moral theories of the four theories we have studied: Utilitarianism, Kantian Ethics, Aristotle's Virtue Ethics, and Aquinas's Natural Law theory. Describe how happiness is understood in each theory and what role it plays. (20 points) 

3) What motivates Kant's efforts to ground morality in reason and not in emotion? Do you think his theory offers us strong moral guidance for our lives? Why or why not? Give examples. (20 points)

4) Which of the four normative moral theories, if any, have had the greatest influence on you? (You can choose more than one if you want.) Have any changed the way you think about questions of "right and wrong", "good and bad." Describe how the theory has or has not affected your thinking. Give specifics about the view. Give examples. (20 points)

REQUIRED TO ANSWER :

Having studied the four normative theories, do you think you are a moral realist (there are moral truths that pick out "mind-independent" moral properties) or do you think you are a moral relativist (there are no moral truths and moral claims are relative to individuals and cultures). State very briefly why.

Please have done as soon as possible .