Escience: Qualitative Analysis of Ions

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pre-lab Questions

1. What is one difference between qualitative and quantitative analysis? 

2. Use Table 1 to determine which metal ion would be identified as the reactant if a reaction with ammonia produces a violet complex? Use scientific reasoning to explain your answer. 

3. Use the pH scale to describe an acidic solution and a basic solution. At what pH would a solution be considered neutral? Why?  

  

experiment 1: qualitative analysis of reactions

Data Sheet

Table 2: Litmus Test Results of OH- and H+

  

Solution Type


Initial Litmus Color


Final Litmus Color


Acid or Base?

 

Acetic acid 


Purple 


Red 


Acid 

 

Sodium bicarbonate 


Purple 


Blue 


Base 

Table 3: Test Results

  

Solution Type


Indicator


Observations

 

Initial


Final

 

Carbonate Ion


Bubble formation when an acid is added 


Clear solution 


Bubbles 

 

Sulfate Ion


White precipitates when barium chloride is added to the   solution. 


Clear solution 


White precipitates 

 

Phosphate Ion


Formation of white precipitate 


Clear solution


White precipitate formed 

 

Calcium Ion


Formation of precipitate 


Clear solution 


Precipitate 

Table 4: Determination of an Unknown Results

  


Carbonate Ion Test Tube


Sulfate Ion Test Tube


Phosphate Ion Test Tube

 

Observations


No bubbles observed. Solution remained clear 


No precipitate 


White precipitate formed

 

Result: Positive or Negative?


Negative 


Negative 


positive

Post-Lab Questions

1. What ion is contained in the unknown solution? Use your results as evidence. 

2. Imagine that the unknown solution contains aqueous ammonium sulfate, which is commonly used in fertilizer. Write a balanced equation for the precipitation of barium sulfate after mixing aqueous ammonium sulfate and barium chloride.



 

3.  Identify and discuss any sources of error for this experiment. How could you mitigate error?


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    Escience: Qualitative Analysis of Ions
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