Due 12/6

For this unit’s Complete assignment, write a comprehensive scholarly essay ( minimum 1500 words) in which you analyze, explain, and apply these concepts in the context of a criminal justice organizational issue. You must incorporate and cite, using correct APA citation format, at least (4) four different scholarly research sources. In-line citations must be used in the body of your essay, and all research sources must be fully cited at the conclusion of your essay. Correct APA citation formats must be used.

Key Concepts:  corpus delicti, ex post facto, motive, intent, and opportunity  

Capstone Cases:  Illinois v. Lara, California v. Towler, 641 P. 2d 1253 (Cal. 1982),  Smith v. Doe, Rogers v. Tennessee, 532 U.S. 45 (2001). 

Assignment: In a narrative format for the Complete section, construct one essay which addresses the following points: The minimum requirements for Completes are four (4) scholarly sources including at least one peer reviewed journal article (one published within the last seven years).Your essay must contain a minimum of 1500 words of substantive content, not including the references section. All citations must be listed in correct APA 7th edition format and all other relevant APA rules must be observed.

The narrative essay should clearly define the key concepts of  corpus delicti and  ex post facto,  motive, intent, and  opportunity principles and will apply these principles to the Capstone cases of  Illinois v. Lara, California v. Towler, 641 P. 2d 1253 (Cal. 1982),  Smith v. Doe, and  Rogers v. Tennessee, 532 U.S. 45 (2001).  Your response will include the overview of the cases and will also need to address each question or statement listed below in an essay format.

· In the case of   Illinois v. Lara, A jury found the defendant, Jason Lara, guilty of two counts of predatory criminal sexual assault based on the claim that he sexually penetrated an eight-year-old girl. On appeal, Lara argued that the State failed to prove the  corpus delicti of the offense because the State failed to present any evidence corroborating Lara’s confession that he sexually penetrated the alleged victim. Provide some examples of how  corpus delicti could have been proven for the more serious sexual assault offense alleged at issue in the case.

· Do you believe that  corpus delicti serves an important purpose, or should confessions be allowed to stand alone as evidence to support convictions?

· Read the court’s opinion in  California v. Towler, 641 P. 2d 1253 (Cal. 1982). Discuss how a defendant’s  motive, intent, and  opportunity can contribute to evidentiary proof that a murder has occurred.

· In the capstone Case:  Smith v. Doe, the Alaska Sex Offender Registration Act requires convicted sex offenders to register with law enforcement authorities, and much of the information is made public. The U.S. Supreme Court considers whether the registration requirement is a retroactive punishment prohibited by the Ex Post Facto Clause. Do you find that the Alaska registration law is not punitive and therefore not  an ex post facto law? Why or why not?

· Should restrictions on  ex post facto laws apply to administrative procedures, such as parole hearings, or should they only apply to laws that define crimes themselves?

· Read and compare the U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling in  Rogers v. Tennessee, 532 U.S. 451 (2001), where the Court considered whether a trial court can retroactively alter a common law rule that governs causation in homicide cases. What considerations does the Court identify determining whether to allow a retroactive change to the state’s longstanding common law rule?

· Which opinion—majority or dissenting—do you find more legally persuasive?

For this unit’s Complete assignment, write a comprehensive scholarly essay ( minimum 1500 words) in which you analyze, explain, and apply these concepts in the context of a criminal justice organizational issue. You must incorporate and cite, using correct APA citation format, at least (4) four different scholarly research sources. In-line citations must be used in the body of your essay, and all research sources must be fully cited at the conclusion of your essay. Correct APA citation formats must be used.

In the wake of public outcry regarding misconduct by police officers there have been calls for policing reforms. Some of the discussion regarding these reforms proposes a redesign of some aspects the policing mission. This could include significant changes in the tasks that are assigned to law enforcement officers. Some examples of these changes might be differential response to mental health issues, substance abusers or the homeless. Officers might also be trained to use de-escalation techniques when dealing with people in crisis or who are resisting their enforcement actions. There might also be additional training for officers to recognize implicit bias when dealing with minority members of the community. These changes might be met with skepticism or resistance by police officers.

•    Using the concepts and ideas from this week’s Read section what theories might help to inform ways to properly motivate your officers to accept these changes.  •    Discuss specifically how you would motivate your officers to accept and embrace these changes. Include ways that you would motivate both the rank and file officers, first line supervisors and command staff.  •    Using the concepts and ideas from this week’s Read section discuss ways these “jobs” or tasks might be redesigned or restructured. •    Once these changes are implemented discuss how you would evaluate or measure their effectiveness.

For this unit’s Complete assignment, write a comprehensive scholarly essay ( minimum 1500 words) in which you analyze, explain, and apply these concepts in the context of a criminal justice organizational issue. You must incorporate and cite, using correct APA citation format, at least (4) four different scholarly research sources. In-line citations must be used in the body of your essay, and all research sources must be fully cited at the conclusion of your essay. Correct APA citation formats must be used.

The following elements should be included in your essay:

Criminal Justice organizations must remain aware of their environments both internally and externally. Successful leaders constantly monitor the political environment that can influence their organizations. Provide an example of a potential event or issue which might significantly change the environment of an organization. This event can be either man made or naturally occurring. Develop a plan for responding to this change. The following elements or concepts should be included in your plan proposal:

•    Summarize the hypothetical event that a criminal justice leader must respond to. Provide sufficient details to describe the nature of the issue or event. •    Describe the agency environment before the event or issue occurred. Discuss how the event might change the agency’s environment. •    Discuss specific ways that the managers or leaders might manage the issue or event. This could include policy changes or staffing adjustments. •    Leaders must use effective communication to direct their organizations. What methods would you utilize to effectively communicate both internally and externally to your organization when responding to this event.  •    Discuss what types of technology would be most effective in communicating during this event.  •    Discuss what barriers to effective communication you might encounter and how you would overcome these barriers.

For this unit’s Complete assignment, write a comprehensive scholarly essay ( minimum 1500 words) in which you analyze, explain, and apply these concepts in the context of a criminal justice organizational issue. You must incorporate and cite, using correct APA citation format, at least (4) four different scholarly research sources. In-line citations must be used in the body of your essay, and all research sources must be fully cited at the conclusion of your essay. Correct APA citation formats must be used.

Key Concepts:  corpus delicti, ex post facto, motive, intent, and opportunity  

Capstone Cases:  Illinois v. Lara, California v. Towler, 641 P. 2d 1253 (Cal. 1982),  Smith v. Doe, Rogers v. Tennessee, 532 U.S. 45 (2001). 

Assignment: In a narrative format for the Complete section, construct one essay which addresses the following points: The minimum requirements for Completes are four (4) scholarly sources including at least one peer reviewed journal article (one published within the last seven years).Your essay must contain a minimum of 1500 words of substantive content, not including the references section. All citations must be listed in correct APA 7th edition format and all other relevant APA rules must be observed.

The narrative essay should clearly define the key concepts of  corpus delicti and  ex post facto,  motive, intent, and  opportunity principles and will apply these principles to the Capstone cases of  Illinois v. Lara, California v. Towler, 641 P. 2d 1253 (Cal. 1982),  Smith v. Doe, and  Rogers v. Tennessee, 532 U.S. 45 (2001).  Your response will include the overview of the cases and will also need to address each question or statement listed below in an essay format.

· In the case of   Illinois v. Lara, A jury found the defendant, Jason Lara, guilty of two counts of predatory criminal sexual assault based on the claim that he sexually penetrated an eight-year-old girl. On appeal, Lara argued that the State failed to prove the  corpus delicti of the offense because the State failed to present any evidence corroborating Lara’s confession that he sexually penetrated the alleged victim. Provide some examples of how  corpus delicti could have been proven for the more serious sexual assault offense alleged at issue in the case.

· Do you believe that  corpus delicti serves an important purpose, or should confessions be allowed to stand alone as evidence to support convictions?

· Read the court’s opinion in  California v. Towler, 641 P. 2d 1253 (Cal. 1982). Discuss how a defendant’s  motive, intent, and  opportunity can contribute to evidentiary proof that a murder has occurred.

· In the capstone Case:  Smith v. Doe, the Alaska Sex Offender Registration Act requires convicted sex offenders to register with law enforcement authorities, and much of the information is made public. The U.S. Supreme Court considers whether the registration requirement is a retroactive punishment prohibited by the Ex Post Facto Clause. Do you find that the Alaska registration law is not punitive and therefore not  an ex post facto law? Why or why not?

· Should restrictions on  ex post facto laws apply to administrative procedures, such as parole hearings, or should they only apply to laws that define crimes themselves?

· Read and compare the U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling in  Rogers v. Tennessee, 532 U.S. 451 (2001), where the Court considered whether a trial court can retroactively alter a common law rule that governs causation in homicide cases. What considerations does the Court identify determining whether to allow a retroactive change to the state’s longstanding common law rule?

· Which opinion—majority or dissenting—do you find more legally persuasive?