Denial and Deception

Denial and deception are attempts by those you are collecting intelligence against to either prevent collection or to provide signals that are are misleading and deceptive.

The question for this week is two-fold for collectors: 

1) How can you tell whether your collection is being targeted for disinformation or deception? Research and include real-life examples!

--AND--

2) What measures as a collector can you take to reduce the effects of that disinformation/deception?

Must be 500 words before any sources. Sources must be in Chicago Style format