Criminal justice work

Need question answered using 2 academic references explain why police patrols methods have remained basically reactive in nature for decades. 

Second question numerous studies have shown patrol has little effect on crime . Why do departments refuse to change ? This needs to be a total of 300 words.

third question Louis and his grandmother five limitations of modern patrol allocation models. And select one which you feel is especially important and explain why his problem stands out to you. What would you recommend as a possible solution to the limitations you have identified? this needs to 250 words and list references for all questions answers. Spa format