Create a reply as a DNP student, using as a guide references different from post from 2020-2026 (at least 2) on APA 7 format

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Health systems can be defined as the collection of individuals, institutions, and activities that work together to promote, restore, or maintain health” and include six building blocks: governance and healthcare financing, health workforce, the system of health information, access to essential therapies, vaccines, and advanced technologies, and service delivery (Debie et al., 2022). The health sector is a larger concept that comprises all actors, activities, institutions, and resources producing health outcomes valued by people, and extends beyond the provision of healthcare to sectors such as, for example, pharmaceuticals, public health, education, and social services (Debie et al., 2022).

Universal health coverage (UHC) can be defined as the situation in which all people and communities can use all the essential health services they need to maintain a good health level without facing financial hardship. This includes services for the promotion of health and well-being, prevention of disease, treatment, rehabilitation, and palliative care, of sufficient quality, while ensuring that the use of these services does not expose the users to financial hardship. UHC is characterized by a mechanism of solidarity based financing, risk-pooling, and a major role for public stewardship, in contrast to the currently dominant global reality of fragmented financing, high out-of-pocket payments, and inequitable access. UHC removes financial obstacles, thereby increasing access to essential health services and medications, especially for the poor. It enhances the provision of primary care and encourages the rational use and equitable distribution of medications, which is far from the current global situation, where access to essential drugs is still markedly unequal between and within countries (Ranabhat et al., 2023).

The rationale behind the worldwide health worker shortage are diverse and interconnected with health systems governance failures, is a result of three key issues: the underproduction of skilled health professionals, ineffective management and support of the workforce, and the maldistribution of the workforce within and between countries, and between urban and rural areas. These issues have also been accompanied by failures to integrate workforce planning into emergency preparedness and response, which have revealed weaknesses in the system. In 2030, hundreds of millions of people mainly in Africa and South-East Asia are expected to remain without access to essential health services, posing a major threat to UHC (Ho et al., 2022). These shortages compromise the availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality of health services, and are symptoms of a wider political and governance issue affecting health systems around the world (Ho et al., 2022). Without policies and laws to coordinate health worker planning with UHC, the sustainability, equity, and quality of health systems around the world are jeopardized (Ranabhat et al., 2023).

References

Debie, A., Khatri, R. B., & Assefa, Y. (2022). Successes and challenges of health systems governance towards universal health coverage and global health security: a narrative review and synthesis of the literature. Health research policy and systems, 20(1), 50. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-022-00858-7

Ranabhat, C. L., Acharya, S. P., Adhikari, C., & Kim, C. B. (2023). Universal health coverage evolution, ongoing trend, and future challenge: A conceptual and historical policy review. Frontiers in public health, 11, 1041459. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1041459