Chapter 23 louis xvi & french provincial - chapter 27 directoire,

ch-27-PPTaccessible.pptx

Architecture and Interior Design: An Integrated History to the Present

First Edition

Chapter 27

Directoire, French Empire

1789 – 1815

If this PowerPoint presentation contains mathematical equations, you may need to check that your computer has the following installed:

1) Math Type Plugin

2) Math Player (free versions available)

3) NVDA Reader (free versions available)

1

J. Late Neoclassical

Begins in France, c. 1790, simpler image inspired more by ancient Greece than ancient Rome

Result of scholarship & archaeology

Designers strive for archaeological correctness

Copy or adapt ancient elements in architecture, interiors & furnishings

Neoclassicism aligns with new, more democratic forms of government

Favored for government buildings

New inventions & mass production bring changes in architecture, interiors, and furnishing during the period

2

Directoire, French Empire

Neoclassicism dominates period

Evolves & responds to political & social developments

Interiors & furniture, more than architecture, display styles

Simple, plain Directoire evolves into heavier, more majestic Empire

Architect-designers, Charles Percier & Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine, create Empire

Dictated by Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of France

Empire glorifies Emperor Napoleon

Creates heroic vision though grandeur, military images, & Roman Imperial motifs.

Concepts

Neoclassicism dominates architecture

Three styles define interiors & furnishings

All Neoclassical & reflect climates of their day

Directoire (1789-1799) links Louis

& Empire

Plainer, more Grecian, & closer imitation of classical antiquity

Consulate (1799-1804) introduces Imperial Roman & Egyptian influences

Reflects Napoleon’s military conquests & early reign

More formal, monumental, increased ornament

Empire (1904-1815) glorifies Napoleon

& his empire

Heroic image for emperor who earned right to rule

Motifs

Classical motifs common through 1815

Classical figures, acanthus leaf, swag, rinceau, rosette, anthemion, arabesque, vase, lyre

Directoire: lozenges, rosettes, spirals

Symbols of Revolution: oak leaf, clasped hands

Consulate & Empire:

Roman motifs: animal legs, swans caryatids, monopodia

Military symbols: stars, spears, swords, helmets

Egyptian motifs after 1799: sphinxes, obelisks

Napoleonic symbols: honeybee, laurel wreath, N

5

27.1

Détails et adjustements tirès de L’Atélier de Peinture du C. I., c. 1827; Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine. French Empire.

Long Description:

The designs from the left to the right are as follows. A bird is surrounded by different types of animals. A string is an instrument surrounded by an acanthus leaf design. A bowl with a lid has a human figure carved on one raised arm on the right and a leaf design on the left. An owl is on two swords. A rinceau. A human figure bordered with leaves design. A lion with forelegs, wings, and a volute tail. A vase. An angel is on a sphere. A column has a lion face standing vertically with four legs and volute capital on its head with a horizontal rectangular bar. A vase with a leaf design stick at its center. A column of a Corinthian order has a capital. A vase has a swan handle and protruding mouth. A vas holder has a circular basket with leaves design on its top and three legs. A vase with a flat mouth and leaves design on it body.

6

Architecture

Most building activity after 1790s

Mainly renovations of residences & government buildings

Designers & architects study, measure, draw, & publish information about ancient structures

Subsequently become models for new buildings

Architectural theory emphasizes form and structure over ornament, and education centers on ancient models

Bold, stylistically unadventurous

Grecian plainness & geometric forms dominate

Some Roman or Egyptian attributes & motifs

Napoleon’s personal commissions for restorations & enlarging palaces and other residences

7

27.2

Arc de Triomphe de l’Etoile, c. 1808–1836; Paris, France; J.-F.-T. Chalgrin. French Empire.

27.3

La Madeleine and floor plan; 1804-1849; Paris, France; Pierre Vignon and interiors by J.-J.-M. Huvé. French Empire.

Long Description:

The La Madeleine building has a pediment with human sculptures. The entablature below the pediment has text and animal figures. The building is surrounded by Corinthian columns. The main entry door is on the center axis. The steps in front of the main door entrance create a procession. The podium is on the lateral building. The prominent site for monumental effect is at the bottom.

9

27.4

Rue de Rivoli, 1802–1855; Paris, France; Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine. French Empire

Interiors

Classical attributes & motifs from Greece, Rome, & Egypt

Evolve from light & delicate to majestic & pompous

Pompeiian-style wall decorations common in all

Directoire: continues scale & treatments of last years of

Louis

More simplicity, muted colors, more delicate decoration, & additional antique details.

Empire: masculine, formal, & richly detailed

Classical decorations, rich colors, & large, formal furniture arranged around the walls

Percier & Fontaine create Empire

Design all elements in a room for unity

27.5

La Salle du Trone á Napoleon (throne room of Napoleon), Palais de Fontainebleau, c.1800; Fontainebleau, France. French Empire.

Long Description:

The ceiling has grand decorations. A textile screen behind the throne rises toward the ceiling. Lamps supported by columns are on the left and the right of the throne. A large hanging lamp is hung on the ceiling. Many small thrones are arranged on the left and the right of the floor.

12

27.6

Salle de Conseil (Council Chamber), Château de la Malmaison, c.1800; near Paris, France; Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine. French Empire.

27.7

Cabinet de travail-bibliothéque (library), Château de la Malmaison, near Paris, France. Library published in Recueil de décorations intérieures, 1812, 1827. French Empire.

Long Description 1:

The classic motifs, arch, painted decorations, saucer dome, and Roman emperors painting are on the ceiling. The Tuscan column rises from the pedestal. Bookcases are mounted on the walls. The pedestal and Medallion are in the medial region. The floor is decorated with a geometric floor pattern.

Long Description 2:

The library has classic motifs, arches, painted decorations, and a saucer dome on the ceiling. The Tuscan column rises from the pedestal. Bookcases are mounted on the walls. The pedestal and Medallion are in the medial region. The floor is decorated with a geometric floor pattern.

14

27.8

Lit éxécuté à Paris, c. 1827; Paris, France; Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Leonard Fontaine; published in Recueil de décorations intérieures, 1812, 1827. French Empire.

Long Description:

The great throne is under a roof supported by four columns. The roof has a pediment and cornice. The pediment has a human figure sculpture. The top ceiling has geometrical patterns. The upper side walls have a painting of people. Two women sculptures are on the left and the right of the throne.

15

27.9

Wallpaper: Panel from “Psyche and Cupid,” 1814; France; Dufour. French Empire.

27.10

Window Treatments: Wallpaper showing drapery treatment and actual draperies, c. 1815–1820s. French Empire.

27.11

Textiles: Upholstery with period motifs; France. French Empire.

27.12

Lighting: Candelabra, hanging lamp, and guéridon, c. early 1800s. French Empire

Long Description:

Two angel sculptures are on the left and the right of a column on the stand. Two arms extend from the feet of the sculptures holding two holders with candles. The arms of the sculptures are two holders with candles. A circular plat above the angel sculptures held a human sculpture that held a holder with a candle on his head.

19

Furnishings & Decorative Arts

Classical attributes, forms, & motifs

Inspired by Pompeii, ancient vase paintings, & stucco reliefs

Copy & adapt ancient Greek & Roman furniture

Directoire: slender proportions, greater severity, angularity

Rolled-over backs, saber legs

Consulate: heavier in scale, more gilding & ornament

Egyptian motifs & characteristics of Empire

Empire: classical & architectonic

Masculine, stiff, & majestic & design supersedes comfort

Blocky, sharp corners, little applied ornament

20

27.13

Fauteuil, c. 1800, Paris, France; Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Leonard Fontaine; published in Recueil de décorations intérieures, 1812, 1827. French Empire.

27.14

Bergère with swans, c. early 1800s; France. French Empire

27.15

Fauteuils, tabourets, candelabra, côté du tabouret, petit pendule, and table, c. 1800; Paris area, France; by Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine; published in Recueil de décorations intérieures, 1812, 1827. French Empire.

Long Description:

The two types of fauteuil have tall backs with semicircular tops. One of the fauteuils has rectangle frames holding the seat. The other fauteuil has an armrest and curved legs. An upholstery has tassels and flower borders. A Candelabra has a rectangle stand at the bottom with a lotus vase and a rising column holds the lamp holder. A bowl has an arch leg with volute arms. A table has a human sculpture at its bottom and a circular plate held by wings. A table has a central column and the legs have flower plant designs. A table has sphinx and cabriole legs.

23

27.16

Canapé, c. 1790s–1810s; France. French Empire.

27.17

Round table with pedestal base and animal legs, c. early 1800s; France. French Empire.

27.19

Commode with ormolu decoration, c. 1800-1820s; France.

27.20

Lit, Chambre a Coucher de l’Impératrice (Josephine’s bedroom), Château de la Malmaison, c. 1800; Paris, France; Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine. French Empire.

27.21

Lit en acajou garni de cuivres dorés (bed in mahogany with gilded bronze appliqués), c. early 1800s; France. French Empire.

Copyright

This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted. The work and materials from it should never be made available to students except by instructors using the accompanying text in their classes. All recipients of this work are expected to abide by these restrictions and to honor the intended pedagogical purposes and the needs of other instructors who rely on these materials.

29

image5.jpg

image1.jpeg

image6.wmf

oleObject1.bin

image7.wmf

image8.wmf

oleObject2.bin

oleObject3.bin

image9.jpg

image10.jpg

image11.jpg

image12.jpg

image13.jpg

oleObject4.bin

image14.jpg

image15.jpg

image16.jpg

image17.jpg

image18.jpg

image19.jpg

image20.jpg

image21.jpg

image22.jpg

image23.jpg

image24.jpg

image25.jpg

image26.jpg

image27.jpg

image28.jpg

image29.jpg

image30.jpg

image31.jpg

image32.jpg

image33.jpg

image34.jpg

image35.jpg

image36.png

image4.png

ch-27-PPTaccessible.pptx

Architecture and Interior Design: An Integrated History to the Present

First Edition

Chapter 27

Directoire, French Empire

1789 – 1815

If this PowerPoint presentation contains mathematical equations, you may need to check that your computer has the following installed:

1) Math Type Plugin

2) Math Player (free versions available)

3) NVDA Reader (free versions available)

1

J. Late Neoclassical

Begins in France, c. 1790, simpler image inspired more by ancient Greece than ancient Rome

Result of scholarship & archaeology

Designers strive for archaeological correctness

Copy or adapt ancient elements in architecture, interiors & furnishings

Neoclassicism aligns with new, more democratic forms of government

Favored for government buildings

New inventions & mass production bring changes in architecture, interiors, and furnishing during the period

2

Directoire, French Empire

Neoclassicism dominates period

Evolves & responds to political & social developments

Interiors & furniture, more than architecture, display styles

Simple, plain Directoire evolves into heavier, more majestic Empire

Architect-designers, Charles Percier & Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine, create Empire

Dictated by Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of France

Empire glorifies Emperor Napoleon

Creates heroic vision though grandeur, military images, & Roman Imperial motifs.

Concepts

Neoclassicism dominates architecture

Three styles define interiors & furnishings

All Neoclassical & reflect climates of their day

Directoire (1789-1799) links Louis

& Empire

Plainer, more Grecian, & closer imitation of classical antiquity

Consulate (1799-1804) introduces Imperial Roman & Egyptian influences

Reflects Napoleon’s military conquests & early reign

More formal, monumental, increased ornament

Empire (1904-1815) glorifies Napoleon

& his empire

Heroic image for emperor who earned right to rule

Motifs

Classical motifs common through 1815

Classical figures, acanthus leaf, swag, rinceau, rosette, anthemion, arabesque, vase, lyre

Directoire: lozenges, rosettes, spirals

Symbols of Revolution: oak leaf, clasped hands

Consulate & Empire:

Roman motifs: animal legs, swans caryatids, monopodia

Military symbols: stars, spears, swords, helmets

Egyptian motifs after 1799: sphinxes, obelisks

Napoleonic symbols: honeybee, laurel wreath, N

5

27.1

Détails et adjustements tirès de L’Atélier de Peinture du C. I., c. 1827; Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine. French Empire.

Long Description:

The designs from the left to the right are as follows. A bird is surrounded by different types of animals. A string is an instrument surrounded by an acanthus leaf design. A bowl with a lid has a human figure carved on one raised arm on the right and a leaf design on the left. An owl is on two swords. A rinceau. A human figure bordered with leaves design. A lion with forelegs, wings, and a volute tail. A vase. An angel is on a sphere. A column has a lion face standing vertically with four legs and volute capital on its head with a horizontal rectangular bar. A vase with a leaf design stick at its center. A column of a Corinthian order has a capital. A vase has a swan handle and protruding mouth. A vas holder has a circular basket with leaves design on its top and three legs. A vase with a flat mouth and leaves design on it body.

6

Architecture

Most building activity after 1790s

Mainly renovations of residences & government buildings

Designers & architects study, measure, draw, & publish information about ancient structures

Subsequently become models for new buildings

Architectural theory emphasizes form and structure over ornament, and education centers on ancient models

Bold, stylistically unadventurous

Grecian plainness & geometric forms dominate

Some Roman or Egyptian attributes & motifs

Napoleon’s personal commissions for restorations & enlarging palaces and other residences

7

27.2

Arc de Triomphe de l’Etoile, c. 1808–1836; Paris, France; J.-F.-T. Chalgrin. French Empire.

27.3

La Madeleine and floor plan; 1804-1849; Paris, France; Pierre Vignon and interiors by J.-J.-M. Huvé. French Empire.

Long Description:

The La Madeleine building has a pediment with human sculptures. The entablature below the pediment has text and animal figures. The building is surrounded by Corinthian columns. The main entry door is on the center axis. The steps in front of the main door entrance create a procession. The podium is on the lateral building. The prominent site for monumental effect is at the bottom.

9

27.4

Rue de Rivoli, 1802–1855; Paris, France; Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine. French Empire

Interiors

Classical attributes & motifs from Greece, Rome, & Egypt

Evolve from light & delicate to majestic & pompous

Pompeiian-style wall decorations common in all

Directoire: continues scale & treatments of last years of

Louis

More simplicity, muted colors, more delicate decoration, & additional antique details.

Empire: masculine, formal, & richly detailed

Classical decorations, rich colors, & large, formal furniture arranged around the walls

Percier & Fontaine create Empire

Design all elements in a room for unity

27.5

La Salle du Trone á Napoleon (throne room of Napoleon), Palais de Fontainebleau, c.1800; Fontainebleau, France. French Empire.

Long Description:

The ceiling has grand decorations. A textile screen behind the throne rises toward the ceiling. Lamps supported by columns are on the left and the right of the throne. A large hanging lamp is hung on the ceiling. Many small thrones are arranged on the left and the right of the floor.

12

27.6

Salle de Conseil (Council Chamber), Château de la Malmaison, c.1800; near Paris, France; Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine. French Empire.

27.7

Cabinet de travail-bibliothéque (library), Château de la Malmaison, near Paris, France. Library published in Recueil de décorations intérieures, 1812, 1827. French Empire.

Long Description 1:

The classic motifs, arch, painted decorations, saucer dome, and Roman emperors painting are on the ceiling. The Tuscan column rises from the pedestal. Bookcases are mounted on the walls. The pedestal and Medallion are in the medial region. The floor is decorated with a geometric floor pattern.

Long Description 2:

The library has classic motifs, arches, painted decorations, and a saucer dome on the ceiling. The Tuscan column rises from the pedestal. Bookcases are mounted on the walls. The pedestal and Medallion are in the medial region. The floor is decorated with a geometric floor pattern.

14

27.8

Lit éxécuté à Paris, c. 1827; Paris, France; Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Leonard Fontaine; published in Recueil de décorations intérieures, 1812, 1827. French Empire.

Long Description:

The great throne is under a roof supported by four columns. The roof has a pediment and cornice. The pediment has a human figure sculpture. The top ceiling has geometrical patterns. The upper side walls have a painting of people. Two women sculptures are on the left and the right of the throne.

15

27.9

Wallpaper: Panel from “Psyche and Cupid,” 1814; France; Dufour. French Empire.

27.10

Window Treatments: Wallpaper showing drapery treatment and actual draperies, c. 1815–1820s. French Empire.

27.11

Textiles: Upholstery with period motifs; France. French Empire.

27.12

Lighting: Candelabra, hanging lamp, and guéridon, c. early 1800s. French Empire

Long Description:

Two angel sculptures are on the left and the right of a column on the stand. Two arms extend from the feet of the sculptures holding two holders with candles. The arms of the sculptures are two holders with candles. A circular plat above the angel sculptures held a human sculpture that held a holder with a candle on his head.

19

Furnishings & Decorative Arts

Classical attributes, forms, & motifs

Inspired by Pompeii, ancient vase paintings, & stucco reliefs

Copy & adapt ancient Greek & Roman furniture

Directoire: slender proportions, greater severity, angularity

Rolled-over backs, saber legs

Consulate: heavier in scale, more gilding & ornament

Egyptian motifs & characteristics of Empire

Empire: classical & architectonic

Masculine, stiff, & majestic & design supersedes comfort

Blocky, sharp corners, little applied ornament

20

27.13

Fauteuil, c. 1800, Paris, France; Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Leonard Fontaine; published in Recueil de décorations intérieures, 1812, 1827. French Empire.

27.14

Bergère with swans, c. early 1800s; France. French Empire

27.15

Fauteuils, tabourets, candelabra, côté du tabouret, petit pendule, and table, c. 1800; Paris area, France; by Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine; published in Recueil de décorations intérieures, 1812, 1827. French Empire.

Long Description:

The two types of fauteuil have tall backs with semicircular tops. One of the fauteuils has rectangle frames holding the seat. The other fauteuil has an armrest and curved legs. An upholstery has tassels and flower borders. A Candelabra has a rectangle stand at the bottom with a lotus vase and a rising column holds the lamp holder. A bowl has an arch leg with volute arms. A table has a human sculpture at its bottom and a circular plate held by wings. A table has a central column and the legs have flower plant designs. A table has sphinx and cabriole legs.

23

27.16

Canapé, c. 1790s–1810s; France. French Empire.

27.17

Round table with pedestal base and animal legs, c. early 1800s; France. French Empire.

27.19

Commode with ormolu decoration, c. 1800-1820s; France.

27.20

Lit, Chambre a Coucher de l’Impératrice (Josephine’s bedroom), Château de la Malmaison, c. 1800; Paris, France; Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine. French Empire.

27.21

Lit en acajou garni de cuivres dorés (bed in mahogany with gilded bronze appliqués), c. early 1800s; France. French Empire.

Copyright

This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted. The work and materials from it should never be made available to students except by instructors using the accompanying text in their classes. All recipients of this work are expected to abide by these restrictions and to honor the intended pedagogical purposes and the needs of other instructors who rely on these materials.

Chapter 23 Louis XVI & French Provincial - CHAPTER 27 Directoire, French Empire

ch-27-PPTaccessible.pptx

ch-27-PPTaccessible.pptx

image5.jpg

image1.jpeg

image6.wmf

oleObject1.bin

image7.wmf

image8.wmf

oleObject2.bin

oleObject3.bin

image9.jpg

image10.jpg

image11.jpg

image12.jpg

image13.jpg

oleObject4.bin

image14.jpg

image15.jpg

image16.jpg

image17.jpg

image18.jpg

image19.jpg

image20.jpg

image21.jpg

image22.jpg

image23.jpg

image24.jpg

image25.jpg

image26.jpg

image27.jpg

image28.jpg

image29.jpg

image30.jpg

image31.jpg

image32.jpg

image33.jpg

image34.jpg

image35.jpg

image36.png

image4.png

ch-27-PPTaccessible.pptx

image5.jpg

image1.jpeg

image6.wmf

oleObject1.bin

image7.wmf

image8.wmf

oleObject2.bin

oleObject3.bin

image9.jpg

image10.jpg

image11.jpg

image12.jpg

image13.jpg

oleObject4.bin

image14.jpg

image15.jpg

image16.jpg

image17.jpg

image18.jpg

image19.jpg

image20.jpg

image21.jpg

image22.jpg

image23.jpg

image24.jpg

image25.jpg

image26.jpg

image27.jpg

image28.jpg

image29.jpg

image30.jpg

image31.jpg

image32.jpg

image33.jpg

image34.jpg

image35.jpg

image36.png

image4.png