Business Finance - Management Week 9 Assignment- Delivery of Healthcare

Week 9 Learning Resources

Delivery of Healthcare

Required Reading

· Shi, L., & Singh, D. A. (2022).  Delivering health care in America: A systems approach (8th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.

· Chapter 5, “Medical Technology” (pp. 200–232)

· Harvard Business School Institute for Strategy & Competitiveness. (n.d.).  Information technology Links to an external site. . https://www.isc.hbs.edu/health-care/value-based-health-care/key-concepts/Pages/information-technology.aspx

· Heslip, N. (n.d.).  Crossing the quality chasm Links to an external site. . PolicyMedical. https://assets.hcca-info.org/Portals/0/PDFs/Resources/library/Crossing%20the%20Quality%20Chasm.pdf Note: Review this resource, focusing on the IOM Aim of: Be equitable.

· Institute of Medicine. (2001).  Improving the 21st-century health care systemLinks to an external site. . In  Crossing the quality chasm: A new health system for the 21st century (pp 39–60). National Academy Press. https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/10027/chapter/4 Note: Review this resource, focusing on the IOM Aim of: Be equitable.

Optional Resources

· Mjåset, C., Ikram, U., Nagra, N. S, & Feeley, T. W. (2020, November 10).  Value-based health care in four different health care systemsLinks to an external site. .  NEJM Catalyst,  1(6), 1–23. https://catalyst.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/CAT.20.0530

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Continuum Of Care Scenario

Student’s Name

Course Name

Instructor’s Name

Institution

Date

Continuum Of Care Scenario

The targeted community in the health community is Providence, Rhode Island, the diagnosis under investigation is opioid use disorder, and the country comparison is Canada.

A significant advancement connected with the aspect of value-based care in information technology is the growth of interoperable health information systems, which would incorporate behavioral health, primary care, and community-based services. Fragmented electronic health records (EHRs) in Providence restrict clinical collaboration in the emergency department, substance use treatment programs, and social services, which contribute to care gaps in follow-up of patients with opioid use disorder. The value-based care focuses on the information technology that facilitates tracking of patients over an extended period, outcome measures assessment, and sharing of clinical data across locations to enhance quality and lower expenses (Harvard Business School Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness, n.d.). The adoption of interoperable EHR systems and registries would allow providers to detect the high-risk patients, eliminate duplication of services, and enhance continuity throughout the continuum of care (Shi & Singh, 2022).

Concerning the IOM's aim of being equitable, one of the essential areas of improvement would be to reduce the differences in accessibility of technology-enabled care by the marginalized population. Opioid use disorder persons in Providence have a high susceptibility to socioeconomic challenges, a lack of digital literacy, and inconsistent telehealth access. According to the Institute of Medicine, fair care does not have to be of different quality based on individual factors like income, race, or geographical setting (Institute of Medicine, 2001). Low-barrier access to telehealth, mobile health services, and community-based digital support tools should be extended to help decrease disparities and make sure vulnerable populations will enjoy equal benefits with health system innovations (Heslip, n.d.).

The healthcare delivery model in Canada, in relation to Providence, is more aligned with value-based information technology in the form of nationally coordinated health information systems and more extensive incorporation of digital health tools. The publicly funded system in Canada promotes standardized population-level performance measurement data collection and ensures equal access and accountability in all regions (Shi and Singh, 2022). Providence can also take the example of Canada in the importance of data sharing across the system and the deployment of technologies that prioritize equity, but in the process, Providence should be aware of the fact that centralized control might restrict the local ability to be flexible. Altogether, the coordinated information technology strategies can be beneficial in reinforcing equity and outcomes throughout the continuum of care.

References

Harvard Business School Institute for Strategy & Competitiveness. (n.d.). Information technology.

Institute of Medicine. (2001). Crossing the quality chasm: A new health system for the 21st century.

Heslip, N. (n.d.). Crossing the quality chasm.

Shi, L., & Singh, D. A. (2022). Delivering health care in America: A systems approach (8th ed.).

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Community Profile and Continuum of Care: Los Angeles, California

Lakenya Campbell

MMHA 6050: Delivery of Healthcare

Walden University

Dr. Sheryl

December 14th, 2025

Community Profile and Continuum of Care: Los Angeles, California

Analysis of the behaviour of health systems in solving multifaceted issues on the side of health requires consideration of the characteristics of a community and the processes that assist individuals at the different levels of care delivery. The health problem that is explored in this study on Los Angeles, California, a diverse western city, is accidents, or unintentional injuries. The diagnosis in the category is TBI as the cause of a car crash. The diagnosis is applicable to Los Angeles because of the heavy traffic, and the number of injuries caused by collisions is very high in the city. The paper will profile Los Angeles, discuss its social determinants of health, identify its major causes of death, and explain how a TBI patient would move across the continuum through at least four healthcare settings. The paper relies on the course materials and the research sources to demonstrate how the variables at the neighborhood level and system level influence patient outcomes.

Community Profile

Description of the Community

Los Angeles is one of the most populated and culturally diverse cities of the US. This is opposed to the city of Los Angeles which has a population of 3.8 million in comparison to 10 million people in Los Angeles County (U.S. Census Bureau, 2023). The community is diverse as it has large Hispanic/Latin, African American, Asian, and White populations. In spite of the economic opportunities of the city, there is income inequality, the median household income is at 69,700, yet the vast majority of the population is below the federal poverty line. The urban areas, freeways and sprawling business districts of the city offer specific environmental and population health concerns. High volumes of traffic, high levels of pedestrian traffic and high frequencies of commuting enhance the risk of accidents. These demographics and structure determine the health landscape in Los Angeles and how the residents acquire injury-related disorders such as TBI.

Social Determinants of Health in Los Angeles

In Los Angeles, SDOH influence the occurrence rate and the morbidity of unintentional injuries. Economic stability is the key to safe transportation, preventive treatment and long-term medical rehabilitation. Neighborhoods with lower income might be underdeveloped in terms of road infrastructure and, therefore, being more prone to traffic risks. Homelessness and housing instability, that impact tens of thousands of the population of the Los Angeles County, only contribute to pedestrian injuries and postponed healthcare.

Health literacy is influenced by education since TBI survivors need to know the complicated treatment steps and rehabilitation guidelines. The misunderstanding that is created by language or academic differences may hinder healing. Wait times, insurance and transportation influence access to healthcare. The poor populations do not receive timely and quality care despite having world-class medical centers. The community context gets influence on the health outcomes too; the immigration status and cultural barriers can result in the residents not seeking emergency care or follow-up care. All these socioeconomic factors have a significant influence on the likelihood of accidental injury and TBI recovery.

Leading Causes of Death in the Community

The main causes of death in Los Angeles County during recent years are heart disease, cancer, COVID-19, stroke, and unintentional injuries (CDC, 2023). The common causes of death among 1-44 years of age are the motor vehicle accidents, falls, poisonings and occupational events. Many of these deaths are a result of injuries caused by motor vehicles, since the city has a huge network of freeways, which can easily result in congestion problems. Thousands of collisions result in serious injuries or death among citizens every year. Extensive traumatic brain damage affects both disabled people and those with functional impairment in the long-term, which is caused by motor vehicle accidents. Accidents are among the major five killers in Los Angeles so they qualify to be a public health issue that must be prevented, treated and rehabilitated in a coordinated manner.

Healthcare Settings Across the Continuum of Care

The traumatic brain injuries of motor vehicle injuries in Los Angeles patients would occur at various healthcare locations at the continuum. These locations work together to deliver patient-based, coordinated care starting with emergency response until rehabilitation. As pointed out by Shi and Singh (2022), the continuum of care promotes smooth transitions and minimizes fragmentation to enhance patient outcomes.

EMS is the starting point in the journey of the patient. The Los Angeles Fire Department is able to respond fast to the location of accidents to stabilize patients, provide safety of the airways, and analyze neurological activity. Quick access to a trauma center can minimize the mortality and chronic disability. The University of Southern California Medical Center and Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center are both level I trauma hospitals in Los Angeles: both of them offer acute stabilization, neurosurgical examination, and diagnostic imaging in the emergency department. This is necessary in preventing secondary brain injury and initiating treatment.

The patient would be treated by an acute inpatient facility following the emergency department stabilization. In order to avoid brain injury, acute care units, especially the neurosurgical critical care units, measure, surgically intervention and support intracranial pressure. Shi and Singh (2022) state that inpatient facilities are necessary in the treatment of complex and high-acuity illness. At this stage, interdisciplinary teams discuss the rehabilitation requirements of the patient and they form the basis of recovery.

The next program to inpatient rehabilitation facilities is often following medical stabilization. Los Angeles has nationally-recognized TBI recovery services such as Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center. The patient is given a multidisciplinary rehabilitation in the form of physical, occupational, speech and neuropsychological therapy. The focus of this important stage is to restore mobility, communication, cognitive and daily independence.

Outpatient and specialty care is offered to the patient after an inpatient rehabilitation. Outpatient Los Angeles institutions provide long-term recovery therapy comprising of advanced cognitive rehabilitation, vocational training, behavioral health care, and neurological follow-up. Basic and specialist outpatient care helps to heal, prevent and monitor progress. Han et al. (2023) observe that care linkage can be used to improve continuity and minimize gaps that may interfere with the healing process in outpatient environments.

The community-based or long-term therapy is needed by other traumatic brain injury patients. Home health, long-term skilled nursing, assisted living, or community reintegration may be needed based on the injury. In Chapter 10 of Delivering Health Care in America, the author puts emphasis on the role of long-term care in the context of the chronically disabled people. Such programs not only favour quality of living, but also functioning.

Summary and Conclusion

Los Angeles is a varied and grossly populated metropolis marred by economic disparity, problems in transport and unintended injuries. The diagnosis of traumatic brain injuries caused by motor vehicle accidents is such an essential diagnosis in this category and it indicates the structural and environmental concerns of the community. The possibility to recover such injuries is based on socioeconomic determinants of health like economic stability, education, neighborhood, access to care, and community context.

In Los Angeles, TBI patients have a well-structured system of treatment that goes as an emergency medical response to acute inpatient care, inpatient rehabilitation, outpatient therapy, and long-term support. Every environment is essential to enhance results and minimize disabilities in the long term. According to the course material, the complicated diseases such as TBI should be treated using integrated systems, coordinated transitions, and patient-centered care. The interactions between the characteristics of a community and its healthcare infrastructures show the strengths of the healthcare systems, the inequities that continue to exist and the potential reforms to advance the health of the population and patient outcomes.

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Leading causes of death. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/leading-causes-of-death.htm

Han, E., Chung, W., Trujillo, A., Gittelsohn, J., & Shi, L. (2023). The associations of continuity of care with inpatient, outpatient, and total medical care costs among older adults with urinary incontinence. BMC Health Services Research, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-09232-x

Shi, L., & Singh, D. A. (2022). Delivering health care in America: A systems approach (8th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.

U.S. Census Bureau. (2023). Explore census data. https://data.census.gov