Biology and Environment

�Primary sources – original research/experimental results – cutting edge topics

� Journal articles published in peer-reviewed journals

� Conference proceedings

� Technical reports

� .gov - Records government agencies (e.g. annual report, treaty, constitution, government document)

Secondary sources �Reviews � Textbooks

�Magazines & Newspaper articles

�Tertiary sources � Almanacs � Encyclopedias � Handbooks

Journal Articles � Abstract – short synopsis of the paper

� Introduction / Background – the problem being addressed

� Materials & Methods – tests and experiments

� Results – what happened – statistical analysis

� Discussion – what do the finding mean and what still needs to be done

� References – sources the author(s) used

What is the research paper about?

�MAIN TOPIC � Respiratory system � Digestive system � Immune system � Cardiovascular system

� Endocrine system

� etc.

� SUB-TOPIC(S) � Deforestation

� Plastics � Food/Agriculture/Soil � Access to Clean Water � Pollution (air, water, soil, food, etc.)

Developed vs Developing Country � Based on the Human Development Index (HDI)

� Poverty � Literacy

� Education � Life Expectancy �Other Factors

� Developed Country Examples: � United States

�Germany � Japan � New Zealand

� Developing Country Examples: � Haiti

�Ghana � Egypt � Venezuela

Topic Statement � Describe how you are going to connect your topics and list specific

examples you will use in your paper. � Ex: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the toxins found in wildfires

that negatively affect the alveoli, bronchi, and cilia of the respiratory system.

� Make sure that you underline your topic/thesis statement.

Writing your outline: � Introduction � Introduce the topic and give a

little background information.

� Evidence for your topic statement

�Main Point 1 �Main Point 2 �Main Point 3

� Conclusion �Where do we go from here?