Biology - Anatomy Assignment 6

Assignment 6: Non-Parametrics

Chi-Square Test of Association (Independence)

A school system is concerned about the low graduation rate among their high school students. The superintendent assigned a task force to research possible reasons that could explain the low graduation rate. The task force decided to conduct a preliminary literature review about current graduation rate research. The literature review signaled that among several key factors that are related to completion of high school is the development and execution of a school guidance intervention plan. The task force decided to investigate if such is the case in the high school with the highest dropout rate in their district. The following data was collected. (7.5 points)

Valenti High School Data

	Guidance Intervention Plan
Students obtaining a high school diploma	No	Yes
No	577	46
Yes	381	492

In order to run the chi-square test of association (aka, chi-square test of independence), open the file named:

assign 6 prob 1 data.sav

Under View > Value labels you can toggle between the variable category label (no, yes) or the dummy codes (numeric representation) for the category label (0 = no, 1 = yes)

Make sure you review both the “Data view” and “Variable view” so you understand the variable types and other properties – and how the variables were created and entered.

Go to Analyze > Descriptive statistics > Frequencies, and move the two variables to the “Variables” box, then click “ok”

This gives you the frequencies and percents of each of the variables

To run the chi-square of association test, go to Analyze > Descriptive statistics > Crosstabs, then move High School Diploma (HSD) to the “Row” box, and Guidance Intervention Plan (GIP) to the “Column” box

Select “Statistics” then select the “Chi square” and “Phi and Cramer’s V” boxes

Click “Continue”

Select “Cells” then select “Observed” and “Expected” under “Counts” (“Round cell counts” is selected by default)

Click “Continue” then “ok”

You will use the output for questions 1-3.

You were asked to analyze the data and present the findings in the upcoming school board meeting. Your report must include the following:

1. A short explanation about the following. Please copy and paste them into your discussion.

· Chi-Square Test of Association

· The Case Processing Summary table

· Cross tabulation table

· Chi-square Tests table

· Clustered Bar Chart

2. Write down the value of the Pearson chi-square and its associated tail probability (p-value). Is it significant? (Use the Morgan text pp. 36-38, for the APA style writeup)

3. In terms of the experimental hypothesis, what has this test shown?

4. Suppose a school board member asked you whether or not there were significantly more students who did not graduate than those who did graduate when the guidance services intervention plan was not provided. Run a chi-square test to answer this question.

a. Report the chi-square test of association

b. Should that school board member be really concerned about the graduation rates of

those who do not get the school guidance counseling intervention plan?

Spearman Rho = Use dataset: Student Engagement.sav

You want to conduct a study to determine the relationship between student engagement and student satisfaction. Two surveys were disseminated to a group of students: (a) The Student Engagement Survey, which uses a 5-point Likert scale for level of engagement, ranging from Very Disengaged (1) to Very Engaged (5); and (b) The Student Satisfaction Survey, which uses a 5-point Likert scale for level of satisfaction, ranging from Very Dissatisfied (1) to Very Satisfied (5). Conduct a Spearman Rho analysis to determine if there is a relationship between student engagement and student satisfaction. (7.5 points)

1. Why is a Spearman Rho analysis the most appropriate for this scenario?

2. Write null and alternate hypotheses.

3. Run the Spearman Rho correlation (HINT: Select Spearman Rho instead of Pearson in the SPSS dialogue box) and copy and paste the SPSS output into the assignment.

4. What is the r value? What is the p value? Is the result significant? Why or why not?

5. Now run the analysis using the Pearson correlation instead of the Spearman Rho. How do the findings compare to the Spearman?

5. Using the Morgan et al. (2012) text please write up a sample results section.

Total Points Earned: /15 Points Possible