Assigment .apa seven . all instructions attached.

TopicOutline.docx

2

End-of-Life Decision-Making and Goals-of-Care Communication

Yusmila Macias

Florida National University

Decision Making-DAX-DL01

Dr. Nora Hernandez-Pupo

May 22, 2026

End-of-Life Decision-Making and Goals-of-Care Communication

I. Introduction

1. Background Information: End-of-life decision making and goals of care communication are crucial areas of nursing care which significantly impact on the dignity of the patient, the satisfaction of their family and the quality of care provided in palliative and acute care settings (Alanazi et al., 2024).

2. Statement of the Problem: Nurses regularly face ethical challenges, communication difficulties, and knowledge gaps deficits in providing support for end-of-life decision-making, leading to care that is inconsistent with patients' values and preferences (Peerboom et al., 2023).

3. Thesis Statement: Bedside nurses, nurse managers, and advanced practice nurses should use structured communication and ethical tools that focus on the patient's autonomy and that promote goals-concordant care to enhance end-of-life decision making.

II. Literature Review/Background

A. Overview of Existing Research:

1. Communication and patient involvement in decision-making are complex yet essential components of end-of-life nursing care (Alanazi et al., 2024).

2. Advance care planning conversations need to be person-centered and require specific skills from the nursing team (Peerboom et al., 2023).

3. At all levels of nursing, the integration of palliative care skills improves goals of care conversations and patient outcomes (Campos et al., 2022).

B. Key Theories and Models:

1. The Four Principles of Biomedical Ethics (Beauchamp and Childress) establish a foundation for end-of-life decision making that focuses on autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice, giving nurses an ethical framework to support them in complex end-of-life decision making (Akdeniz et al., 2021).

2. Conceptual Model of Nurse-Led Goals-of-Care Communication: Outlines pathways of structured communication, in which nurses are primarily responsible for facilitating goals-of-care conversations in a range of care contexts (Wittenberg et al., 2024).

3. Person-Centered Care Model: Places the patient's values, preferences and goals as the cornerstone of all end-of-life care planning and requires nurses to communicate with patients in a therapeutic manner that is based on mutual trust and holistic care (Kwon & Kim, 2022).

III. Main Body/Discussion

A. Section One: Topic Analysis and Context

End-of-life care requires nurses to balance patient autonomy, beneficence, and family dynamics simultaneously (Alanazi et al., 2024).

Subpoints

· Nurses lack standardized training to initiate and lead the goals of care conversation (Peerboom et al., 2023).

· Poor communication directly leads to care that is not in line with the wishes of the patient (Campos et al., 2022).

B. Section Two: Comparative Analysis

The three models apply distinctly across nursing practice levels.

Subpoints

· Bedside nurses apply the Four Principles of Biomedical Ethics to address day to day ethical dilemmas such as withdrawing treatment, pain management and patient advocacy (Akdeniz et al., 2021).

· Nurse managers use the Nurse-Led Goals-of-Care Communication Model to help standardize communication around the unit and to coordinate family meetings (Wittenberg et al., 2024).

· APNs use the Person-Centred Care Model as a guide for implementing institutional policies, guiding generalist nurses and leading inter-professional palliative care teams (Jounaidi et al., 2024).

C. Application and Implications

Each model can be practically applied across nursing levels to improve end-of-life care delivery.

Subpoints:

· Benefits: increase patient dignity, decrease family distress, and care that is aligned with patient values (Kwon & Kim, 2022).

· Limitations: Cultural barriers, shortage of workforce, inconsistent institutional support for palliative training.

· Recommendations: Advance care planning protocols, ethics consultation teams, mandatory goals of care communication training.

· Funding: HRSA Palliative Care and Hospice Education grants and the American Cancer Society nursing research funding.

IV. Conclusion

1. Summary of Key Points: End-of-life decision making is a multi-level nursing challenge that needs coordinated action, based on bioethical, communication and person-centered care approaches at all levels of practice.

2. Implications and Next Steps: When applied to all nursing roles, the three models result in ethically sound, goals-concordant care supported by organizational policy and nursing education.

References

Akdeniz, M., Yardımcı, B., & Kavukcu, E. (2021). Ethical Considerations at the end-of-life Care. SAGE Open Medicine, 9(9), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121211000918

Alanazi, M. A., Shaban, M. M., Elsayed, M., Zaky, M. E., Mohammed, H. H., Amer, M., & Shaban, M. (2024). Navigating end-of-life decision-making in nursing: a Systematic Review of Ethical Challenges and Palliative Care Practices. Biomed Central Nursing, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-02087-5

Campos, A. P. de, Levoy, K., Pandey, S., Wisniewski, R., DiMauro, P., Ferrell, B. R., & Rosa, W. E. (2022). Integrating Palliative Care into Nursing Care. American Journal of Nursing, 122(11), 40–45. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000897124.77291.7d

Jounaidi, K., Hamdoune, M., Daoudi, K., Barka, N., & Gantare, A. (2024). Advancing Palliative Care through Advanced Nursing Practice: A Rapid Review. Indian Journal of Palliative Care, 30(2), 155–162. https://doi.org/10.25259/IJPC_308_2023

Kwon, S., & Kim, K. H. (2022). Factors Associated with Person-Centered Care among Hospice Nurses. The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care, 25(2), 66–75. https://doi.org/10.14475/jhpc.2022.25.2.66

Peerboom, F., Friesen-Storms, J., Coenegracht, B., Pieters, S., Van Der Steen, J., Janssen, D., & Meijers, J. (2023). Fundamentals of end-of-life communication as part of advance care planning from the perspective of nursing staff, older people, and family caregivers: A scoping review. BMC Nursing, 22(363). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01523-2

Wittenberg, E., Goldsmith, J. V., Chen, C. (Kate), & Prince-Paul, M. (2024). A conceptual model of the nurse’s role as primary palliative care provider in goals of care communication. PEC Innovation, 4, 100254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecinn.2024.100254

DecisionMaking.docx

Decision Making-DAX-DL01 Nora Hernandez-Pupo

Decision Making Process Paper Due

6 pages

Use at least 10 current scholarly references [not older than 5 years] other than your main text. Uses APA 7th edition formatting with DOI

Decision-Making Process Paper

Instructions

In this assignment, you will be writing a 6–8-page paper identifying [ maximum page limit is 8 pages- do not exceed as it will incur a penalty], comparing and contrasting at least 3 different decision-making approaches of care from a multidisciplinary perspective using a pertinent and significant topic in nursing [The following topics are NOT allowed and will not be approved: shortage and nurse turnover, nurse staffing ratios, unit closures, and restructuring, use of contract employees (i.e., registry and travel nurse)]. The topic MUST BE APPROVED by your nursing instructor before writing the paper. Your topic was approved in week 3- please refer to week 3's approved topic. You are required to use APA 7th edition format, and the page count, appropriate headings, the title page, and the reference page. Reflect on your decision-making practices and the implications this will have regarding differing approaches taken by nursing leaders and staff nurses/clinical practitioners in decision-making regarding issues in practice. To complete this assignment, do the following:

1. Select and describe an issue in nursing that impacts nurses at all levels from bedside to advanced practice. Make sure to provide an adequate background and its significance to all levels of nursing using a strong review of the literature. Additionally, this should include a thorough literature review that provides a good understanding of what the cause of this problem is; what is suggested to address this problem. Essentially, this review must support your choices of the decision-making models and this needs to include how all levels of nursing practice (the bedside nurse to the APN are impacted by the problem).

2. Identify how you would expect a nurse leader/manager, a bedside/staff nurse and an Advanced practice nurse (CNO or NP) to address your selected issue using at least 2 [3 ideal] different decision-making approaches which are clearly supported by the literature review. This must first include aa detailed analysis/overview of the selected decision making models and how they are used in practice. Then a detailed analysis of how these decision-making approaches/models would address the problem/along with a detailed analysis of how each of the three selected models would be applied to address the selected issue/problem making sure to incorporate this at all levels of practice. One of the decision-making models may be more applicable to the bedside nurse; whereas the other more applicable to the APN; however, all levels of nursing practice need to be addressed with at least one of the chosen 3 decision-making models. However, this does not mean that each decision-making model will apply to all levels of practice only that in this discussion needs to include how each level of nursing practice would utilize the decision-making model to address the problem. For instance, one decision making model may apply to the bedside nurse; the second decision making model may be more applicable at the level of APN (CNO, NP, etc) and the other decision-making model may be best applied to the nurse manager. This section should be detailed; meaning specific, well thought out, realistic solutions of how the nurse (at the level identified; this may include more than one level for the same decision-making model or not) would address the problem using the decision-making model is provided and well supported by the literature. of the benefits and limitations of various decision-making approaches that are applied appropriately to the level of nursing practice to address the selected issue/problem. This is informed from course readings, literature, clinical scenarios and other evidence-based and scholarly sources.

3. Prioritize the best decision-making approach/model to address the selected problem that is grounded in best practice. This should provide a well-supported rationale for this choice that includes a good comparison and contrasting of the 3 chosen decision-making models that clearly illustrates why the choice was made, that is consistent with the decision making model and how it would address the chosen topic or problem.

4. Identify a possible funding source that would addresses your approach to solving the problem. For instance, if the best approach to solving the nurse-to-patient ratio problem is through the use of SDM and shared governance, perhaps you may seek a local funding source to provide you with funding to implement a small EBP or research project that would be funded by a local nursing organization such as Sigma Theta Tau or perhaps if it was geared more towards assessing the value of this model towards NP in practice than seeking a local organization that supports funding for projects being implemented by practicing NP? If seeking money for research this would need to be overseen by a nurse with a DNP or a PhD or someone with the credentials to do so that are part of their scope of practice. Consider looking at federal, state, or local organizations. For example: There are many grants available through the CDC,HRSA, etc. Again, this need to be specifically applied with sufficient details

5. Use at least 10 current scholarly references [not older than 5 years] other than your main text. Uses APA 7th edition formatting.

Please see sample APA 7 paper- DO NOT use an Abstract.

APA_7_Professional_Paper_Template_June_2020.docx

APA 7 professional-annotated-compressed.pdf

Please submit the Decision Making Process Paper in Word [PDF] Format APA 7 formatted (see instructions in the Assignments Tab of Blackboard along with the grading rubric).

Submission

Text Editor

Word count: 0

Drag files here

Maximum size: 512 MB

or

Details & Information

TopicOutline.docx

2

End-of-Life Decision-Making and Goals-of-Care Communication

Yusmila Macias

Florida National University

Decision Making-DAX-DL01

Dr. Nora Hernandez-Pupo

May 22, 2026

End-of-Life Decision-Making and Goals-of-Care Communication

I. Introduction

1. Background Information: End-of-life decision making and goals of care communication are crucial areas of nursing care which significantly impact on the dignity of the patient, the satisfaction of their family and the quality of care provided in palliative and acute care settings (Alanazi et al., 2024).

2. Statement of the Problem: Nurses regularly face ethical challenges, communication difficulties, and knowledge gaps deficits in providing support for end-of-life decision-making, leading to care that is inconsistent with patients' values and preferences (Peerboom et al., 2023).

3. Thesis Statement: Bedside nurses, nurse managers, and advanced practice nurses should use structured communication and ethical tools that focus on the patient's autonomy and that promote goals-concordant care to enhance end-of-life decision making.

II. Literature Review/Background

A. Overview of Existing Research:

1. Communication and patient involvement in decision-making are complex yet essential components of end-of-life nursing care (Alanazi et al., 2024).

2. Advance care planning conversations need to be person-centered and require specific skills from the nursing team (Peerboom et al., 2023).

3. At all levels of nursing, the integration of palliative care skills improves goals of care conversations and patient outcomes (Campos et al., 2022).

B. Key Theories and Models:

1. The Four Principles of Biomedical Ethics (Beauchamp and Childress) establish a foundation for end-of-life decision making that focuses on autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice, giving nurses an ethical framework to support them in complex end-of-life decision making (Akdeniz et al., 2021).

2. Conceptual Model of Nurse-Led Goals-of-Care Communication: Outlines pathways of structured communication, in which nurses are primarily responsible for facilitating goals-of-care conversations in a range of care contexts (Wittenberg et al., 2024).

3. Person-Centered Care Model: Places the patient's values, preferences and goals as the cornerstone of all end-of-life care planning and requires nurses to communicate with patients in a therapeutic manner that is based on mutual trust and holistic care (Kwon & Kim, 2022).

III. Main Body/Discussion

A. Section One: Topic Analysis and Context

End-of-life care requires nurses to balance patient autonomy, beneficence, and family dynamics simultaneously (Alanazi et al., 2024).

Subpoints

· Nurses lack standardized training to initiate and lead the goals of care conversation (Peerboom et al., 2023).

· Poor communication directly leads to care that is not in line with the wishes of the patient (Campos et al., 2022).

B. Section Two: Comparative Analysis

The three models apply distinctly across nursing practice levels.

Subpoints

· Bedside nurses apply the Four Principles of Biomedical Ethics to address day to day ethical dilemmas such as withdrawing treatment, pain management and patient advocacy (Akdeniz et al., 2021).

· Nurse managers use the Nurse-Led Goals-of-Care Communication Model to help standardize communication around the unit and to coordinate family meetings (Wittenberg et al., 2024).

· APNs use the Person-Centred Care Model as a guide for implementing institutional policies, guiding generalist nurses and leading inter-professional palliative care teams (Jounaidi et al., 2024).

C. Application and Implications

Each model can be practically applied across nursing levels to improve end-of-life care delivery.

Subpoints:

· Benefits: increase patient dignity, decrease family distress, and care that is aligned with patient values (Kwon & Kim, 2022).

· Limitations: Cultural barriers, shortage of workforce, inconsistent institutional support for palliative training.

· Recommendations: Advance care planning protocols, ethics consultation teams, mandatory goals of care communication training.

· Funding: HRSA Palliative Care and Hospice Education grants and the American Cancer Society nursing research funding.

IV. Conclusion

1. Summary of Key Points: End-of-life decision making is a multi-level nursing challenge that needs coordinated action, based on bioethical, communication and person-centered care approaches at all levels of practice.

2. Implications and Next Steps: When applied to all nursing roles, the three models result in ethically sound, goals-concordant care supported by organizational policy and nursing education.

References

Akdeniz, M., Yardımcı, B., & Kavukcu, E. (2021). Ethical Considerations at the end-of-life Care. SAGE Open Medicine, 9(9), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121211000918

Alanazi, M. A., Shaban, M. M., Elsayed, M., Zaky, M. E., Mohammed, H. H., Amer, M., & Shaban, M. (2024). Navigating end-of-life decision-making in nursing: a Systematic Review of Ethical Challenges and Palliative Care Practices. Biomed Central Nursing, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-02087-5

Campos, A. P. de, Levoy, K., Pandey, S., Wisniewski, R., DiMauro, P., Ferrell, B. R., & Rosa, W. E. (2022). Integrating Palliative Care into Nursing Care. American Journal of Nursing, 122(11), 40–45. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000897124.77291.7d

Jounaidi, K., Hamdoune, M., Daoudi, K., Barka, N., & Gantare, A. (2024). Advancing Palliative Care through Advanced Nursing Practice: A Rapid Review. Indian Journal of Palliative Care, 30(2), 155–162. https://doi.org/10.25259/IJPC_308_2023

Kwon, S., & Kim, K. H. (2022). Factors Associated with Person-Centered Care among Hospice Nurses. The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care, 25(2), 66–75. https://doi.org/10.14475/jhpc.2022.25.2.66

Peerboom, F., Friesen-Storms, J., Coenegracht, B., Pieters, S., Van Der Steen, J., Janssen, D., & Meijers, J. (2023). Fundamentals of end-of-life communication as part of advance care planning from the perspective of nursing staff, older people, and family caregivers: A scoping review. BMC Nursing, 22(363). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01523-2

Wittenberg, E., Goldsmith, J. V., Chen, C. (Kate), & Prince-Paul, M. (2024). A conceptual model of the nurse’s role as primary palliative care provider in goals of care communication. PEC Innovation, 4, 100254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecinn.2024.100254

DecisionMaking.docx

Decision Making-DAX-DL01 Nora Hernandez-Pupo

Decision Making Process Paper Due

6 pages

Use at least 10 current scholarly references [not older than 5 years] other than your main text. Uses APA 7th edition formatting with DOI

Decision-Making Process Paper

Instructions

In this assignment, you will be writing a 6–8-page paper identifying [ maximum page limit is 8 pages- do not exceed as it will incur a penalty], comparing and contrasting at least 3 different decision-making approaches of care from a multidisciplinary perspective using a pertinent and significant topic in nursing [The following topics are NOT allowed and will not be approved: shortage and nurse turnover, nurse staffing ratios, unit closures, and restructuring, use of contract employees (i.e., registry and travel nurse)]. The topic MUST BE APPROVED by your nursing instructor before writing the paper. Your topic was approved in week 3- please refer to week 3's approved topic. You are required to use APA 7th edition format, and the page count, appropriate headings, the title page, and the reference page. Reflect on your decision-making practices and the implications this will have regarding differing approaches taken by nursing leaders and staff nurses/clinical practitioners in decision-making regarding issues in practice. To complete this assignment, do the following:

1. Select and describe an issue in nursing that impacts nurses at all levels from bedside to advanced practice. Make sure to provide an adequate background and its significance to all levels of nursing using a strong review of the literature. Additionally, this should include a thorough literature review that provides a good understanding of what the cause of this problem is; what is suggested to address this problem. Essentially, this review must support your choices of the decision-making models and this needs to include how all levels of nursing practice (the bedside nurse to the APN are impacted by the problem).

2. Identify how you would expect a nurse leader/manager, a bedside/staff nurse and an Advanced practice nurse (CNO or NP) to address your selected issue using at least 2 [3 ideal] different decision-making approaches which are clearly supported by the literature review. This must first include aa detailed analysis/overview of the selected decision making models and how they are used in practice. Then a detailed analysis of how these decision-making approaches/models would address the problem/along with a detailed analysis of how each of the three selected models would be applied to address the selected issue/problem making sure to incorporate this at all levels of practice. One of the decision-making models may be more applicable to the bedside nurse; whereas the other more applicable to the APN; however, all levels of nursing practice need to be addressed with at least one of the chosen 3 decision-making models. However, this does not mean that each decision-making model will apply to all levels of practice only that in this discussion needs to include how each level of nursing practice would utilize the decision-making model to address the problem. For instance, one decision making model may apply to the bedside nurse; the second decision making model may be more applicable at the level of APN (CNO, NP, etc) and the other decision-making model may be best applied to the nurse manager. This section should be detailed; meaning specific, well thought out, realistic solutions of how the nurse (at the level identified; this may include more than one level for the same decision-making model or not) would address the problem using the decision-making model is provided and well supported by the literature. of the benefits and limitations of various decision-making approaches that are applied appropriately to the level of nursing practice to address the selected issue/problem. This is informed from course readings, literature, clinical scenarios and other evidence-based and scholarly sources.

3. Prioritize the best decision-making approach/model to address the selected problem that is grounded in best practice. This should provide a well-supported rationale for this choice that includes a good comparison and contrasting of the 3 chosen decision-making models that clearly illustrates why the choice was made, that is consistent with the decision making model and how it would address the chosen topic or problem.

4. Identify a possible funding source that would addresses your approach to solving the problem. For instance, if the best approach to solving the nurse-to-patient ratio problem is through the use of SDM and shared governance, perhaps you may seek a local funding source to provide you with funding to implement a small EBP or research project that would be funded by a local nursing organization such as Sigma Theta Tau or perhaps if it was geared more towards assessing the value of this model towards NP in practice than seeking a local organization that supports funding for projects being implemented by practicing NP? If seeking money for research this would need to be overseen by a nurse with a DNP or a PhD or someone with the credentials to do so that are part of their scope of practice. Consider looking at federal, state, or local organizations. For example: There are many grants available through the CDC,HRSA, etc. Again, this need to be specifically applied with sufficient details

5. Use at least 10 current scholarly references [not older than 5 years] other than your main text. Uses APA 7th edition formatting.

Please see sample APA 7 paper- DO NOT use an Abstract.

APA_7_Professional_Paper_Template_June_2020.docx

APA 7 professional-annotated-compressed.pdf

Please submit the Decision Making Process Paper in Word [PDF] Format APA 7 formatted (see instructions in the Assignments Tab of Blackboard along with the grading rubric).

Submission

Text Editor

Word count: 0

Drag files here

Maximum size: 512 MB

or

Details & Information

TopicOutline.docx

2

End-of-Life Decision-Making and Goals-of-Care Communication

Yusmila Macias

Florida National University

Decision Making-DAX-DL01

Dr. Nora Hernandez-Pupo

May 22, 2026

End-of-Life Decision-Making and Goals-of-Care Communication

I. Introduction

1. Background Information: End-of-life decision making and goals of care communication are crucial areas of nursing care which significantly impact on the dignity of the patient, the satisfaction of their family and the quality of care provided in palliative and acute care settings (Alanazi et al., 2024).

2. Statement of the Problem: Nurses regularly face ethical challenges, communication difficulties, and knowledge gaps deficits in providing support for end-of-life decision-making, leading to care that is inconsistent with patients' values and preferences (Peerboom et al., 2023).

3. Thesis Statement: Bedside nurses, nurse managers, and advanced practice nurses should use structured communication and ethical tools that focus on the patient's autonomy and that promote goals-concordant care to enhance end-of-life decision making.

II. Literature Review/Background

A. Overview of Existing Research:

1. Communication and patient involvement in decision-making are complex yet essential components of end-of-life nursing care (Alanazi et al., 2024).

2. Advance care planning conversations need to be person-centered and require specific skills from the nursing team (Peerboom et al., 2023).

3. At all levels of nursing, the integration of palliative care skills improves goals of care conversations and patient outcomes (Campos et al., 2022).

B. Key Theories and Models:

1. The Four Principles of Biomedical Ethics (Beauchamp and Childress) establish a foundation for end-of-life decision making that focuses on autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice, giving nurses an ethical framework to support them in complex end-of-life decision making (Akdeniz et al., 2021).

2. Conceptual Model of Nurse-Led Goals-of-Care Communication: Outlines pathways of structured communication, in which nurses are primarily responsible for facilitating goals-of-care conversations in a range of care contexts (Wittenberg et al., 2024).

3. Person-Centered Care Model: Places the patient's values, preferences and goals as the cornerstone of all end-of-life care planning and requires nurses to communicate with patients in a therapeutic manner that is based on mutual trust and holistic care (Kwon & Kim, 2022).

III. Main Body/Discussion

A. Section One: Topic Analysis and Context

End-of-life care requires nurses to balance patient autonomy, beneficence, and family dynamics simultaneously (Alanazi et al., 2024).

Subpoints

· Nurses lack standardized training to initiate and lead the goals of care conversation (Peerboom et al., 2023).

· Poor communication directly leads to care that is not in line with the wishes of the patient (Campos et al., 2022).

B. Section Two: Comparative Analysis

The three models apply distinctly across nursing practice levels.

Subpoints

· Bedside nurses apply the Four Principles of Biomedical Ethics to address day to day ethical dilemmas such as withdrawing treatment, pain management and patient advocacy (Akdeniz et al., 2021).

· Nurse managers use the Nurse-Led Goals-of-Care Communication Model to help standardize communication around the unit and to coordinate family meetings (Wittenberg et al., 2024).

· APNs use the Person-Centred Care Model as a guide for implementing institutional policies, guiding generalist nurses and leading inter-professional palliative care teams (Jounaidi et al., 2024).

C. Application and Implications

Each model can be practically applied across nursing levels to improve end-of-life care delivery.

Subpoints:

· Benefits: increase patient dignity, decrease family distress, and care that is aligned with patient values (Kwon & Kim, 2022).

· Limitations: Cultural barriers, shortage of workforce, inconsistent institutional support for palliative training.

· Recommendations: Advance care planning protocols, ethics consultation teams, mandatory goals of care communication training.

· Funding: HRSA Palliative Care and Hospice Education grants and the American Cancer Society nursing research funding.

IV. Conclusion

1. Summary of Key Points: End-of-life decision making is a multi-level nursing challenge that needs coordinated action, based on bioethical, communication and person-centered care approaches at all levels of practice.

2. Implications and Next Steps: When applied to all nursing roles, the three models result in ethically sound, goals-concordant care supported by organizational policy and nursing education.

References

Akdeniz, M., Yardımcı, B., & Kavukcu, E. (2021). Ethical Considerations at the end-of-life Care. SAGE Open Medicine, 9(9), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121211000918

Alanazi, M. A., Shaban, M. M., Elsayed, M., Zaky, M. E., Mohammed, H. H., Amer, M., & Shaban, M. (2024). Navigating end-of-life decision-making in nursing: a Systematic Review of Ethical Challenges and Palliative Care Practices. Biomed Central Nursing, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-02087-5

Campos, A. P. de, Levoy, K., Pandey, S., Wisniewski, R., DiMauro, P., Ferrell, B. R., & Rosa, W. E. (2022). Integrating Palliative Care into Nursing Care. American Journal of Nursing, 122(11), 40–45. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000897124.77291.7d

Jounaidi, K., Hamdoune, M., Daoudi, K., Barka, N., & Gantare, A. (2024). Advancing Palliative Care through Advanced Nursing Practice: A Rapid Review. Indian Journal of Palliative Care, 30(2), 155–162. https://doi.org/10.25259/IJPC_308_2023

Kwon, S., & Kim, K. H. (2022). Factors Associated with Person-Centered Care among Hospice Nurses. The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care, 25(2), 66–75. https://doi.org/10.14475/jhpc.2022.25.2.66

Peerboom, F., Friesen-Storms, J., Coenegracht, B., Pieters, S., Van Der Steen, J., Janssen, D., & Meijers, J. (2023). Fundamentals of end-of-life communication as part of advance care planning from the perspective of nursing staff, older people, and family caregivers: A scoping review. BMC Nursing, 22(363). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01523-2

Wittenberg, E., Goldsmith, J. V., Chen, C. (Kate), & Prince-Paul, M. (2024). A conceptual model of the nurse’s role as primary palliative care provider in goals of care communication. PEC Innovation, 4, 100254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecinn.2024.100254

Assigment .Apa seven . All instructions attached.

DecisionMaking.docx

TopicOutline.docx

DecisionMaking.docx

TopicOutline.docx

TopicOutline.docx

DecisionMaking.docx

TopicOutline.docx

DecisionMaking.docx

TopicOutline.docx

Assigment .Apa seven . All instructions attached.