Assigment .Apa seven . All instructions attached.

2

Enhancing Mental Health and Decreasing Substance Use in Miami's Adult Population

Marta Garcia

Florida National University

Health Promotion & Role Development in Adv. Nursing Practice

Professor: Dr. Nora Hernandez

September 19, 2023

Miami faces serious public health concerns when it comes to mental health and substance addiction. According to SAMHSA (2019), about 16.5% of adults in Miami, FL had a mental illness, 7.4% suffered from a substance use disorder, and 3.8% experienced both conditions. Consequences include negative health effects, higher mortality rates, stigmatization, and social exclusion. This proposal targets to overcome the barriers faced above by creating a health promotion project geared towards improving adults’ mental health and reducing substance abuse in Miami. The major objective is to increase the use of mental health and substance abuse treatment by 10% within 12 months.

Vulnerable Population and Risk Factors

This proposal targets adults experiencing mental illness and substance-use disorder in Miami, FL. This group is subjected to numerous risks, including poverty, homelessness, joblessness, stigma, trauma, and violence (SAMHSA, 2019). Co-existing physical health conditions are common among them. Such barriers prevent persons from getting the necessary mental health and substance use services. Stigma, expense, transportation, language, and culture create barriers (SAMHSA, 2019) . For them to be serviced appropriately based on their specific needs and preferences inclusively, we have to be more personified in our approach..

Review of Literature

Motivational interviewing is an evidence-based approach for behavioral change in mental health and substance-use problems. MI follows a directive-client-centered approach. Its main aim is to promote people’s inherent propensity towards change by addressing their ambivalence (Beckwith & Beckwith, 2020). In their research, Beckwith and Beckwith (2020) indicate that MI has shown to be effective in enhancing a variety of mental health and substance use-related outcomes. This evidence demonstrates a range of positive outcomes for this intervention such as improvements in cessation rates, better compliance to the program, greater empowerment and coping skills and ultimately, less cigarettes consumed.

Peer support is another evidence-based treatment for mental health and addiction. Peer support is a model where those who have experienced mental illness or substance use disorder provide emotional, informational, instrumental, and advocacy support to peers dealing with same-condition experiences (Shalaby & Agyapong, 2019). As per the study of Shalaby and Agyapong (2019), peer support was also discovered as an effective methodology to enhance different dimensions of psychological well-being and substance utilize results. Exposure to such interventions may enhance social support and belonging, diminish stigma and loneliness, elevate recovery and wellbeing, and decrease admission into hospitals and relapsing.

Strengths and Weaknesses of Sources

Two benefits from this work is an organized summary on the theoretical background to its essential components, to supporting research evidence, to its practical implementations in addressing mental health and drug use problems as presented to clients who have undergone MI, as well as to professionals in the behavioral health field They also highlight the benefits of combining these two interventions within a unified framework. Both sources fail to discuss the specific obstacles and difficulties that may arise during the implementation of motivational interviewing (MI) and peer support in real-life situations. These challenges include the availability and competence of trained personnel, the adherence and customization of the interventions, the cost-effectiveness and long-term viability of the programs, as well as the ethical and legal considerations involved.

Selecting a Theoretical Framework

The proposed health promotion program will be grounded on the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), a cognitive-behavioral theory that explains how personal, environmental, and behavioral factors interact to shape behavior. SCT claims that individuals acquire new behaviors through several processes, such as observational learning, self-regulation, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and goal setting according to Schunk & DiBenedetto (2020).

In SCT, observational learning will be enacted through role models and personal stories of individuals who have achieved recovery from mental health and substance use disorders as Schunk and Di Benedetto (2020) indicate. This can be achieved by showcasing real-life cases of resilience and transformation, where program participants can witness and learn from these role models and derive motivation for positive change. Self-regulation, another core component of SCT, is the ability for individuals to self-monitor, assess their progress, and reward themselves for attaining objectives as mentioned by Schunk and DiB Benedetto (2020). This self-regulation process is consistent with the program's goals to foster autonomy and independence in participants. Furthermore, self-efficacy, one of the main factors of SCT, shall increase through motivational interviewing and positive feedback. The program, by increasing people’s perception of their capabilities to deal with adversity, is expected to enhance self-efficacy. Outcome expectancies will be established through psychoeducation and counseling, making sure clients understand the benefits and disadvantages of changing their behavior. This component aligns with the program’s goal to provide the full story so you can make good choices. Goal setting as prescribed by SCT involves helping participants set SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound) goals for improving mental health and decreasing substance use.

References

Beckwith, V. Z., & Beckwith, J. (2020). Motivational Interviewing: A Communication Tool to Promote Positive Behavior Change and Optimal Health Outcomes. NASN School Nurse, 35(6), 1942602X2091571. https://doi.org/10.1177/1942602x20915715

SAMHSA. (2019). National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological Summary and Definitions. Www.samhsa.gov. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt29395/2019NSDUHMethodsSummDefs/2019NSDUHMethodsSummDefs082120.htm

Schunk, D. H., & DiBenedetto, M. K. (2020). Motivation and social cognitive theory. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 60(1), 101832. ScienceDirect. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101832

Shalaby, R. A., & Agyapong, V. I. O. (2019). Peer Support in Mental Health- A General Review of the Literature. JMIR Mental Health, 7(6). https://doi.org/10.2196/15572

2

Enhancing Mental Health and Decreasing Substance Use in Miami's Adult Population

Marta Garcia

Florida National University

Health Promotion & Role Development in Adv. Nursing Practice

Professor: Dr. Nora Hernandez

September 19, 2023

Miami faces serious public health concerns when it comes to mental health and substance addiction. According to SAMHSA (2019), about 16.5% of adults in Miami, FL had a mental illness, 7.4% suffered from a substance use disorder, and 3.8% experienced both conditions. Consequences include negative health effects, higher mortality rates, stigmatization, and social exclusion. This proposal targets to overcome the barriers faced above by creating a health promotion project geared towards improving adults’ mental health and reducing substance abuse in Miami. The major objective is to increase the use of mental health and substance abuse treatment by 10% within 12 months.

Vulnerable Population and Risk Factors

This proposal targets adults experiencing mental illness and substance-use disorder in Miami, FL. This group is subjected to numerous risks, including poverty, homelessness, joblessness, stigma, trauma, and violence (SAMHSA, 2019). Co-existing physical health conditions are common among them. Such barriers prevent persons from getting the necessary mental health and substance use services. Stigma, expense, transportation, language, and culture create barriers (SAMHSA, 2019) . For them to be serviced appropriately based on their specific needs and preferences inclusively, we have to be more personified in our approach..

Review of Literature

Motivational interviewing is an evidence-based approach for behavioral change in mental health and substance-use problems. MI follows a directive-client-centered approach. Its main aim is to promote people’s inherent propensity towards change by addressing their ambivalence (Beckwith & Beckwith, 2020). In their research, Beckwith and Beckwith (2020) indicate that MI has shown to be effective in enhancing a variety of mental health and substance use-related outcomes. This evidence demonstrates a range of positive outcomes for this intervention such as improvements in cessation rates, better compliance to the program, greater empowerment and coping skills and ultimately, less cigarettes consumed.

Peer support is another evidence-based treatment for mental health and addiction. Peer support is a model where those who have experienced mental illness or substance use disorder provide emotional, informational, instrumental, and advocacy support to peers dealing with same-condition experiences (Shalaby & Agyapong, 2019). As per the study of Shalaby and Agyapong (2019), peer support was also discovered as an effective methodology to enhance different dimensions of psychological well-being and substance utilize results. Exposure to such interventions may enhance social support and belonging, diminish stigma and loneliness, elevate recovery and wellbeing, and decrease admission into hospitals and relapsing.

Strengths and Weaknesses of Sources

Two benefits from this work is an organized summary on the theoretical background to its essential components, to supporting research evidence, to its practical implementations in addressing mental health and drug use problems as presented to clients who have undergone MI, as well as to professionals in the behavioral health field They also highlight the benefits of combining these two interventions within a unified framework. Both sources fail to discuss the specific obstacles and difficulties that may arise during the implementation of motivational interviewing (MI) and peer support in real-life situations. These challenges include the availability and competence of trained personnel, the adherence and customization of the interventions, the cost-effectiveness and long-term viability of the programs, as well as the ethical and legal considerations involved.

Selecting a Theoretical Framework

The proposed health promotion program will be grounded on the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), a cognitive-behavioral theory that explains how personal, environmental, and behavioral factors interact to shape behavior. SCT claims that individuals acquire new behaviors through several processes, such as observational learning, self-regulation, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and goal setting according to Schunk & DiBenedetto (2020).

In SCT, observational learning will be enacted through role models and personal stories of individuals who have achieved recovery from mental health and substance use disorders as Schunk and Di Benedetto (2020) indicate. This can be achieved by showcasing real-life cases of resilience and transformation, where program participants can witness and learn from these role models and derive motivation for positive change. Self-regulation, another core component of SCT, is the ability for individuals to self-monitor, assess their progress, and reward themselves for attaining objectives as mentioned by Schunk and DiB Benedetto (2020). This self-regulation process is consistent with the program's goals to foster autonomy and independence in participants. Furthermore, self-efficacy, one of the main factors of SCT, shall increase through motivational interviewing and positive feedback. The program, by increasing people’s perception of their capabilities to deal with adversity, is expected to enhance self-efficacy. Outcome expectancies will be established through psychoeducation and counseling, making sure clients understand the benefits and disadvantages of changing their behavior. This component aligns with the program’s goal to provide the full story so you can make good choices. Goal setting as prescribed by SCT involves helping participants set SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound) goals for improving mental health and decreasing substance use.

References

Beckwith, V. Z., & Beckwith, J. (2020). Motivational Interviewing: A Communication Tool to Promote Positive Behavior Change and Optimal Health Outcomes. NASN School Nurse, 35(6), 1942602X2091571. https://doi.org/10.1177/1942602x20915715

SAMHSA. (2019). National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological Summary and Definitions. Www.samhsa.gov. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt29395/2019NSDUHMethodsSummDefs/2019NSDUHMethodsSummDefs082120.htm

Schunk, D. H., & DiBenedetto, M. K. (2020). Motivation and social cognitive theory. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 60(1), 101832. ScienceDirect. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101832

Shalaby, R. A., & Agyapong, V. I. O. (2019). Peer Support in Mental Health- A General Review of the Literature. JMIR Mental Health, 7(6). https://doi.org/10.2196/15572