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Health Promotion Proposal: Nutrition in Florida

Dalia Salgado

Florida National University

Health Promotion & Role Development in Adv. Nursing Practice

Professor: Dr. Nora Hernandez

September 21, 2023

Health Promotion Proposal: Nutrition in Florida

Nutrition is a fundamental aspect of human health. It is the intake of essential nutrients like vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, which fuel bodies, support growth, and maintain vital functions. Balanced diet provides necessary energy and building blocks for cells, tissues, and organs. Adequate nutrition maintains physical health and influences mental well-being. Poor nutrition is associated with health issues like obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and malnutrition. A well-rounded diet promotes longevity, immunity, cognitive function, and overall vitality. According to Feeding Florida (2022), Florida is one of the states facing significant portion of the population facing nutritional challenges In United States. Over 2.2 million Floridians face financial hardship in order to eat healthfully. 79% of people who used food banks to supplement their budgets also bought cheap, unhealthful food. 51% of households that use food from food banks consume food after its expiration date. Florida is ranked 10th in food security and nutrition issues in United States. The issues affect people of all ages and expose them to poor nutrition effects like obesity, increasing risks of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancers. Recognizing and understanding nutrition's significance underscores the imperative of making informed dietary choices for a healthier. This proposal seeks to address the issue of inadequate nutrition in Florida by designing a comprehensive health promotion program. The proposal will focus on improving nutrition and dietary habits among vulnerable populations in Florida. The proposed outcome is to decrease the prevalence of nutrition-related health issues.

Vulnerable Population for Nutrition in Florida

The vulnerable population that this proposal aims to serve is low-income families, elderly, and children in Florida. The group faces numerous risk factors contributing to their vulnerability in terms of nutrition. They have limited access to healthy food options, food insecurity, inadequate knowledge of nutrition, and socioeconomic disparities. Low-income families often struggle to afford nutritious food, increasing reliance on inexpensive, calorie-dense, and often nutritionally deficient options. Feeding Florida (2022) estimates that Florida residents who experience hunger need an additional $1,533,552,000 in food each year. Food deserts, where there is limited access to fresh fruits and vegetables, are also prevalent in many low-income neighborhoods. The elderly face unique challenges like fixed incomes, limited mobility, and specific dietary needs, hindering their access to a well-balanced diet. Many elderly people also report losing their appetite and having trouble consuming enough nutrients. The physiological and unintentional reduction in food intake is known as Anorexia (Norman et al., 2021). Children are vulnerable because their nutritional needs are crucial for growth and development, and their families may lack the resources or knowledge to provide them with proper nutrition. Children's growth and development depend largely on proper nutrition, and malnutrition during childhood can have long-lasting effects on physical and cognitive development. Children are estimated to be one of the primary groups affected by nutrition. Hunger and nutrition issues affect 1 in 7 kids. The vulnerability can result in health disparities, impacting immediate and long-term well-being. Addressing the nutritional needs of this vulnerable population is essential to improving overall health outcomes in Florida.

Literature Review

Reyes et al. (2021) offer comprehensive review of global nutrition initiatives and their recommendations to address inadequate nutrition. It highlights the actions recommended by the initiatives and examines their similarities and differences. 13 action themes were identified across 12 global nutrition initiatives. The primary focus was on either food environments and their food system drivers or food choices. Strategies for addressing inadequate nutrition reshape food environments, enhance food choices, and promote sustainable healthy diets.

Evidence-based interventions to address the problem of inadequate nutrition entail promoting the agricultural production of diverse nutrient-rich foods, protecting nutrient-rich wild foods and ecosystems, supporting smallholders and small enterprises across food value chains, redesigning safety net and social protection programs for improved nutritional outcomes, reducing food loss and waste, improving food quality and safety, strengthening regulations for advertising and marketing of healthy foods, enhancing transparency in food labeling, encouraging healthier eating through subsidies and promotions of healthy foods, creating consumer demand for healthy foods through nutrition education and civic engagement, improving the acceptability of healthy foods, promoting traditional foods and methods with nutritional benefits, and investing in metrics, research, and accessible evidence for policy development.

Ong et al. (2020) address interventions to address issue of inadequate nutrition exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. One notable intervention highlighted is implementation of community-based nutrition education programs. The program's focus raises awareness about balanced diets, nutrition, and healthy cooking practices within vulnerable communities heavily reliant on food aid. Researchers have found that such interventions can improve dietary choices, increase consumption of nutritious foods, and enhance food security among beneficiaries. Community-based nutrition education also empowers people to make informed decisions about their diet.

Another intervention is diversification of food aid packages. Researchers have found that incorporating nutritious foods into relief packages provides recipients with balanced and health-promoting diet. For instance, adding items like fresh fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains alongside staples like rice and canned goods can significantly enhance the nutritional value of food aid. Such diversified packages address immediate hunger and promote long-term health and well-being of food aid-dependent households.

Strengths and weaknesses of

Reyes et al. (2021) offer a comprehensive overview of global nutrition initiatives and their recommendations. Its strengths entail thorough examination of action themes and strategies, which can inform the development of a targeted nutrition program. However, it may lack specificity regarding the unique challenges faced by low-income families, elderly, and children. Ong et al. (2020) strengths was the practical recommendations adapted to the specific needs of Florida's vulnerable populations. However, the focus on pandemic-related challenges might not fully address the long-standing issues of food insecurity and limited access to nutritious food in the state.

Health Promotion/Disease Prevention Model

The most suitable health promotion and disease prevention model for guiding this proposal is the Health Belief Model (HBM). The HBM is a widely recognized theoretical framework that explains people's perception health-related issues and makes decisions regarding their health. It helps understand why individuals, especially those in vulnerable populations, may engage in unhealthy dietary behaviors. The HBM consists perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy (Karimy et al., 2021). Applying the HBM proposal helps assess how low-income families in Florida perceive the risks associated with inadequate nutrition, understand the severity of nutrition-related health issues, identify the benefits of adopting healthier dietary habits, recognize the barriers they face, and develop effective cues to action to motivate behavior change. HBM also emphasizes significance of self-efficacy, which is the individual's belief in their ability to make positive changes in their health.

References

Feeding Florida. (2022). Hunger & Nutrition. Www.feedingflorida.org. https://www.feedingflorida.org/staying-informed/hunger-nutrition#:~:text=More%20than%202.2%20million%20Floridians

Karimy, M., Bastami, F., Sharifat, R., Heydarabadi, A. B., Hatamzadeh, N., Pakpour, A. H., Cheraghian, B., Zamani-Alavijeh, F., Jasemzadeh, M., & Araban, M. (2021). Factors related to preventive COVID-19 behaviors using health belief model among general population: a cross-sectional study in Iran. BMC Public Health, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11983-3

Norman, K., Haß, U., & Pirlich, M. (2021). Malnutrition in older adults—recent advances and remaining challenges. Nutrients, 13(8), 2764. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082764

Ong, M. M., Ong, R. M., Reyes, G. K., & Sumpaico-Tanchanco, L. B. (2020). Addressing the COVID-19 nutrition crisis in vulnerable communities: Applying a primary care perspective. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, 11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2150132720946951

Reyes, L. I., Constantinides, S. V., Bhandari, S., Frongillo, E. A., Schreinemachers, P., Wertheim-Heck, S., Walls, H., Holdsworth, M., Laar, A., Nguyen, T., Turner, C., Wellard, K., & Blake, C. E. (2021). Actions in global nutrition initiatives to promote sustainable healthy diets. Global Food Security, 31, 100585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100585

2

Health Promotion Proposal: Nutrition in Florida

Dalia Salgado

Florida National University

Health Promotion & Role Development in Adv. Nursing Practice

Professor: Dr. Nora Hernandez

September 21, 2023

Health Promotion Proposal: Nutrition in Florida

Nutrition is a fundamental aspect of human health. It is the intake of essential nutrients like vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, which fuel bodies, support growth, and maintain vital functions. Balanced diet provides necessary energy and building blocks for cells, tissues, and organs. Adequate nutrition maintains physical health and influences mental well-being. Poor nutrition is associated with health issues like obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and malnutrition. A well-rounded diet promotes longevity, immunity, cognitive function, and overall vitality. According to Feeding Florida (2022), Florida is one of the states facing significant portion of the population facing nutritional challenges In United States. Over 2.2 million Floridians face financial hardship in order to eat healthfully. 79% of people who used food banks to supplement their budgets also bought cheap, unhealthful food. 51% of households that use food from food banks consume food after its expiration date. Florida is ranked 10th in food security and nutrition issues in United States. The issues affect people of all ages and expose them to poor nutrition effects like obesity, increasing risks of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancers. Recognizing and understanding nutrition's significance underscores the imperative of making informed dietary choices for a healthier. This proposal seeks to address the issue of inadequate nutrition in Florida by designing a comprehensive health promotion program. The proposal will focus on improving nutrition and dietary habits among vulnerable populations in Florida. The proposed outcome is to decrease the prevalence of nutrition-related health issues.

Vulnerable Population for Nutrition in Florida

The vulnerable population that this proposal aims to serve is low-income families, elderly, and children in Florida. The group faces numerous risk factors contributing to their vulnerability in terms of nutrition. They have limited access to healthy food options, food insecurity, inadequate knowledge of nutrition, and socioeconomic disparities. Low-income families often struggle to afford nutritious food, increasing reliance on inexpensive, calorie-dense, and often nutritionally deficient options. Feeding Florida (2022) estimates that Florida residents who experience hunger need an additional $1,533,552,000 in food each year. Food deserts, where there is limited access to fresh fruits and vegetables, are also prevalent in many low-income neighborhoods. The elderly face unique challenges like fixed incomes, limited mobility, and specific dietary needs, hindering their access to a well-balanced diet. Many elderly people also report losing their appetite and having trouble consuming enough nutrients. The physiological and unintentional reduction in food intake is known as Anorexia (Norman et al., 2021). Children are vulnerable because their nutritional needs are crucial for growth and development, and their families may lack the resources or knowledge to provide them with proper nutrition. Children's growth and development depend largely on proper nutrition, and malnutrition during childhood can have long-lasting effects on physical and cognitive development. Children are estimated to be one of the primary groups affected by nutrition. Hunger and nutrition issues affect 1 in 7 kids. The vulnerability can result in health disparities, impacting immediate and long-term well-being. Addressing the nutritional needs of this vulnerable population is essential to improving overall health outcomes in Florida.

Literature Review

Reyes et al. (2021) offer comprehensive review of global nutrition initiatives and their recommendations to address inadequate nutrition. It highlights the actions recommended by the initiatives and examines their similarities and differences. 13 action themes were identified across 12 global nutrition initiatives. The primary focus was on either food environments and their food system drivers or food choices. Strategies for addressing inadequate nutrition reshape food environments, enhance food choices, and promote sustainable healthy diets.

Evidence-based interventions to address the problem of inadequate nutrition entail promoting the agricultural production of diverse nutrient-rich foods, protecting nutrient-rich wild foods and ecosystems, supporting smallholders and small enterprises across food value chains, redesigning safety net and social protection programs for improved nutritional outcomes, reducing food loss and waste, improving food quality and safety, strengthening regulations for advertising and marketing of healthy foods, enhancing transparency in food labeling, encouraging healthier eating through subsidies and promotions of healthy foods, creating consumer demand for healthy foods through nutrition education and civic engagement, improving the acceptability of healthy foods, promoting traditional foods and methods with nutritional benefits, and investing in metrics, research, and accessible evidence for policy development.

Ong et al. (2020) address interventions to address issue of inadequate nutrition exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. One notable intervention highlighted is implementation of community-based nutrition education programs. The program's focus raises awareness about balanced diets, nutrition, and healthy cooking practices within vulnerable communities heavily reliant on food aid. Researchers have found that such interventions can improve dietary choices, increase consumption of nutritious foods, and enhance food security among beneficiaries. Community-based nutrition education also empowers people to make informed decisions about their diet.

Another intervention is diversification of food aid packages. Researchers have found that incorporating nutritious foods into relief packages provides recipients with balanced and health-promoting diet. For instance, adding items like fresh fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains alongside staples like rice and canned goods can significantly enhance the nutritional value of food aid. Such diversified packages address immediate hunger and promote long-term health and well-being of food aid-dependent households.

Strengths and weaknesses of

Reyes et al. (2021) offer a comprehensive overview of global nutrition initiatives and their recommendations. Its strengths entail thorough examination of action themes and strategies, which can inform the development of a targeted nutrition program. However, it may lack specificity regarding the unique challenges faced by low-income families, elderly, and children. Ong et al. (2020) strengths was the practical recommendations adapted to the specific needs of Florida's vulnerable populations. However, the focus on pandemic-related challenges might not fully address the long-standing issues of food insecurity and limited access to nutritious food in the state.

Health Promotion/Disease Prevention Model

The most suitable health promotion and disease prevention model for guiding this proposal is the Health Belief Model (HBM). The HBM is a widely recognized theoretical framework that explains people's perception health-related issues and makes decisions regarding their health. It helps understand why individuals, especially those in vulnerable populations, may engage in unhealthy dietary behaviors. The HBM consists perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy (Karimy et al., 2021). Applying the HBM proposal helps assess how low-income families in Florida perceive the risks associated with inadequate nutrition, understand the severity of nutrition-related health issues, identify the benefits of adopting healthier dietary habits, recognize the barriers they face, and develop effective cues to action to motivate behavior change. HBM also emphasizes significance of self-efficacy, which is the individual's belief in their ability to make positive changes in their health.

References

Feeding Florida. (2022). Hunger & Nutrition. Www.feedingflorida.org. https://www.feedingflorida.org/staying-informed/hunger-nutrition#:~:text=More%20than%202.2%20million%20Floridians

Karimy, M., Bastami, F., Sharifat, R., Heydarabadi, A. B., Hatamzadeh, N., Pakpour, A. H., Cheraghian, B., Zamani-Alavijeh, F., Jasemzadeh, M., & Araban, M. (2021). Factors related to preventive COVID-19 behaviors using health belief model among general population: a cross-sectional study in Iran. BMC Public Health, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11983-3

Norman, K., Haß, U., & Pirlich, M. (2021). Malnutrition in older adults—recent advances and remaining challenges. Nutrients, 13(8), 2764. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082764

Ong, M. M., Ong, R. M., Reyes, G. K., & Sumpaico-Tanchanco, L. B. (2020). Addressing the COVID-19 nutrition crisis in vulnerable communities: Applying a primary care perspective. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, 11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2150132720946951

Reyes, L. I., Constantinides, S. V., Bhandari, S., Frongillo, E. A., Schreinemachers, P., Wertheim-Heck, S., Walls, H., Holdsworth, M., Laar, A., Nguyen, T., Turner, C., Wellard, K., & Blake, C. E. (2021). Actions in global nutrition initiatives to promote sustainable healthy diets. Global Food Security, 31, 100585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100585