Assigment .Apa seven . All instructions attached.

2

Obesity in Florida

Ania Molina

Florida National University

Health Promotion & Role Development in Adv. Nursing Practice

Professor: Dr. Nora Hernandez

September 20, 2023

Obesity in Florida

Obesity is a prevalent health problem in Florida state. Obesity is defined medical condition caused by excessive accumulation of body fat. A body mass index (BMI) over 25 is considered overweight, and over 30 is obese. Florida has only 34% of adults maintaining a healthy weight, approximately 28% obese, and 36% are overweight. The statistics is projected to increase by 2030 and percentage of healthy-weight adults will decrease to 30% (Florida Department of Health, 2022). Florida is ranked among the top ten states with highest obesity prevalence in United States. Obesity is influenced by genetics and behavioral factors like physical inactivity, medication use, and dietary habits. (Lee et al., 2019). Obesity is associated with lower quality of life and adverse mental health outcomes. It also contributes to major global and U.S. causes of death like cancers, strokes, heart disease, and diabetes. Addressing obesity requires combination of individual and environmental interventions. This proposal aims to address obesity in Florida by developing health promotion program focusing on prevention and management. The proposed health promotion program will target individuals and communities throughout Florida, specifically focusing on vulnerable populations. The primary objective is to reduce obesity prevalence by promoting healthier lifestyle choices, improving access to nutritious foods, and encouraging regular physical activity. The program’s proposed outcome is a measurable reduction in the obesity rates among adults and children in Florida over a specified period.

Vulnerable population

The vulnerable population of obesity in Florida entails low-income individuals and communities, non-Hispanic, and individuals with limited access to healthcare resources. The primary driver of their health issue is unhealthy eating habits characterized by excessive fast food consumption. Despite significant community focus and government-backed anti-obesity initiatives, the prevalence of overweight and obesity remains alarmingly high.

The risk factors contributing to their vulnerability are socioeconomic status, food deserts, cultural and ethnic factors, limited healthcare access, and lack of education . Due to financial constraints, low-income individuals often face barriers to accessing fresh, nutritious foods. Processed and high-calorie, low-nutrient foods become more affordable, contributing to weight gain and obesity (Vilar-Compte et al., 2021). Some communities in Florida lack access to grocery stores and farmers' markets that offer healthy food choices. These "food deserts" make it challenging for residents to maintain a balanced diet. Certain cultural preferences and traditions may promote the consumption of calorie-dense foods, increasing the risk of obesity among specific racial and ethnic groups (Gray et al., 2020). Vulnerable populations often have limited access to healthcare facilities and preventive services, making it difficult to receive obesity-related counseling and care. Limited health literacy and awareness about the risks of obesity and benefits of a healthy lifestyle contribute to higher obesity rates in vulnerable populations. They then consume too much fast food and often have poor nutrition practices.

Literature review

Kaufman et al. (2020) present evidence-based interventions for addressing the persistent problem of childhood obesity. It emphasizes the importance of early identification of children at obesity risk, utilizing electronic health systems that provide comprehensive data beyond traditional growth charts. Healthcare providers are encouraged to initiate discussions about weight, employ positive and non-stigmatizing language, and focus on behavior rather than just weight, health, or appearance. Motivational interviewing is recommended as an effective approach to helping families set their goals and overcome barriers to healthier lifestyles. It stresses significance of family-centered care and provides advice on proper nutrition and physical activity.

The article also highlights evidence-based tools and resources primary care providers can use to promote behavior change, like Choose My Plate and Let's Go 5-2-1-0. Those children who do not respond to initial interventions, lifestyle-based behavioral programs are suggested. Medications are recommended in childhood obesity treatment, but their limited role is emphasized in comprehensive weight management program and their potential side effects and cost concerns. Kaufman et al. (2020) also acknowledge the efficacy of bariatric surgery in selected adolescents with severe obesity in cases of comorbidities and recommend referring appropriate candidates to specialized pediatric tertiary care centers.

Danielli et al. (2021) identified schools and childcare settings, marketing and nutritional information labeling, healthy food availability, food outlets and restaurants, education, support programs (including media campaigns), and physical infrastructure promoting physical activity as crucial battlegrounds to fight obesity. Cities implement programs focusing on education, support, and promoting healthy eating and physical activity. Marketing and nutritional information are labeled as key to shaping healthier behaviors. Cities use them to ban unhealthy food advertising on public transport, while others mandate calorie labeling at fast-food restaurants. Improving healthy food availability in underserved communities increases access to nutritious food options.

Danielli et al. (2021) findings underscore the need for multi-level and multi-component interventions, encompassing individual, community, and city-level approaches. Obesity is multifaceted in nature of obesity and requires combined interventions for effective outcome. The interventions require efforts from restaurants and food outlets, Education and support programs, community engagement and education, and physical infrastructure modifications to promote physical activity. These diverse strategies collectively underscore the interconnectedness of personal and planetary health and advocate for a holistic approach to tackling the obesity epidemic in urban environments.

Health Promotion/Disease Prevention Theoretical Model

The Health Belief Model (HBM) is an appropriate theoretical framework for the proposed health promotion program. The HBM posits that individuals' health-related behaviors are influenced by their ideas about the risks posed by a health condition and the advantages and difficulties of taking preventive action (Sreelakshmi & Prathap, 2020). HBM can help understand how individuals perceive their susceptibility to obesity-related health issues and benefits of adopting healthier lifestyles. HBM program can focus on enhancing individuals' perceptions of the severity of obesity-related health problems (e.g., diabetes, heart disease) and benefits of adopting healthier dietary and physical activity habits. The model also allows for identifying and mitigating perceived barriers to behavior change, such as lack of access to healthy foods or limited opportunities for physical activity.

References

Danielli, S., Coffey, T., Ashrafian, H., & Darzi, A. (2021). Systematic review into city interventions to address obesity. EClinicalMedicine, 100710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100710

Florida Department of Health. (2022, June 28). Healthy Weight | Florida Department of Health. Www.floridahealth.gov. https://www.floridahealth.gov/programs-and-services/prevention/healthy-weight/index.html#:~:text=Currently%2C%20only%2034%25%20of%20Florida

Gray, H. L., Berumen, J. H., Lovett, S. M., Himmelgreen, D., Biswas, D., Bohn, J., Peacock, C., & Buro, A. W. (2020). A Mixed-methods study to understand food environments and grocery shopping patterns of community residents in underserved neighborhoods in Tampa, Florida. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2020.1862098

Kaufman, T. K., Lynch, B. A., & Wilkinson, J. M. (2020). Childhood obesity: An evidence-based approach to family-centered advice and support. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, 11, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1177/2150132720926279

Lee, A., Cardel, M., & Donahoo, W. T. (2019). Environmental Factors Influencing Obesity. NIH.gov; MDText.com, Inc. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK278977/

Sreelakshmi, C. C., & Prathap, S. K. (2020). Continuance adoption of mobile-based payments in Covid-19 context: an integrated framework of health belief model and expectation confirmation model. International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/ijpcc-06-2020-0069

Vilar-Compte, M., Burrola-Méndez, S., Lozano-Marrufo, A., Ferré-Eguiluz, I., Flores, D., Gaitán-Rossi, P., Teruel, G., & Pérez-Escamilla, R. (2021). Urban poverty and nutrition challenges associated with accessibility to a healthy diet: a global systematic literature review. International Journal for Equity in Health, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01330-0

2

Obesity in Florida

Ania Molina

Florida National University

Health Promotion & Role Development in Adv. Nursing Practice

Professor: Dr. Nora Hernandez

September 20, 2023

Obesity in Florida

Obesity is a prevalent health problem in Florida state. Obesity is defined medical condition caused by excessive accumulation of body fat. A body mass index (BMI) over 25 is considered overweight, and over 30 is obese. Florida has only 34% of adults maintaining a healthy weight, approximately 28% obese, and 36% are overweight. The statistics is projected to increase by 2030 and percentage of healthy-weight adults will decrease to 30% (Florida Department of Health, 2022). Florida is ranked among the top ten states with highest obesity prevalence in United States. Obesity is influenced by genetics and behavioral factors like physical inactivity, medication use, and dietary habits. (Lee et al., 2019). Obesity is associated with lower quality of life and adverse mental health outcomes. It also contributes to major global and U.S. causes of death like cancers, strokes, heart disease, and diabetes. Addressing obesity requires combination of individual and environmental interventions. This proposal aims to address obesity in Florida by developing health promotion program focusing on prevention and management. The proposed health promotion program will target individuals and communities throughout Florida, specifically focusing on vulnerable populations. The primary objective is to reduce obesity prevalence by promoting healthier lifestyle choices, improving access to nutritious foods, and encouraging regular physical activity. The program’s proposed outcome is a measurable reduction in the obesity rates among adults and children in Florida over a specified period.

Vulnerable population

The vulnerable population of obesity in Florida entails low-income individuals and communities, non-Hispanic, and individuals with limited access to healthcare resources. The primary driver of their health issue is unhealthy eating habits characterized by excessive fast food consumption. Despite significant community focus and government-backed anti-obesity initiatives, the prevalence of overweight and obesity remains alarmingly high.

The risk factors contributing to their vulnerability are socioeconomic status, food deserts, cultural and ethnic factors, limited healthcare access, and lack of education . Due to financial constraints, low-income individuals often face barriers to accessing fresh, nutritious foods. Processed and high-calorie, low-nutrient foods become more affordable, contributing to weight gain and obesity (Vilar-Compte et al., 2021). Some communities in Florida lack access to grocery stores and farmers' markets that offer healthy food choices. These "food deserts" make it challenging for residents to maintain a balanced diet. Certain cultural preferences and traditions may promote the consumption of calorie-dense foods, increasing the risk of obesity among specific racial and ethnic groups (Gray et al., 2020). Vulnerable populations often have limited access to healthcare facilities and preventive services, making it difficult to receive obesity-related counseling and care. Limited health literacy and awareness about the risks of obesity and benefits of a healthy lifestyle contribute to higher obesity rates in vulnerable populations. They then consume too much fast food and often have poor nutrition practices.

Literature review

Kaufman et al. (2020) present evidence-based interventions for addressing the persistent problem of childhood obesity. It emphasizes the importance of early identification of children at obesity risk, utilizing electronic health systems that provide comprehensive data beyond traditional growth charts. Healthcare providers are encouraged to initiate discussions about weight, employ positive and non-stigmatizing language, and focus on behavior rather than just weight, health, or appearance. Motivational interviewing is recommended as an effective approach to helping families set their goals and overcome barriers to healthier lifestyles. It stresses significance of family-centered care and provides advice on proper nutrition and physical activity.

The article also highlights evidence-based tools and resources primary care providers can use to promote behavior change, like Choose My Plate and Let's Go 5-2-1-0. Those children who do not respond to initial interventions, lifestyle-based behavioral programs are suggested. Medications are recommended in childhood obesity treatment, but their limited role is emphasized in comprehensive weight management program and their potential side effects and cost concerns. Kaufman et al. (2020) also acknowledge the efficacy of bariatric surgery in selected adolescents with severe obesity in cases of comorbidities and recommend referring appropriate candidates to specialized pediatric tertiary care centers.

Danielli et al. (2021) identified schools and childcare settings, marketing and nutritional information labeling, healthy food availability, food outlets and restaurants, education, support programs (including media campaigns), and physical infrastructure promoting physical activity as crucial battlegrounds to fight obesity. Cities implement programs focusing on education, support, and promoting healthy eating and physical activity. Marketing and nutritional information are labeled as key to shaping healthier behaviors. Cities use them to ban unhealthy food advertising on public transport, while others mandate calorie labeling at fast-food restaurants. Improving healthy food availability in underserved communities increases access to nutritious food options.

Danielli et al. (2021) findings underscore the need for multi-level and multi-component interventions, encompassing individual, community, and city-level approaches. Obesity is multifaceted in nature of obesity and requires combined interventions for effective outcome. The interventions require efforts from restaurants and food outlets, Education and support programs, community engagement and education, and physical infrastructure modifications to promote physical activity. These diverse strategies collectively underscore the interconnectedness of personal and planetary health and advocate for a holistic approach to tackling the obesity epidemic in urban environments.

Health Promotion/Disease Prevention Theoretical Model

The Health Belief Model (HBM) is an appropriate theoretical framework for the proposed health promotion program. The HBM posits that individuals' health-related behaviors are influenced by their ideas about the risks posed by a health condition and the advantages and difficulties of taking preventive action (Sreelakshmi & Prathap, 2020). HBM can help understand how individuals perceive their susceptibility to obesity-related health issues and benefits of adopting healthier lifestyles. HBM program can focus on enhancing individuals' perceptions of the severity of obesity-related health problems (e.g., diabetes, heart disease) and benefits of adopting healthier dietary and physical activity habits. The model also allows for identifying and mitigating perceived barriers to behavior change, such as lack of access to healthy foods or limited opportunities for physical activity.

References

Danielli, S., Coffey, T., Ashrafian, H., & Darzi, A. (2021). Systematic review into city interventions to address obesity. EClinicalMedicine, 100710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100710

Florida Department of Health. (2022, June 28). Healthy Weight | Florida Department of Health. Www.floridahealth.gov. https://www.floridahealth.gov/programs-and-services/prevention/healthy-weight/index.html#:~:text=Currently%2C%20only%2034%25%20of%20Florida

Gray, H. L., Berumen, J. H., Lovett, S. M., Himmelgreen, D., Biswas, D., Bohn, J., Peacock, C., & Buro, A. W. (2020). A Mixed-methods study to understand food environments and grocery shopping patterns of community residents in underserved neighborhoods in Tampa, Florida. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2020.1862098

Kaufman, T. K., Lynch, B. A., & Wilkinson, J. M. (2020). Childhood obesity: An evidence-based approach to family-centered advice and support. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, 11, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1177/2150132720926279

Lee, A., Cardel, M., & Donahoo, W. T. (2019). Environmental Factors Influencing Obesity. NIH.gov; MDText.com, Inc. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK278977/

Sreelakshmi, C. C., & Prathap, S. K. (2020). Continuance adoption of mobile-based payments in Covid-19 context: an integrated framework of health belief model and expectation confirmation model. International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/ijpcc-06-2020-0069

Vilar-Compte, M., Burrola-Méndez, S., Lozano-Marrufo, A., Ferré-Eguiluz, I., Flores, D., Gaitán-Rossi, P., Teruel, G., & Pérez-Escamilla, R. (2021). Urban poverty and nutrition challenges associated with accessibility to a healthy diet: a global systematic literature review. International Journal for Equity in Health, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01330-0