Applied Project

AUT 540 M8

AUT 540 M8 Handwashing Literature Review.

Nhazanu Yekeh Pessima

Graduate School College of Education, Endicott College,

AUT 540 : AT01-SU23 ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS WITH ASD

Professor. Gloria Satriale

July 23, 2023

Applies Project: Hand Washing

The targeted skill was handwashing, and a variety of interventions will be used while teaching the skill. Hand washing involves the use of soap and running water to kill the accumulated germs likely to cause disease. According to (Praiwa and Negara, 2022) “Washing hands with soap can kill 73% of germs and is more effective at killing germs than using a hand sanitizer which only kills 60% of germs ". This skill is implemented because of continuous training of the young school-going children where they must be educated on how to perform it. Further, in a school setup, there should be available facilities such as taps that have been installed safely for easy access. The teachers in the school environment should offer the necessary support to learners who have not yet mastered the skill for efficiency. They should encourage the students to adopt the habit of washing hands after visiting the toilet, playing, and before eating meals. Research conducted implies that inadequate skills and knowledge in elementary schools are a result of inadequate training from the relevant authorities.

Hand-washing skills are effective when the application of detergents that kill germs is used. For instance, liquid soaps which contain some chemicals for killing germs are advisable. In a school setup, the Ministry of health in various countries has made efforts to provide learners with the required resources (Lao et al., 2023). This has reduced the number of students admitted to hospitals due to diseases like diarrhea. They have spent more time in school, hence concentrating and as a result, improved performance has been realized. Institutions that have developed and implemented the use of technology can use automated machines to wash their hands. Since the emergency of the COVID-19 pandemic globally, most individuals have died due to the disease. However, handwashing techniques were invented to deal with preventive measures. In this intervention, blended learning has been realized with practical accompany theory learning. A machine that has an IR sensor component that can automatically switch on and off is used. The presence of the hand influences the working of the device. This has made work easier and save time for learners in school. "In demonstrating the tool there is a percentage of students with a positive response where as many as 14 students state very good with a percentage of 66.67%, and as many as 4 people state good with a presentation of 19% and as many as 3 people state quite well with a percentage of 14% (Satria e al., 2022). “This has demonstrated the need to adopt current technology in making work easier and timesaving.

The final step for handwashing is drying the hands to remove excess water which may make one uncomfortable. According to (Gião and Vardoulakis, 2022) “Effective hand drying is an important part of hand hygiene that can reduce the risk of infectious disease transmission through cross-contamination of surfaces by wet hands.” While at school, learners can be guided on how to improvise hand-drying items by using locally available materials to save on expenses. Additionally, parents should make some efforts to purchase the items if they are in a position to do so. The research conducted performed a practical demonstration to examine the impact of using different hand dryers. Results implied that bacteria and aerosol concentration increase when individuals under the controlled experiment enter and wash their hands. Further, an increase was realized during the hand drying procedure. A preference was made for jet hair dryers when compared to towel ones. A proper method of washing hands aims at removing the accumulated germs and bacteria which are harmful to the human body.

References

Gião, M. S., & Vardoulakis, S. (2022). Aerosols and bacteria from hand washing and drying in indoor air.  Frontiers in Public Health,  10, 804825.

Lao, C. K., Li, X., Zhao, N., Gou, M., & Zhou, G. (2023). Using the health action process approach to predict facemask use and hand washing in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in China.  Current Psychology,  42(8), 6484-6493.

Satria, H., Nasution, M., Mungkin, M., Anisa, Y., & Hardinata, A. (2022). Design and Demonstration of the Use of Automatic Hand Washing Sink Technology in Covid-19 Pandemic Conditions.  International Journal of Education, Information Technology, and Others,  5(2), 127-132.

Applies Project: Hand Washing

For this part of the project you will write complete your literature review summarizing research supporting the intervention you will be using to teach your targeted skill.  You should include at least 4 studies here.

This should be about 2 pages in length and in APA format.

Please let me know if you have any questions

2

Nhazanu Yekeh Pessima

AUT 540 Module 3

Applied Project 1

June 18, 2023

Skill: Hand Washing

The importance of Hand Washing

Hand washing hands regularly using running water is essential to any individual. Keeping hands clean kills bacteria and germs, which cause diseases such as COVID-19 and diarrhea. Fewer people are admitted to the hospital due to these illnesses. In schools, washing hands is important, and this skill should be continuously practiced enabling learners to become responsible and dependable. They habitually wash their hands after eating and visiting the toilet. In the early stages of development of a child, washing hands helps a child develop cognitive concepts and ideas, making them grow in the right manner. I chose to teach the concept of handwashing to educate individuals and the public on preventive measures against some emerging diseases. Most importantly, the topic aims to improve the community's hygienic levels.

Feedbacks from instructor.

Thank you for your submission. Your articles seem very interesting. They are timely. I guess that is to be expected since handwashing has catapulted in attention since the pandemic. I am curious about your selection of international resources. Remember, the references are for the final applyied project where you will be developing an instructional program to systematically teach handwashing. I would think that there are practical applied articles on the subject as opposed to the many theoretical and experiential articles you have listed here. I'm not sure that these articles will be valuable to you. What is needed for the applied project is to make the case, in your literature review section, for the value of hand washing as an important skill of daily living and/or the importance of healthy hand hygiene. You then proceed into the instructional program itself. It would also be interesting for you to consider, either in your literature review or your interventional program, the value of substituting appropriate use of hand sanitizer in the place of the multi-step and environmental specific task of handwashing. Does that make sense? Please also check your APA citation formatting.

Remember, proper APA formatting requires the use of headings, end, introduction, conclusion, and the use of subheadings, which are the important component parts of your paper. I like the analysis that you have made making the case for why handwashing is so important. - careful or however you are somewhat repetitive in your point. I think you can make the case against germs more concisely. Please try to rework that section. The endgame of handwashing, as you have noted is good hygiene and prevention from germs and sickness. Covid has taught us, however, that if we can't master hand washing, or handwashing is not available, the use of hand sanitizer is a good alternative, you may want to speak to that. You must increase your within-text citation. The general rule of thumb is if you are making a statement of fact, or your sentence, even sounds like a statement of fact, a citation as evidence of that statement from the literature is necessary.

For your final submission in applied project 6, please make sure you incorporate my feedback on the applied project three. For this submission, I think that your conclusion can be a bit more robust and would need to include a reference to why the approach to teaching was selected. The literature review is to accomplish two goals: one. Establish the importance of the skill through the literature. Then discuss the approach commonly used to teach it and why you have selected the approach you will use in your teaching plan.

Handwashing

AUT 540 M1

Applied Project 3 – Intro/Lit Review (Handwashing)

Nhazanu Yekeh Pessima

Graduate School College of Education, Endicott College,

AUT 540 : AT01-SU23 ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS WITH ASD

Professor. Gloria Satriale

July 9, 2023

Hand washing is an important skill that applies to all individuals living in society starting from toddlers, school-going children, adolescents, and adults. Most importantly, his paper focuses on the importance of this skill to learners with autism spectrum disorder.(ASD). It involves using soap and clean water to kill accumulated germs in the hands. After every task which involves touching surfaces, learners with ASD need to wash their hands for the benefit of their healthy well-being. In school, learners must wash their hands after visiting toilets, after class activities, and before taking meals. Teachers should therefore take the role of educating them on how to implement the skill at all levels of learning. Common defects associated with failure to wash hands include the spread of deadly diseases such as diarrhea and COVID-19. Eating before washing hands creates pathways for germs into the human body. Through this, an interruption of normal digestion is realized leading to this illness which is dangerous to these learners. Alternatively, it may lead to the accumulation of germs in common surfaces surrounding the living environment like the door grills, tables, playing objects, and window grills. Interaction with other learners leads to the spread of germs through contact. The COVID-19 pandemic is another common deficit associated with inadequate washing of hands. The germs easily navigate from one individual to another hence increasing the number of deaths in the global society. To avoid this increase, learners with ASD should be educated on the need to frequently wash their hands with running water.

Respiratory diseases are likely to emerge due to the failure to wash hands. This occurs when the learners affected with ASD touch their eyes, nose, and mouth creating passages for the germs. As a result, they interfere with the functioning of these organs leading to defects and conditions which require medical attention. People are therefore advised to avoid touching their critical body parts without any consent. Touching foods such as fruits without cleaning hands leads to stomach upsets. Germs are carried to the stomach and upon interacting with other body fluids, they multiply and lead to complications. Failure to observe hygiene in terms of hand washing leads to negative impacts on the target group. Firstly, there is an outbreak of disease that affects their performance in school, work, and society. Learners with ASD who are affected with these diseases develop low concentration in class leading to poor memory and retention of knowledge and skills. On the other hand, adolescents in higher levels of education drop out failing to fulfill their career desires. This contributes to the increased unskilled workforce which affects the general quality of life since there is insufficient money to fulfill the daily needs. Struggles to get basic needs lead to high poverty levels affecting the economy of a country.

Educating learners with ASD on the skill of hand washing is important to them in a variety of ways. They become responsible for their health by maintaining high hygiene levels in and outside school. The ability to practice this aspect of health in their daily life while in school makes them responsible individuals in society. Most importantly, the acquired knowledge and skills are applied in a society where the members are educated on the need to keep their hands clean in all circumstances. The number of admitted patients in the hospital reduces drastically since they take earlier preventive measures so that they do not contact hospital acquire diseases. Healthy learners stay in school for a long time, hence improving their performance. In universities, learners spend most of their time in school sharpening their skills which helps them secure future jobs. After getting their salary, they can live lives of their choice.

2

AUT 540 M3

Final Paper References

Nhazanu Yekeh Pessima

Graduate School College of Education, Endicott College,

AUT 540 : AT01-SU23 ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS WITH ASD

Professor. Gloria Satriale

June 18, 2023

References

Araiba, S., & Čolić, M. (2022). Preliminary practice recommendations for telehealth direct applied behavior analysis services with children with autism.  Journal of Behavioral Education, 1-35. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10864-022-09473-6

Curley, K., Colman, R., Rushforth, A., & Kotera, Y. (2023). Stress Reduction Interventions for Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Focused Literature Review.  Youth,  3(1), 246-260. https://www.mdpi.com/2673-995X/3/1/17

González-García, R. J., Martínez-Rico, G., Escorcia-Mora, C., & García-Grau, P. (2023). A Bibliometric Study on the Social Validity of Telepractice in Autism Spectrum Disorder.  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,  20(1), 419. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9819304/

Ferguson, J., Dounavi, K., & Craig, E. A. (2022). The impact of a telehealth platform on ABA-based parent training targeting social communication in children with autism spectrum disorder.  Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities,  34(6), 1089-1120. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35370389/

Gao, X., Su, X., Qian, H., & Pan, X. (2022). Dependence assessment in human reliability analysis under uncertain and dynamic situations.  Nuclear Engineering and Technology,  54(3), 948-958. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1738573321006239

Kingsdorf, S., Pancocha, K., Vadurova, H., & Dosedel, T. (2022). Piloting an e-learning applied behavior analysis course for caregivers of children with autism in the Czech Republic.  Journal of Behavioral Education, 1-32. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10864-022-09493-2

Meadan, H., Lee, J. D., & Chung, M. Y. (2022). Parent-implemented interventions via telepractice in autism research: A review of social validity assessments.  Current Developmental Disorders Reports, 1-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9640782/

Sanders, M. R., & Mazzucchelli, T. G. (2022). Mechanisms of change in population-based parenting interventions for children and adolescents.  Journal of clinical child & adolescent psychology,  51(3), 277-294. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35133932/

Schilling, S., Powell, B. J., Stewart, P. W., & Wood, J. N. (2023). Child Adult Relationship Enhancement in Primary Care (PriCARE): study design/protocol for a randomized trial of a primary care-based group parenting intervention to prevent child maltreatment.  Trials,  24(1), 138. https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13063-022-07024-y

Studts, C. R., Jacobs, J. A., Bush, M. L., Lowman, J., Creel, L. M., & Westgate, P. M. (2022). Study protocol: Type 1 hybrid effectiveness–implementation trial of a behavioral parent training intervention for parents of young children who are deaf or hard of hearing.  American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology,  31(3), 1163-1178. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35316091/

AUT 540 M8

AUT 540 M8 Handwashing Literature Review.

Nhazanu Yekeh Pessima

Graduate School College of Education, Endicott College,

AUT 540 : AT01-SU23 ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS WITH ASD

Professor. Gloria Satriale

July 23, 2023

Applies Project: Hand Washing

The targeted skill was handwashing, and a variety of interventions will be used while teaching the skill. Hand washing involves the use of soap and running water to kill the accumulated germs likely to cause disease. According to (Praiwa and Negara, 2022) “Washing hands with soap can kill 73% of germs and is more effective at killing germs than using a hand sanitizer which only kills 60% of germs ". This skill is implemented because of continuous training of the young school-going children where they must be educated on how to perform it. Further, in a school setup, there should be available facilities such as taps that have been installed safely for easy access. The teachers in the school environment should offer the necessary support to learners who have not yet mastered the skill for efficiency. They should encourage the students to adopt the habit of washing hands after visiting the toilet, playing, and before eating meals. Research conducted implies that inadequate skills and knowledge in elementary schools are a result of inadequate training from the relevant authorities.

Hand-washing skills are effective when the application of detergents that kill germs is used. For instance, liquid soaps which contain some chemicals for killing germs are advisable. In a school setup, the Ministry of health in various countries has made efforts to provide learners with the required resources (Lao et al., 2023). This has reduced the number of students admitted to hospitals due to diseases like diarrhea. They have spent more time in school, hence concentrating and as a result, improved performance has been realized. Institutions that have developed and implemented the use of technology can use automated machines to wash their hands. Since the emergency of the COVID-19 pandemic globally, most individuals have died due to the disease. However, handwashing techniques were invented to deal with preventive measures. In this intervention, blended learning has been realized with practical accompany theory learning. A machine that has an IR sensor component that can automatically switch on and off is used. The presence of the hand influences the working of the device. This has made work easier and save time for learners in school. "In demonstrating the tool there is a percentage of students with a positive response where as many as 14 students state very good with a percentage of 66.67%, and as many as 4 people state good with a presentation of 19% and as many as 3 people state quite well with a percentage of 14% (Satria e al., 2022). “This has demonstrated the need to adopt current technology in making work easier and timesaving.

The final step for handwashing is drying the hands to remove excess water which may make one uncomfortable. According to (Gião and Vardoulakis, 2022) “Effective hand drying is an important part of hand hygiene that can reduce the risk of infectious disease transmission through cross-contamination of surfaces by wet hands.” While at school, learners can be guided on how to improvise hand-drying items by using locally available materials to save on expenses. Additionally, parents should make some efforts to purchase the items if they are in a position to do so. The research conducted performed a practical demonstration to examine the impact of using different hand dryers. Results implied that bacteria and aerosol concentration increase when individuals under the controlled experiment enter and wash their hands. Further, an increase was realized during the hand drying procedure. A preference was made for jet hair dryers when compared to towel ones. A proper method of washing hands aims at removing the accumulated germs and bacteria which are harmful to the human body.

References

Gião, M. S., & Vardoulakis, S. (2022). Aerosols and bacteria from hand washing and drying in indoor air.  Frontiers in Public Health,  10, 804825.

Lao, C. K., Li, X., Zhao, N., Gou, M., & Zhou, G. (2023). Using the health action process approach to predict facemask use and hand washing in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in China.  Current Psychology,  42(8), 6484-6493.

Satria, H., Nasution, M., Mungkin, M., Anisa, Y., & Hardinata, A. (2022). Design and Demonstration of the Use of Automatic Hand Washing Sink Technology in Covid-19 Pandemic Conditions.  International Journal of Education, Information Technology, and Others,  5(2), 127-132.