ANATOMY
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files (2)Lab4_Axial_N.docx
DB2_Strandedwordopensinnewwindow1.docx
Lab4_Axial_N.docx
Hands On Lab 4: Axial Skeletal System
Submission instructions: Type your answers and copy all pictures directly into this Word document. Submit it via the blackboard submission link in Word format (docx).
Introduction:
The skeletal system is the support structure for the body. There are 206 bones, divided into the axial and appendicular skeletons.
This lab will teach you bones that make up the axial skeleton and the major bone markings. Bone markings are holes, ridges, projections, etc. that serve as attachments for muscles, and provide routes for blood vessels and nerves.
Watch These:
Crash Course has 2 skeletal videos that you may want to take a look at:
Skeletal #1(Opens in new window-10:37): Stronger focus on the cellular level so helpful for the lecture portion of the course
Skeletal #2 (Opens in new window-9:22): Basics of the skeletal system and joints (a future lab).
*Do not forget to use the Practice Atlas located within Connect. It’s quite helpful for A&P and shows different views of the various bones and allows for practice with naming. Its located on the left-hand side of the screen when you enter Connect.
Activity 1: Virtual Axial Skeleton Lab
The virtual skeleton laboratory will teach the bones of the axial skeletal division and the major bone markings at your own pace.
Virtual Axial Skeleton Lab (opens new window)
Click on the lab and go through all of the sections. Although you will be learning all of the bones, we have limited the bone markings to the major ones. Please see the module 2 lab study objectives in blackboard, for all of the axial skeleton markings you are responsible for. You are not required to learn any markings in the virtual lab that are not on this list.
We know, it’s a lot of bones! This is what you need to know so find a method to study this information: Some use index cards, some practice labeling diagrams, some have a friend quiz them, or all of the above. Find what works for you. Students have also made up ‘sayings’ and ways to remember certain parts of the skeleton. Ones we know will be shared in the virtual lab but also look for/make up your own!
Activity 2: Identifying Major Bones (Diagram on next page)
Identify the Major Bones. Each letter will only be used once.
1.
4
2. Fibula
3. Humerus
4. Ribs
5. Ulna
6. Coccyx
7. Sternum
8. Scapula
9. Radius
10. Vertebral Column
11. Tibia
12. Mandible
13. Sacrum
14. Pelvis
15. Skull
16. Patella
17. Femur
18. Clavicle
Activity 3: Identifying Skull Bones, Sutures, and Markings
Identify the bones and structures. Each letter will only be used once.
19. Coronal suture
20. Parietal Bone
21. Occipital Bone
22. Sphenoid Bone
23. Styloid process
24. Lacrimal bone
25. Mastoid process
26. Squamosal suture
27. Ethmoid
28. Maxilla
29. Alveolar Processes
30. Temporal Bone
31. Frontal Bone
32. External acoustic meatus
33. Zygomatic bone
34. Nasal bone
35. Vomer
36. Lambdoidal suture
Activity 4: General Vertebral Structure
Match the parts of the general vertebrae. Each letter will only be used once.
37.
38. Vertebral Body
39. Spinous process
40. Transverse process
41. Vertebral foramen
42. Pedicle
43. Lamina
44. Articular Facet
Activity 5: Vertebral Column Matching
Match the parts of the vertebral column with their name and/or number. Some letters will be used more than once!
1.
45. 12
46. Lumbar
47. 7
48. Coccyx
49. Axis
50. 5 (not fused)
51. Atlas
52. Cervical
53. Thoracic
54. Sacrum
*All images in this lab are copyright of McGraw-Hill
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DB2_Strandedwordopensinnewwindow1.docx
PART 2
Discussion Board 2: Stranded!
There are 2 parts to this discussion. Details on what is expected in both parts is found below the prompt.
Prompt (Use your imagination!):
You are a space tourist traveling to a distant planet when a malfunction occurs on your spaceship. All will need to exit the ship within a day. You will take an emergency escape pod to one of the planets nearby.
Your friend bets you that they can accurately describe the integumentary system of the organisms on the planet you are going to stop at. Little does your friend know that you have been studying the integumentary system.
Based on your knowledge of the human integumentary system, what do you think the integumentary systems of the organisms on this planet would be like? What will you see?
Choose one planet below and using the features of the human integumentary system, consider how that system may be altered for survival in these conditions. In other words, what integumentary system will the organism on this planet have to enable them to survive, just like how ours enables us to survive on earth.
1. Planet Aridosol: Hot, dry, windy
Temperature range: 95-115 degrees Fahrenheit
Wind range: 50-65 mph daily
Sunlight range: 20-24 hours a day (in a 24hr day)
Precipitation range: 2 short rainy seasons 10” a year. One lake highly saline.
2. Planet Histosol: Tropical, heavy vegetation, heavy rainfall
Temperature range: 75-95 degrees Fahrenheit. High humidity
Wind: very little
Sunlight: 18 hours a day but little gets through the trees. A shady planet
Precipitation range: Heavy, 1-2” per day
3. Planet Gelisol: Cold, gusty, icy
Temperature range: -35-20 degrees Fahrenheit
Wind range: 30-45 mph, gusts up to 80mph
Sunlight range: 14 hours a day (in a 24hr day)
Precipitation range: mild, snow/ice 3-5” per month
There is no perfect answer, but here are a few things to consider:
-Layers of the skin
-Cellular activity within the layers
-Depth of certain structures
-How the integumentary system may affect other organ systems in the body
-You may want to look at the animal kingdom for some ideas
Through this 2-part discussion with your classmates, you will state your planet choice, explain how the integumentary system (the alteration you think you will see) would affect the survival of these organisms using appropriate and sufficient evidence, and then respond to your classmates posts to convince them your alterations will most likely be seen. You need to know why your description is the most advantageous. You want to win the bet! Use science to win!
Remember, no answer is one hundred percent correct so you are not saying that others are wrong, but instead why your description is more optimal based on evidence of how the integumentary system works.
Part 1: Initial Post
· State your planet choice and explain why you chose the integumentary alterations for survival there. When stating the evidence, consider the challenges that others may have to your evidence and how you could counter those respectful challenges.
· You will need to use at least 3 reputable scientific references to support your post (not including your textbook). Reputable sources= peer reviewed scientific journal articles, accredited websites, or books. Google, Wikipedia, etc. are not acceptable sources.
Part 2: Responses
Comment on at least 2 classmate’s discussion submissions.
· Each comment must be 150-200 words!
· Evaluate their post
· You are either adding more evidence to a post that made the same choice as you or challenging another choice (respectfully) with evidence.
· Offer questions or substantive responses to what is said. Offer Research and share information that backs or refutes a point being made (“Good Jobs”, or “I agree” are NOT allowed as your response!!).
· You may also let your classmate know why they may have changed your mind about a part of the integumentary system.
See last page for charts to use to organize your thoughts. This is for you and not to be handed in.
HOW WILL I BE GRADED?
The rubric to this assignment is located after the citation information below. Take a look prior to starting the assignment and let your instructor know if you have any questions regarding expectations.
WHAT KIND OF SOURCES SHOULD I USE?
Your information must be credible, accurate, and well supported by evidence. The best sources of information are the research journals and the books as well as webpages maintained by professional societies and organizations. Search for articles and academic material should start with the electronic databases of libraries such as FTCC’s Paul H. Thompson Library (opens new window), PubMed (opens new window) or other such resources.
HOW SHOULD I CITE IN THIS ASSIGNMENT?
You must cite all sources. Citation format must be MLA or APA (Visit the Purdue Owl Writing Lab (opens new window) for instructions on proper formatting)
Examples:
In science we primarily use APA. These are basic examples of common citations. Please see the Purdue Owl (linked above) for more details/examples.
In-text citation: When you are paraphrasing from an author, so whenever you a
taking information form a source and putting it in your own words:
According to Jones (1998), APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners.
In-text citation quote: If you are taking a quote, you need to include the page number:
According to Jones (1998), "students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time" (p. 199).
Reference Page: At the end of the document, you want to make sure you reference all of the sources you took information from.
Article:
Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 15(3), 5–13
Book:
Stoneman, R. (2008). Alexander the Great: A life in legend. Yale University Press
Electronic Source/Website:
Price, D. (2018, March 23). Laziness does not exist. Medium. https://humanparts.medium.com/laziness-does-not-exist-3af27e312d01
DISCUSSION BOARD RUBRIC: Total possible point value 100
· INITIAL POST-40pts
· Excellent (40pts) = Clear, strong, and supported explanation of the prompt and all components. Choice is clearly stated and there are 2 or more pieces of scientifically based evidence supporting choice.
· Sufficient (32pts) = Explanation is clear, but is incomplete or unsupported. Choice is clearly stated and there is at least 1 piece of scientifically based evidence supporting choice
· Needs Improvement (24pts) = Explanation is unclear, incomplete, and not supported. Choice is stated but the evidence is not sufficient (from a poor source
· Not Evident (0pts) = No explanation
· RESPONSE POSTS – 30pts
· Excellent (30pts) = A minimum of two responses are used and sufficient detail is used (150-200 words). Comments are thoughtful, reflective, and respectful of other’s postings
· Sufficient (24pts) = Two responses that are not reflective of the topic or other students posting. Either or both are less than 100 words
· Needs Improvement (18pts) = One response is used or two responses show a minimum effort in reading and understanding other student’s post. (e.g. "I agree with Bill")
· Not Evident (0pts) = Sources are not cited at all, are not credible, and/or are not cited correctly.
· SOURCES – 20PTS
· Excellent (20pts) = The required number of sources are provided (minimum of 3, not including textbook). All sources used for quotes, statistics, and facts are credible and cited correctly.
· Sufficient (16pts) = Fewer than required number of sources are provided. Most sources used for quotes, statistics, and facts are credible and cited correctly.
· Needs Improvement (12pts) = Only 1 or 2 sources are provided. Not all sources used are credible and not all are cited correctly
· Not Evident (0pts) = Sources are not cited at all, are not credible, and/or are not cited correctly.
· WRITING MECHANICS – 10pts
· Excellent (10pts) = Post is of required length. Author makes fewer than 2 errors in grammar or spelling that distract the reader from the content
· Sufficient (8pts) = Post is at least one half of the required length. Author makes 2-3 errors in grammar or spelling that distract the reader from the content
· Needs Improvement (6pts) = Post is about one fourth of the required length. Author makes 4-5 errors in grammar or spelling that distract the reader from the content
· Not Evident (0pts) = Post is less than one fourth of required length. Author makes more than 5 errors in grammar or spelling that distract the reader from the content.
5
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Lab4_Axial_N.docx
Hands On Lab 4: Axial Skeletal System
Submission instructions: Type your answers and copy all pictures directly into this Word document. Submit it via the blackboard submission link in Word format (docx).
Introduction:
The skeletal system is the support structure for the body. There are 206 bones, divided into the axial and appendicular skeletons.
This lab will teach you bones that make up the axial skeleton and the major bone markings. Bone markings are holes, ridges, projections, etc. that serve as attachments for muscles, and provide routes for blood vessels and nerves.
Watch These:
Crash Course has 2 skeletal videos that you may want to take a look at:
Skeletal #1(Opens in new window-10:37): Stronger focus on the cellular level so helpful for the lecture portion of the course
Skeletal #2 (Opens in new window-9:22): Basics of the skeletal system and joints (a future lab).
*Do not forget to use the Practice Atlas located within Connect. It’s quite helpful for A&P and shows different views of the various bones and allows for practice with naming. Its located on the left-hand side of the screen when you enter Connect.
Activity 1: Virtual Axial Skeleton Lab
The virtual skeleton laboratory will teach the bones of the axial skeletal division and the major bone markings at your own pace.
Virtual Axial Skeleton Lab (opens new window)
Click on the lab and go through all of the sections. Although you will be learning all of the bones, we have limited the bone markings to the major ones. Please see the module 2 lab study objectives in blackboard, for all of the axial skeleton markings you are responsible for. You are not required to learn any markings in the virtual lab that are not on this list.
We know, it’s a lot of bones! This is what you need to know so find a method to study this information: Some use index cards, some practice labeling diagrams, some have a friend quiz them, or all of the above. Find what works for you. Students have also made up ‘sayings’ and ways to remember certain parts of the skeleton. Ones we know will be shared in the virtual lab but also look for/make up your own!
Activity 2: Identifying Major Bones (Diagram on next page)
Identify the Major Bones. Each letter will only be used once.
1.
4
2. Fibula
3. Humerus
4. Ribs
5. Ulna
6. Coccyx
7. Sternum
8. Scapula
9. Radius
10. Vertebral Column
11. Tibia
12. Mandible
13. Sacrum
14. Pelvis
15. Skull
16. Patella
17. Femur
18. Clavicle
Activity 3: Identifying Skull Bones, Sutures, and Markings
Identify the bones and structures. Each letter will only be used once.
19. Coronal suture
20. Parietal Bone
21. Occipital Bone
22. Sphenoid Bone
23. Styloid process
24. Lacrimal bone
25. Mastoid process
26. Squamosal suture
27. Ethmoid
28. Maxilla
29. Alveolar Processes
30. Temporal Bone
31. Frontal Bone
32. External acoustic meatus
33. Zygomatic bone
34. Nasal bone
35. Vomer
36. Lambdoidal suture
Activity 4: General Vertebral Structure
Match the parts of the general vertebrae. Each letter will only be used once.
37.
38. Vertebral Body
39. Spinous process
40. Transverse process
41. Vertebral foramen
42. Pedicle
43. Lamina
44. Articular Facet
Activity 5: Vertebral Column Matching
Match the parts of the vertebral column with their name and/or number. Some letters will be used more than once!
1.
45. 12
46. Lumbar
47. 7
48. Coccyx
49. Axis
50. 5 (not fused)
51. Atlas
52. Cervical
53. Thoracic
54. Sacrum
*All images in this lab are copyright of McGraw-Hill
image2.png
image3.png
image4.png
image5.png
image6.png
image7.png
image1.png
image2.png
image3.png
image4.png
image5.png
image6.png
image7.png
image1.png
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