2. Pathophysiology (Due 24 hours)

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Parts  1 and 2 have the same questions, however, you must answer with references and different writing always addressing them objectively, that is as if you were different students. Similar responses in wording or references will not be accepted.


APA format


1) Minimum 6 pages  (No word count per page)- Follow the 3 x 3 rule: minimum of three paragraphs per page


You must strictly comply with the number of paragraphs requested per page.

           

           Part 1: minimum  3 pages 

           Part 2: minimum  3 pages


Submit 1 document per part


2)¨******APA norms

         All paragraphs must be narrative and cited in the text- each paragraph

         Bulleted responses are not accepted

         Don't write in the first person 

         Don't copy and paste the questions.

         Answer the question objectively, do not make introductions to your answers, answer it when you start the paragraph


Submit 1 document per part


3)****************************** It will be verified by Turnitin (Identify the percentage of exact match of writing with any other resource on the internet and academic sources, including universities and data banks) 

********************************It will be verified by SafeAssign (Identify the percentage of similarity of writing with any other resource on the internet and academic sources, including universities and data banks)


4) Minimum 3 references (APA format) per part not older than 5 years  (Journals, books) (No websites)

All references must be consistent with the topic-purpose-focus of the parts. Different references are not allowed.


5) Identify your answer with the numbers, according to the question. Start your answer on the same line, not the next

Example:

Q 1. Nursing is XXXXX

Q 2. Health is XXXX


6) You must name the files according to the part you are answering: 

Example:

Part 1.doc 

Part 2.doc

__________________________________________________________________________________

Parts  1 and 2 have the same questions, however, you must answer with references and different writing always addressing them objectively, that is as if you were different students. Similar responses in wording or references will not be accepted.


Part 2: Pathophysiology


Answer in paragraph format each of the questions that are indicated. That is, you must objectively answer each of the questions in the order indicated.

Cardiovascular diseases are.......Coronary artery disease (CAD) is........ Cardiac arrhythmia is ......


One paragraph

1. Describe Major Circulation and Minor Circulation with its relationship with Cardiac cycle: 

a. how the oxygenated blood come into heart and go out, and how deoxygenated blood get into the heart and go out

b. how this blood is passing from chamber to chamber of heart and which valves are opening and closing during these events. 

2. Describe what happen on each the chamber and valves of the left heart during left ventricle diastole and systole.


One paragraph

3. Why the left ventricle is the thickest chamber of the heart? (PPT Slide 10)

4. Function of semilunar and atrioventricular valves.

5. Great vessels carrying oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to or form the heart.

6. What is Coronary circulation? What is collateral arteries circulation?


One paragraph

7. Describe the circulation system of the heart

8. What means in a Heartbeat ekg these waves and segments?

9. P wave, PR segment, QRS complex, ST Segment, T wave.

10. Concepts for Preload, Afterload, Ejection Fraction, and Cardiac Output.


One paragraph

11. Related to Myocardial Contractility: what is Inotropism and mention examples for Positive Inotropic and negative inotropic.

12. Effects of parasympathetic and sympathetic activity over the heart.

13. Features of Arteries, Capillaries and Veins.

14. How Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system can control Blood Pressure?


One paragraph

15. What is the Lymphatic System and what is its function?

16. What happen to arteries during aging process?

17. What happen to get Varicosities veins and what are its outcomes?

18. What is DVT? D-Dimer test, what is measured on this test?


One paragraph

19. What is an aneurysm? True vs False Aneurysm?

20. How are arterial thrombus created?

21. Embolism concept. Types of embolism.

22. Atherosclerosis, how it occurs?


One paragraph

23. What is PAD? Symptoms.

24. How happens coronary artery disease? Dyslipidemia’s role in CAD.

25. Angina vs Unstable Angina vs Myocardial Infarction. 

26. Concepts for: Acute Pericarditis, Pericardial Effusion.

One paragraph

27. What is Cardiomyopathy.

28. Endocardium Disorders: Valves Malfunctioning, what is stenosis and insufficiency(regurgitation)?

29. What happen and symptoms for Mitral and Aortic Stenosis and Insufficiency?

30. What is Rheumatic Fever? Which most affected valve?


One paragraph

31. Infective endocarditis: Pathogenesis

32. Heart Failure: concept, pathogenesis.

33. What is Systolic vs Diastolic Heart Failure.


Part 2: Pathophysiology


Answer in paragraph format each of the questions that are indicated. That is, you must objectively answer each of the questions in the order indicated.


Cardiovascular diseases are.......Coronary artery disease (CAD) is........ Cardiac arrhythmia is ......


One paragraph

1. Describe Major Circulation and Minor Circulation with its relationship with Cardiac cycle: 

a. how the oxygenated blood come into heart and go out, and how deoxygenated blood get into the heart and go out

b. how this blood is passing from chamber to chamber of heart and which valves are opening and closing during these events. 

2. Describe what happen on each the chamber and valves of the left heart during left ventricle diastole and systole.


One paragraph

3. Why the left ventricle is the thickest chamber of the heart? (PPT Slide 10)

4. Function of semilunar and atrioventricular valves.

5. Great vessels carrying oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to or form the heart.

6. What is Coronary circulation? What is collateral arteries circulation?


One paragraph

7. Describe the circulation system of the heart

8. What means in a Heartbeat ekg these waves and segments?

9. P wave, PR segment, QRS complex, ST Segment, T wave.

10. Concepts for Preload, Afterload, Ejection Fraction, and Cardiac Output.


One paragraph

11. Related to Myocardial Contractility: what is Inotropism and mention examples for Positive Inotropic and negative inotropic.

12. Effects of parasympathetic and sympathetic activity over the heart.

13. Features of Arteries, Capillaries and Veins.

14. How Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system can control Blood Pressure?


One paragraph

15. What is the Lymphatic System and what is its function?

16. What happen to arteries during aging process?

17. What happen to get Varicosities veins and what are its outcomes?

18. What is DVT? D-Dimer test, what is measured on this test?


One paragraph

19. What is an aneurysm? True vs False Aneurysm?

20. How are arterial thrombus created?

21. Embolism concept. Types of embolism.

22. Atherosclerosis, how it occurs?


One paragraph

23. What is PAD? Symptoms.

24. How happens coronary artery disease? Dyslipidemia’s role in CAD.

25. Angina vs Unstable Angina vs Myocardial Infarction. 

26. Concepts for: Acute Pericarditis, Pericardial Effusion.


One paragraph

27. What is Cardiomyopathy.

28. Endocardium Disorders: Valves Malfunctioning, what is stenosis and insufficiency(regurgitation)?

29. What happen and symptoms for Mitral and Aortic Stenosis and Insufficiency?

30. What is Rheumatic Fever? Which most affected valve?


One paragraph

31. Infective endocarditis: Pathogenesis

32. Heart Failure: concept, pathogenesis.

33. What is Systolic vs Diastolic Heart Failure.

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