The two factors that I would consider when evaluating an
argument would be clarity and credibility. If you do not
have clarity as to what the argument is regarding then it
makes it difficult to understand exactly what the issue is
and whether or not I should agree, disagree or be neutral
on the subject. The other factor being credibility, this is
important to take into consideration as you evaluate an
argument so as not to take someone's opinion as factual
information. We also want to make sure that the person
has provided evidence to back up their argument.In deductive
arguments one takes the evidence given and makes assumptions
with the evidence provided to make a conclusion. However,
in an inductive argument the information is taken and it
looks for the stronger and consistent evidence before making
a conclusion.Reflecting on this weeks lesson regarding deductive
and inductive arguments was interesting to me because we
use these methods everyday, however we should not be so
quick to come to conclusions without really looking into the
evidence available before making a conclusion. Two factors that
we should consider when evaluating an argument would be
credibility and relevance. Is the presenter only bringing facts
to the argument that have something to do with the issue
at hand or are they bringing in extra stuff that really
is not pertinent to this topic to maybe cloud your judgement
or sway you into another topic all together? Is the presenter
a credible and reliable source? What is his or her
background? Is their stance on the topic at hand based on
facts or opinions? All of this matters when attempting to
make an intelligent decision on a specific topic.
Inductive arguments only present some of the information, just
enough to make you believe that there is no way the
other argument could possibly be true. Deductive arguments
would be presenting enough logical information to make a
more sound judgement, for instance A is greater than B
and B is greater than C, therefore A must be greater
than C.
I actually really enjoyed the pro and con articles this
week. I enjoyed the topic at hand because it really is
a real world issue, always has been and I believe it
always will be. It can be hard to remember anything when
I am in the middle of an argument but it would be
very helpful to keep my surrounding as well as the other
person's feelings in mind. I have learned this week that
you must keep the other's persons point of view in mind
in order to successfully get your point across. When evaluating
an argument there are two factors that come into the
equation and those are "clarity and credibility." As a person
is evaluating an argument one of the most important aspects
to be sure they understand the argument in its entirety.
We should all ask for clarification so that we can better
support the argument. If you don't fully understand an
argument then you aren't truly evaluating the argument. Which
is also why the other factor of evaluating an argument
comes in - credibility. In order to truly evaluate any
argument you have to consider the source and information.
Is it from a reliable and creditable source? If you don't
examine the credibility or gain clarity a person won't be
able to support the argument. For me personally I have
to work on "assuming" too much or not digging deeper
to find the credibility. This chapter has helped me to take
my time to evaluate the argument and it's entirety before
I start to speak on it.
From the reading in Chapter 7 & 8 I understand the
difference between deductive and inductive arguments is that
inductive arguments are as solid or strong and could come
from a probability and not a definite. Deductive arguments
can be fact or fiction.
After completing this weeks' assignments and recapping what I
learned the realization of what I stated in the first paragraph
is that I need to evaluate the argument and really gain
clarity and credibility before I respond. It's very easy for
me to assume the information is credible and/or assume I
understand the argument instead of asking for clarity. We all
have things to work on but this week's reading help me
understand myself a little more. Be quick to clarify not
quick to respond. The two factors you need to consider
when evaluating an argument are clarity and credibility. These
two things are important because without them you can have
a constructive argument and will just have meaningless banter.
You have to be able to understand what the argument is
about and make sure the points are all credible. Being
able to put these two things together make the main
ingredients to a good argument.
The reading in these chapters tell us what inductive and
deductive arguments are. These give us the book definition
of these, but I believe the most basic meaning of these
are that deductive arguments are based on facts but don't
really give a full definition of that fact. Meaning that it
will almost lead you to believe that what is being argued
is the point and not the facts. As for inductive will
give the facts and stick to them and give you a
reasonable meaning for the point of the argument, it won't
lead you to believe the truth is there because the facts
"should show you them"
The most interesting activity this week was reading two
articles and seeing how one topic has opposite views. But
them a lot of topics have two sides to them, but this
one definitely had two strong arguments for both sides. After
reading Chapter 6 evaluating arguments, two factors I consider
when evaluating an argument is clarity and credibility. I
picked clarity because if a person is not clear and do
not have a good understanding what person is saying it
could cause an argument among people. It is always better
to be clear, explain and give an explanation to what it
is you are stating when having a argument. Another factor
I consider was Credibility. I picked credibility because it is
important to have true information that you can prove to
be true than to make assumptions based off of what you
think or how you think it should be.
Inductive Arguments can be stronger or weaker and not true
or false. To me meaning that you can have a good or
bad argument but what you are saying is neither true or
false. Deductive Argument is when the argument is true and
all the facts are valid. The most interesting concept I
found interesting was the factors of evaluating Arguments. I
found this interested because it gave different factors on ways
how to break down different ways to evaluate arguments.
Clarity and Credibility are the most important factors when
evaluating an argument. Most speeches or debates would not
be credible if the speaker does not have their speaking
points correct or in order. These examples are mostly seen
in a Presidential Debate or even a high school speech
class. Even though clarity and credibility are very important
most people can be persuaded by only partial truths.
I would suggest that the biggest difference between inductive
and deductive arguments is that deductive is mostly based on
facts and not thoughts. Deductive is mostly driven by
elimination, mathematic and definitions. By using deductive a
person speaking will most likely drive the points of those
three concepts (elimination, mathematic and definitions) and make
valid arguments using facts based on the three types of
arguments. Typically inductive arguments will be weaker and
more opinionated. I believe that studying the factors of clarity
and credibility are the most interesting concepts that I learned
about during the week. I feel that it is very important
to use use clarity and credibility in your personal and
professional life. Leading by those examples will ensure that
you are a clear and transparent employee or leader.
Five factors should be considered when evaluating an argument.
• Clarity
• Credibility
• Relevance
• Completeness
• Soundness
Of these five components used to construct and analyze an
argument, I believe that clarity is one of the most important
factors.
Having clarity allows you to identify the issue(s). Being clear
about the issue(s) helps keep the argument focused. If the
issue(s) is unclear, the argument goes nowhere and can leave
people feeling frustrated and misunderstood. A valid argument
clearly presents the issue with good reasons and allows
one to accept or reject a particular position to make up
their own mind about an issue.
Though all five factors are essential to forming a great
argument, credibility is the second most crucial component. It
is important to have credible evidence to support claims.
Credible evidence should be accurate, unbiased, complete, and
consistent with other relevant evidence. The more evidence there
is to support the claim, the more reasonable it is to
accept. Having impeccable credibility helps form and support
the remaining components of an argument; relevance, completeness,
and soundness.
Inductive arguments contain evidence based on social behavior
and generalization; they are neither true nor false. Inductive
arguments can have social error and fallacies because it is
based on generalization (stereotyping) and probability instead of
certainty.
Deductive arguments are based on mathematical evidence and
certainty. A valid deductive argument has true premises and
conclusions. Deductive arguments have credible evidence and logic,
making the argument sound. To remember the five factors
for the criteria to use to construct and analyze an argument
is an excellent resource.
I am intrigued to begin paying attention to arguments and
practice identifying, breaking down, diagramming, and evaluating
arguments to see how valid and sound they are. Two
factors we should consider when evaluating an argument is
Clarity and Credibility. Identify if the terms are clear and
understandable. If it's not clear ask for clarification, that is
your first step. Second factor to consider is credibility. Ensure
that the premises are credible and backed with by
evidence.Inductive argument is a collection of evidence of
something specific that is collected and supports a general
conclusion. It will give information that provides the basis
and necessary grounds for a deduction and valid reasoning.
Deductive argument will begin with a factual premise, pretty
much means that the conclusion you want to reach must
be true. They contain enough information for a conclusion to
be given on any topic. This type of argument begins with
a statement that is always believed to be true.The most
interesting part of this week was getting the opportunity to
learn how to recognize and evaluate casual arguments. Also
on how we tend to generalize when getting to a conclusion.
The example given about the cat was perfect and a
relatable explanation. In my opinion the two factors you
should consider when evaluating and argument is clarity and
credibility. When it comes to any argument that is given
you always need to understand what the argument is referring
to because if neither party understands what is going then
the argument will never come to a proper conclusion.
Credibility plays a huge roll as well because in order to
have a good stand in any argument you need to have
facts and sources to back up the facts which will give
you a strong stand in the argument.In my own words the
difference between an inductive and deductive argument is that
deductive you come up with an idea, then an observation
and finally a conclusion for example women do not like
going shooting , Sam is a woman therefore she does not
like shooting. Inductive is when you observe something ,
then analyze it then come up with a theory for example
my face breaks out when I eat chocolate, signs of allergic
reaction therefore I am allergic to chocolate.This week I
really enjoyed watching the video help break down the types
of arguments and everything that goes along with it. Another
thing I really enjoyed was the reading which went more
in depth about inductive and deductive arguments. Overall the
activities were a great breakdown of everything covered this
week. Clarity and completeness are two important factors in
an argument that go hand in hand. The clarity of an
argument needs to be clear without bias. The wording in
the arguments is defined and understandable without having
mixed definitions. So, the argument can not be misconstrued.
The premises used are complete and support your argument.
If there are missing premises than the argument is not
sound and will be able to be picked apart. Inductive
arguments use the probability factor of situation. For instance,
if the premises could mostly be true, then the conclusion
would be true. Deductive arguments are based on eliminations
of false premises to come to the correct conclusion of an
argument. The premises are true than the argument is true.
Deductive arguments are the most interesting concepts I learned
this week. I find myself using deductive arguments in life
than inductive. I do not like to have issues resolved by
chance. Vein diagramming of arguments was confusing to me.
I would have to practice it more to understand the concept.
Reading about how to diagram will not help me remember
the skill. It is important to be able to analyze an
argument and break it down, two main factors I believe
you should look for in a good argument is relevance and
completeness. while the information does need credible sources,
the premises need to be relevant to the argument's conclusion
can be false. the argument also needs to be complete, it
needs to consider all sides before coming to a conclusion.
Without checking the other perspective, the conclusion can
become biased or invalid.An inductive argument is an assumption,
A theory that starts with an observation and concluded without
much evidence to back it up. this is something that you
cannot necessarily prove and can be easily disproved with
newfound evidence. an example is: the last 3 tests were
easy, therefore the next test will be easy." A deductive
argument is the opposite, It starts with a theory that can
be proven or disproven and the conclusion is always correct
with the right evidence. with deductive reasoning, you can
formulate a theory and test that theory by collecting data
and analyzing it until you can prove or disprove the
conclusion of the argument.The textbook has provided a lot
of examples and exercises that helped further my understanding
of the chapters we are studying. my personal favorite was
in chapter 6, breaking down an argument by identifying the
premises and the conclusion. the exercise that I applied was
the end of the chapter practice where Kennedy was arguing
for the rights of Gay marriage using facts and breaking
down the legitimacy of why it should be legal. He used
proper premises both dependent and independent to support his
conclusions.one thing that I had to struggle with and do
extra research on was the difference between Independent and
dependent Premises. While the definition of both was clear,
I couldn't seem to get a grasp of how to use them
in the example. Both premises seemed they could be used
on their own or conjoined if they wanted to. While there
are many factors that should be considered while evaluating
an argument, I think Credibility and Completeness are the
two most important. They're the opposites of two parts of
bad arguments, namely Misinformation and Withholding the Truth.
If we fail to pay attention to the credibility of premises
in an argument, then our understanding of the argument is
limited to whatever information the arguing party gives us.
Chapter 6 had an excellent example of a young girl that
presented the argument 1) I am a girl, 2) girls become
nurses, boys become doctors, therefore 3) I cannot become a
doctor. The second premise of this argument is clearly false
if examined through the lens of critical thinking, but if
we don't apply our critical thinking skills to the credibility
of premises such as these then we can have a misguided
understanding of the argument. Completeness is a bit trickier
to understand, but the omission of relevant premises can make
an argument seem true when it really isn't. The following
argument is related to an example I used in an earlier
discussion post, but it's relevant here too. 1) seatbelts are
now required in cars, 2) emergency room visits for injuries
obtained in car crashes have gone way up, therefore 3)
seatbelts make people more likely to be injured in a car
crash. This argument may seem valid at first, but when
examined through the lens of critical thinking we see that
it's incomplete. There should be a third premise, "deaths from
injuries obtained in car crashes have gone way down". If
we don't pay attention to the completeness of arguments, we
may once again have a misguided understanding of the
argument.Deductive arguments remind me of math - the conclusion
is not just logically, but inevitably drawn from the premises.
The Wason card problem (or the more easily understandable
underage drinking problem) are excellent examples of this. A
deductive argument may be complex or otherwise difficult to
follow, but in the end there's only one factually correct
conclusion. Inductive arguments are less like math and more
like a story. The premises will point towards the conclusion,
sometimes with great evidence, but there's no factually correct
conclusion.I really enjoyed looking over the diagraming of
arguments in chapter 6. Of course I've used arguments for
as long as I've been able to speak and write, but I've
never broken one down in such a way. The two areas
in evaluating an argument I believe are credibility, and
soundness. Credibility of an argument needs to have strong
facts and sources to be viewed as valid. Soundness of an
argument is also a primary need. If your ideas are not
well-thought out your argument can be flawed and not very
sound in your presentation. Inductive arguments usually follow
the premises. They are either stronger or weaker in support
of the conclusion rather than being true or false. Deductive
arguments necessarily follow the premises. That is if the
premises are true, and the reasoning process is valid.What
we studied this week was interesting. The different part of
an argument was fascinating, as well as, how to defuse a
lot of arguments. I got the gist of what the book was
saying, but I will have to work on how to best evaluate
the process on how to present an argument. I am also
wondering how you would want to diagram an argument.
Most of the arguments I have had you do not have the
time to do such a thing, unless you are on a debate
team on working as a lawyer, you do not have the
time for that. Just thinking aloud. The videos are the best
teaching tool when it comes to talking about these kinds
of things. One factor that should be considered when evaluating
critical thinking is clarity. To have clarity in an argument
means that you completely understand what the argument entails
and that it is straight forward. This is important because
if you do not understand your own argument and the
premises to it, it has no value. Another very important
factor that should be considered when evaluating critical thinking
is credibility. Credibility in an argument means that there is
factual evidence and reasoning to back up your claim. This
is important because with out credible sources and evidence
your argument is most likely invalid, and it is dangerous
to spread mis-information.
The differences between inductive and deductive arguments are
drastic but very easy to understand. While the premises of
inductive arguments are support for the conclusion, the premises
of deductive arguments are facts. I think the major difference
between the two is that deductive arguments are 100% certain
or absolute while inductive is very probable and uncertain.My
favourite reading from this week was chapter six with all
of the factors to evaluate in an argument. I think this
section will truly help me in my day to day life by
having controlled, knowledgeable arguments. one of the factors
I consider we should evaluate are Argument from definition,
why because it is based on a key term or essential
attribute in a defintion, the second one is, Hypothetical
Syllogism, why because it contains two premises at least one
of which is a hypothetical conditional statement. Inductive
provides support but not neccessarily proof for the conclusion,
which means like when me and my cousin got to arguing
she was saying things but could't state the fact the whole
purpose of the argument.Deductive the conclusion necessarily follows
from the premises, which means she never got to the
bottom of why we was arguing, what was the purpose
and getting loud and anger if you can't tell us the
reason for this all. Reflecting on this learning activity it's
plenty of ideas, topics, and concepts, I have learn and it's
so much more I would like to learn. When evaluating an
argument I believe the two factors that should garner the
most attention are the Premise and Conclusion of the argument.
A good premise should be based in facts, knowledge and
experience. If a premise is based in opinions or biases of
any sort the argument could be considered faulty in the
educational field and in terms of critical thinking. The
conclusion should be in alignment with the arguments premise
and keep everything cohesive. Being able to identify the
structure and tone of the premise and conclusion may also
help identify whether the argument is deductive or
inductive.Inductive arguments tend to rely on conjecture or a
pattern. Inductive arguments can usually be based in probabilities
or likelihoods rather than facts. Inductive arguments are not
insured and can be viewed if looking for probability over
facts. Deductive reasoning is the search for accuracy and
precision. The premise in deductive arguments are factual and
to the point. The end result of this form of argument
is usually a factual conclusion. Learning how to evaluate an
argument based on clarity, credibility, relevance, soundness and
completeness was definitely very helpful for me this week. I
feel like in the age of misinformation being able to sort
through some of the chaos is a tool everyone can benefit
from. Two of the factors we should consider when evaluating
an argument are Relevance, which will help to ensure that
you have the material provided that is factual and supports
what is stated. The second factor is Soundness, to help
ensure that there is evidence that supports the facts of the
positive conclusion and ensure it gives specific detail to make
your point and argument strong. These two of the five
factors are important to build an argument. Having these
factors helps to ensure that you are clear in stating your
platform, you have used credible material that is relevant,
you have looked at all sides to ensure you have not
missed an important piece. Last but not least is the
soundness that you have supporting evidence.Inductive Arguments
suggests it is factual however using certain words can change
the outcome to likely. Inductive does not have all the
proof of investigative facts, therefore they are weak and do
not have any support. Deductive arguments are common sense
reasoning from investigating and have facts and conclusions,
they are the truth. It will have supporting evidence.The
learning activity that was most interesting this week was the
Video explaining arguments and how it helped you remember
Clarity, Credibility, Relevance, Completeness & Soundness. "CCRCS".
Using word association is always helpful for me. The material
this week was explained well through the videos and readings.
Being able to recognize the issue in any argument and
also keeping an open mind so that your brain can ask
the right questions, are two things to consider when evaluating
an argument. These are two important parts because if we
can point out the issue we can begin to formulate an
opinion or solution to the argument. When my husband and
I argue I keep an open mind about whatever it is he
is trying to convey. When I do this it helps him to
feel more comfortable to communicate with me rather than
feeling attacked. Having a good listening ear before jumping
to a conclusion is vital in the communication process. My
hubby likes to say that he is the smartest man that I
know. That statement indicates an inductive argument i feel.
I am familiar with other men but I don't know their
levels of intelligence. That doesn't make his statement true
per say. Maybe If he rephrases his statement to being the
smartest man that I have ever been married to, then
wouldn't that indicate a deductive argument? Its true and
valid that I haven't dated much and in the past I have
not picked the most intellectual guys.Its also tru that we
are married. I think this concept of inductive versus deductive
arguments is the most interesting topic this week. I am
still trying to accurately pin point the differences. I think
I will further read up on this because it can be tricky
distinguishing between the two. Two important factors that we
should consider when evaluating an argument may include
premises and the presence of fallacies. The main goal of
an argument is to provide a stance in regards to a
certain topic, and it is important evaluate the presence of
premises. Premises are the reasons, and they are sometimes
not absent of opinion or non credible facts. Fallacies may
also take form in an argument. There may be generalizations
that will negate the credibility of the whole argument.In my
own opinion, deductive arguments actually have a conclusion.
For example, if someone says that all cats are cute, and
a stray cats are cats, then stray cats are cute. This is
a deductive argument, but it is invalid. Not all deductive
arguments are valid. Inductive arguments predict a conclusion.
This would be like saying "Sally did not clean her room.
She is messy." This statement predicts the conclusion that
she is messy.This week, I enjoyed learning about inductive
and deducting arguments. I think that it is important to
be able to evaluate arguments and be able to acknowledge
premises. Being able to identify if an argument is valid
or invalid also will contribute to better critical thinking skills.
Two factors we should consider when evaluating an argument
are Clarity and Relevance. Clarity is important because you
want to make sure you clearly and fully understand exactly
what the argument is. If you evaluate a argument without
clarity of the argument you are more than likely to have
a conclusion that doesn’t make sense or could be totally
wrong. Relevance is important because you want to make
sure that you have relevant evidence to support your argument.
If it is not relevant to the argument then it cannot
support it. The difference between inductive and deductive
arguments is that with inductive arguments statements more so
offer support to the conclusion and with deductive arguments
the statement more so proves the conclusion or why the
conclusion is correct or legit. I don’t have a specific
interesting activity, they all were very much interesting and
very knowledgeable. Understanding exactly what an argument is
and the breakdown to take into consideration when evaluating
an argument was great information to obtain.
