Running_aa Head:_aa DATA_aa VISUALIZATION_aa aa_aa aa_a aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa a_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_a aa_aa
_aa aa_aa aa_a aa_aa aa_aa a _aa aa_aa aa_a aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_a aa_aa aa_aa aa_a aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa aa_a aa_aa aa_aa a _aa aa_aa aa_a aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_a aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_a aa_aa aa_aa aa_a aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa 1
DATA_aa VISUALIZATION
DATA_aa VISUALIZATION_aa _aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa a_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa _ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa 2
Executive_aa Summary
Data_aa visualization_aa refers_aa to_aa the_aa graphical_aa representation_aa of_aa data_aa in_aa
different_aa forms_aa such_aa as_aa figures,_aa graphs,_aa charts,_aa etc._aa In_ the_aa project_aa on_aa
gun_aa violence,_ data _aa visualization _ has _aa been _aa used _aa in _aa order _aa to _aa present _aa all _aa
the_aa statistical_aa information_aa in_aa an_aa understandable_aa form._aa The _aa graphs_aa and_aa
charts_aa make_aa the_aa information_aa relating_aa to_a gun_aa violence_aa easier_aa to_aa
understand._aa The_aa data_aa visualization_aa section_aa sheds_aa light_aa on_aa data_aa
visualizations_aa included_aa in_aa the_ study. _aa It_aa highlights_aa the_aa three_aa data_aa
visualizations_a of_aa the_aa project._aa It_ includes_aa the_aa gun_aa violence_aa plot,_aa the_aa
demography_aa plot_aa in_aa a_aa yearly_aa manner,_aa and_aa the_aa gun_aa laws_aa plot._aa The_aa
three_aa visualizations_aa can_aa provide_aa a_aa comprehensive_aa understanding_aa of_aa the_aa
gun_aa violence_ project._aa Each_aa of_aa the_aa three_aa data_aa visualizations_aa will_aa
significantly_aa contribute_ to_ the_aa research_aa context.
Data_aa Visualization_aa 1_aa –_aa Gun_aa Violence_aa Plot
Gun_aa violence_aa plot_ shows_aa the_aa number_aa of_ incidents _aa that_aa have _aa
taken_aa place_aa in_ a_aa particular _aa year-month._aa The_aa x-axis_ depicts_aa the_aa data_aa of_aa
incidents,_aa and_aa the_aa y-axis_aa presents_aa the_aa frequency_aa of_aa gun_aa violence_aa
incidents._aa In_aa this_aa case,_aa the_aa R_aa library_aa that_aa has_aa been_aa used_aa is_aa ggplot2._aa
The_aa R_aa code_aa used_aa has_aa been_a shown_aa below.
cp_aa <-_aa ggplot_aa (data=filtered_demo_df,_aa aes(x=Var1,_aa y=Freq,_aa group=1))+_aa
geom_line(color="#aa0022",_aa size=0.75)
DATA_aa VISUALIZATION_aa _aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa a_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa _ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa 3
As_aa per_aa the_ information_aa in_aa the_aa code,_aa the_aa date_a of_aa incidents_aa is_aa
added_aa in_aa place_aa of_a Var1._aa Similarly,_aa Frequency_aa is_aa written_aa in_aa place_aa of_aa
Freq._aa
The_aa gun_aa violence_aa plot_aa below_aa shows_aa the_aa incidents_aa of_aa gun_aa
violence_aa in_aa the_aa year_aa 2014._aa The_aa highest_aa number_aa of_aa gun_aa violence_aa
incidents_aa occurred_aa in_aa August_ and_aa the_aa least_aa in_aa February._aa
The_aa gun_aa violence_aa plot_ below_aa shows_aa the_aa incidents_aa of_aa gun_aa
violence_aa in_aa the_aa year_aa 2015._aa The_aa highest_aa number_aa of_aa gun_aa violence_aa
incidents_aa occurred_aa in_aa July_aa and_aa the_aa least_aa in_aa February.
The_aa gun_aa violence_aa plot_aa below_aa shows_aa the_aa incidents_aa of_aa gun_aa
violence_aa in_aa the_aa year_aa 2016._aa The_aa highest_aa number_aa of_aa gun_aa violence_aa
incidents_aa occurred_aa in_aa August_ and_aa the_aa least_aa in_aa February.
DATA_aa VISUALIZATION_aa _aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa a_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa _ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa 4
The_aa gun_aa violence_aa plot_aa below_aa shows_aa the_aa incidents_aa of_aa gun_aa
violence_aa in_aa the_aa year_aa 2017._aa The_aa highest_aa number_aa of_aa gun_aa violence_aa
incidents_aa occurred_aa in_aa July_aa and_aa the_aa least_aa in_aa February.
The_aa gun_a violence_aa plot_aa below_aa shows_aa the_aa incidents_aa of_aa gun_aa
violence_aa in_aa the_aa year_aa 2018._aa The_aa highest_aa number_aa of_aa gun_aa violence_aa
incidents_aa occurred_aa in_aa January_aa and_aa the_aa least_aa in_aa February.
Data_aa Visualization_aa 2_aa –_aa Demography_aa Plots
DATA_aa VISUALIZATION_aa _aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa a_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa _ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa 5
The_aa graphs_aa have_aa been_aa plotted_aa with_aa the_aa use_aa of_aa the_aa library_
ggplot2_aa of_ R_aa Studio._aa The_aa use_aa of_aa the_aa ggplot2_aa function_aa allows_aa easy_aa
plotting_aa of_aa the_aa graph._aa It_aa provides_aa the_aa users_aa to_aa choose_aa the_aa specific_
colors_aa of_aa the_ background _ and _aa lines._aa In_ order _aa to _ make _aa the _aa
transformation,_aa the_aa R_ code_aa that_aa has_aa been_aa used_aa is_ given_aa below.
cp_aa <-_aa ggplot(data=filtered_demo_df,_aa aes(x=_ Date_of_Incidents, _aa y=_aa
Number_of_Incidents,_aa group=_aa Black_percentage_indicator,color=_aa
Black_percentage_indicator))+_aa geom_line(size=0.75)
In_a the_aa plots_aa shown_aa below,_ the_aa x-axis_aa denotes_a the_aa data_aa of_aa gun_aa
violence_aa incidents,_aa and_aa the_ y-axis_aa shows_aa the_aa number_aa of_aa incidents_aa that_aa
took_aa place_aa in_aa the_aa specific_aa year-month._aa 0_a and_aa 1_aa are_aa used_aa as_aa black_aa
percentage_aa indicators._aa 0_aa represents_aa the_aa black_aa population_aa less_aa than_aa 10%._aa
On_aa the_aa other_aa hand,_aa 1_aa represents_aa the_aa black_aa population_aa greater_aa than_aa
10%._aa _aa The_aa red_aa line_aa in_aa the_aa graph_aa represents_aa the_aa number_aa of_aa incidents_aa
among_aa the_aa black_ population_aa less_aa than_aa 10%._aa The_aa blue_aa line_aa represents_aa
the_aa black_aa population_aa greater_aa than_aa 10%._a
In_aa 2014,_aa in_aa the_aa higher_aa population_aa states,_aa the_aa number_aa of_aa gun_aa
violence_aa incidents_aa in_aa January_aa was_aa nearly_aa 4400._aa The_aa maximum_aa number_aa
of_aa incidents_aa was_aa recorded_aa in_aa September._aa It_aa was_aa 500._aa In_aa December,_aa the_aa
number_aa of_aa gun_aa violence_aa incidents_aa reduced_aa to_aa 3900._aa In_aa the_ lower_aa
population_aa states,_aa the_aa highest_aa number_aa of_aa gun_aa violence_aa incidents_aa was_aa
recorded_aa to_aa be_aa 5300_aa in_aa July._
DATA_aa VISUALIZATION_aa _aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa a_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa _ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa 6
In_aa the_aa year_aa 2015,_aa the_aa number_aa of_aa gun_aa violence_aa incidents_aa in _a the_aa
higher_aa population_aa states_aa varied_aa between_aa 3000_aa to_aa 5000_aa from_aa the_aa months_aa
of_aa January_aa to_a July._aa It_ reduced_aa to_aa 4300_ in_aa November._aa In_aa the_aa lower_aa
population_aa states,_aa the_aa highest_aa number_aa of_aa incidents_aa was_aa recorded_aa in_aa
August._aa It_aa was_aa nearly_aa 5000._aa _aa In_aa the _ month_aa of_aa November,_aa the_aa number_aa
of_aa gun_aa violence_aa incidents_aa in_aa the_aa lower_aa population_aa states_aa reached_aa nearly_aa
0.
The_aa graph_aa below_aa shows_aa the_aa gun_aa violence_aa incidents_aa in_aa 2016._aa In_aa
2016,_aa the_a higher_aa population_aa states_aa witnessed_aa about_aa 4600_aa gun_aa violence_aa
incidents_aa in_aa January._aa It_aa reached_aa 1000_aa in_aa the_aa month_aa of_aa February._aa In_
DATA_aa VISUALIZATION_aa _aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa a_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa _ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa 7
the_aa lower_aa population_aa states,_aa a_aa lesser_aa number_aa of_aa incidents_ were_aa witnessed_aa
in_aa the_aa year_aa 2016._aa
The_aa graph_aa below_aa shows_ the_aa gun_aa violence_aa incidences_aa that_aa took_aa
place_aa in_aa the_aa year_aa 2017._aa The_aa higher_aa population_aa states_aa witnessed_aa an_
increase_aa in_a the_aa number_aa of_aa gun_aa violence_aa incidents._aa The_aa most_aa significant_aa
increase_aa took_aa place_aa between_aa the_aa month_aa of_aa May_ and_aa October._aa In_aa the_
lower_aa population_aa states,_aa the_aa maximum_aa gun_aa violence_aa incidents_aa were_aa
recorded_aa in_aa the_a month_aa of_aa April._
DATA_aa VISUALIZATION_aa _aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa a_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa _ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa 8
The_aa graph_aa below_aa shows_ the_ number_aa of_aa gun_aa violence_aa incidents_aa
that_aa occurred_aa in_aa the_aa year_aa 2018,_aa along_aa with_aa the_aa dates._aa In_aa the_aa year_aa
2018,_aa the_aa lower_aa population_aa states_aa witnessed_aa a_aa gradual_aa increase_aa in_aa the_aa
number_aa of_aa gun_aa violence_aa incidents.
State-wise_aa Demography_aa Plots
The_aa graphs_aa below_aa have_aa been_aa plotted_ with _aa the _aa use_aa of _aa the _aa
ggplot2_aa library_aa of_aa R_aa Studio._aa The_aa x-axis_aa shows_aa the_aa different_aa states_aa in_aa
the_aa United_aa States_aa of_aa America._ The_aa y-axis_aa shows_aa the_aa number_aa of_aa gun_a
violence_aa incidents._aa The_aa code_aa that_aa has_aa been_aa used_aa for_aa the_a transformation_aa
is_aa shown_aa below.
cp_aa <-_a ggplot(data=filtered_demo_df,_ aes(x= _aa state, _aa y= _aa Freq, _aa group= _aa 1))+ _aa
geom_bar(stat="identity",_aa fill="#aa0022")
The_aa graph_aa below_aa shows_ the_aa number_aa of_aa gun_aa violence_aa incidents_aa
that_aa took_aa place_aa in_ different_aa states_aa of_aa the _aa USA_aa in_aa the_aa year _aa 2013._aa In_aa
2013,_aa about_aa 280_a incidents_aa were_aa reported_aa in_aa Alabama.
DATA_aa VISUALIZATION_aa _aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa a_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa _ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa 9
The_aa graph_aa below_aa shows_ the_aa number_aa of_aa gun_aa violence_aa incidents_aa
that_aa took_ place_aa in_aa different _ states _ of _aa the _aa USA _aa in _aa the _aa year _aa 2014. _aa
The_aa highest_aa number_aa of_aa incidents_aa were_aa recorded_a in_aa California._aa It_aa is_aa
about_aa 16500_aa cases._a
The_aa graph_aa below_aa shows_ the_aa number_aa of_aa gun_aa violence_aa incidents_aa
that_aa took_ place_aa in_aa different _ states _ of _aa the _aa USA _aa in _aa the _aa year _aa 2015. _aa
Illinois_aa witnessed_aa the_ highest _aa number_aa of_aa gun _aa violence _aa incidents._aa It_aa was _
nearly_aa 17500._aa
DATA_aa VISUALIZATION_aa _aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa a_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa _ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa 10
_aa The _aa graph_aa below_aa shows_aa the_aa number_aa of_aa gun_aa violence_aa incidents_aa
that_aa took_ place_aa in_aa different _ states _aa of _aa the _aa USA _aa in _aa the _aa year_aa 2016._aa
The_aa city_aa of_aa New_aa York_aa recorded_aa the_aa highest_aa number_aa of_aa gun_aa violence_aa
incidents_aa with_aa 9000_ cases._aa
The_aa graph_aa below_aa shows_ the_aa number_aa of_aa gun_aa violence_aa incidents_aa
that_aa took_aa place_aa in_ different_aa states_aa of_aa the _aa USA _ in_aa the_ year _aa 2017._aa In_aa
this_aa year,_aa Texas_aa witnessed_aa the_aa highest_aa number_aa of_aa gun_aa violence_aa
incidents,_aa with_aa about_aa 14500_aa cases._aa
DATA_aa VISUALIZATION_aa _aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa a_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa _ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa 11
The_aa graph_aa below_aa shows_ the_aa number_aa of_aa gun_aa violence_aa incidents_aa
that_aa took_aa place_aa in_ different_aa states_aa of_aa the _aa USA_aa in_ the_aa year _aa 2018._aa In_aa
this_aa year,_aa Wisconsin_aa recorded_aa the_aa highest_aa number_aa of_aa gun_aa violence_aa
incidents,_aa with_aa about_aa 4900_aa cases.
Data_aa Visualization_aa 3_aa –_aa Gun_aa Laws_aa Plot
The_aa graphs_aa have_aa been_a plotted_aa with_aa the_aa use_aa of_aa the_aa ggplot2_aa
library_aa of_aa R_aa Studio._aa The_aa R_aa code_aa that_aa has_aa been_a used_aa for_aa the_aa
transformation_aa is_aa shown_aa below.
DATA_aa VISUALIZATION_aa _aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa a_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa _ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa 12
cp_aa <-_aa ggplot(data=filtered_demo_df,_aa aes(x=Date_of_Incidents,_aa
y=Number_of_Incidents,_aa group=strict_gun_laws,color=_aa strict_gun_laws))+_aa
geom_line(size=0.75)
The_aa graph_aa has_aa been_aa plotted_aa taking_aa into_aa consideration_aa the_aa laws_aa
like_aa hand_aa gun_aa firearm_aa registration_aa law_aa and_aa hand_aa gun_aa permit_aa law._aa The_aa
output_aa data_aa evaluates_aa the_aa strictness_aa of_aa the_aa different_ gun_aa laws._aa The_aa
output_aa shows_aa ‘Yes’_aa if_aa both_aa the_aa gun_aa laws_aa are_aa strictly_aa followed._aa It_aa
shows_aa ‘No’_aa if_aa both_aa or_aa any_aa one_aa of_aa the_aa gun_aa laws_aa are_aa not_aa followed_aa
properly._aa
➢ Gun_lws$Den_aa <-_aa ifelse(Gun_lws$hand_gun_permit_required_aa ==_aa 'Yes'_aa
&_aa !is.na(Gun_lws$hand_gun_permit_required)_aa |_aa
Gun_lws$hand_gun_firearm_registration_aa ==_aa 'Yes'_aa &
_aa _aa _aa _aa _aa _aa _aa _aa _aa _aa _aa _aa _aa _aa !is.na(Gun_lws$hand_gun_firearm_registration), _aa
"Yes",_aa "No")
The_aa graph_aa below_ shows_ the_aa strictness_a of_aa the_aa gun_aa laws_ in_aa the_aa
year_aa 2014._ The_aa maximum_aa number_aa of_a gun _aa violence_aa incidents_aa took_aa place,_aa
showing_aa the_aa lack_ of_ strictness _a of_aa gun_ laws.
DATA_aa VISUALIZATION_aa _aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa a_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa _ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa 13
The_aa graph_aa below_ shows_ the_aa strictness_a of_aa the_aa gun_aa laws_ in_aa the_aa
year_aa 2015._aa The _ gun _ laws_aa were_aa liberal,_aa resulting_ in_aa an_ increase_aa in_a the_aa
number_aa of_aa gun_aa violence_aa incidents.
The_aa graph_aa below_ shows_ the_aa strictness_a of_aa the_aa gun_aa laws_ in_aa the _
year_aa 2016.
DATA_aa VISUALIZATION_aa _aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa a_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa _ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa 14
The_aa graph_aa below_ shows_ the_aa strictness_a of_aa the_aa gun_aa laws_ in_aa the_aa
year_aa 2017.
The_aa graph_aa below_ shows_ the_aa strictness_a of_aa the_aa gun_aa laws_ in_aa the_aa
year_aa 2018.
DATA_aa VISUALIZATION_aa _aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa a_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa
_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa _aa _ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_ aa_aa aa_aa aa_aa _aa aa_aa aa_aa
_aa aa_aa 15
Proposed_aa Visualizations_aa
The_aa presence_aa of_aa an_aa additional_aa set_aa representing_ the_aa status_aa of_aa
participants_aa can_aa enhance_aa the_aa accuracy_aa of_aa data_aa visualization._aa The_aa status_aa
can_aa include_aa information_aa as_aa to_aa whether_aa the_aa participant_aa is_aa penalized,_aa
arrested,_aa or_aa killed._aa On_aa the_aa basis_aa of_aa the_aa rules_aa and_aa regulations,_aa the_aa
information_aa of_aa different_aa states_aa will_aa vary._aa The_aa status_aa of_aa the_aa participant_aa
can_aa also_aa help_a in_aa providing_aa information_aa as_aa to_aa whether_aa the_aa regulations_aa
and_aa laws_aa of_aa a_ state_aa in _aa the _aa USA _aa are _aa strong _aa or _aa not. _aa The _aa data _aa sets _aa
can_aa enable_aa the_ higher_aa authorities_ to_aa implement_aa restrictions_aa in_aa order_aa to_aa
reduce_aa the_aa number_aa of_aa gun_aa violence_aa incidents_aa in_aa the _ state._aa The_aa data_aa
visualization_aa can_aa help_aa in_aa the_aa establishment_aa of_aa better_aa regulations_aa and_aa
laws._aa
