Southern New Hampshire University
PHL-212 Intro to Ethics
Exam 8 questions and answers
1
Which of the following statements displays the speaker's unfair bias?
"I shop at Milton's because the competitors' prices are too high."
"I shop at Milton's because their service can't be beat."
"I shop at Milton's because it's close to my house."
"I shop at Milton's because the competitors are immigrants."
CONCEPT
The Effect of Bias in Moral Decision Making
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2
Patricia makes an obscene gesture at another motorist.
How might a virtue-based ethicist classify this action?
Neutral
Obligatory
Impermissible
Supererogatory
CONCEPT
Commitments of Virtue-Based Ethics
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3
Genevieve believes that every person should avoid making rash judgements.
Which of the following actions is inconsistent with her belief?
Genevieve dismisses a beggar because she says all beggars are
drug addicts and are just going to use money to buy drugs.
Genevieve is at the deli when an employee makes a
mistake. Instead of asking to speak to the manager, she
points out the mistake and it gets fixed.
Genevieve suspects her new coworker doesn't like her, but she is
still very respectful towards her and tries to get to know her
better.
Genevieve has a bad feeling about her sister's new boyfriend,
~?
but she gets to know him and realizes he's a stand-up
gentleman.
CONCEPT
Establishing a Consistent Value System
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4
"Genetic screening is morally wrong because choosing not to have a fetus with disabilities decreases diversity
and prioritizes able-bodied people."
To which theory of ethics is the person who made this statement likely appealing?
Virtue-based ethics
Egoism
Utilitarianism
Kantian deontology
CONCEPT
Case Study: Genetic Screening
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5
"Money will never make me happy, but I get a good feeling when I help those in need."
To which theory of ethics is the person who made this statement likely appealing?
Virtue-based ethics
Divine command theory
Egoism
Kantian deontology
CONCEPT
Case Study: Wealth Distribution
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6
Which of the following is an example of bias based on personal interest?
I blame another driver for aggressive driving, but I’m justified
when I have to do it.
I never shake another man's hand sitting down because that's how I
was raised.
I’ve never known a mixed-race couple, so it makes me
uncomfortable to see one.
I believe everyone should donate 10% of their income to the church
because that’s what my parents taught me.
CONCEPT
Sources of Bias in Ethical Decisions
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7
"Eating animals is morally acceptable because it is commonplace in America."
To which theory of ethics is the person who made this statement likely appealing?
Kantian deontology
Egoism
Conventionalism
Virtue-based ethics
CONCEPT
Case Study: Animal Rights
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8
Which of the following ethical statements exemplifies deontology?
Harming an animal is wrong because animals can't reason.
Punching someone is wrong because it causes pain.
Killing someone is wrong because killing is intrinsically wrong.
Running from battle is wrong because it is cowardly.
CONCEPT
Sources of Value in Ethical Decisions
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9
Which of the following critiques represents a challenge to virtue-based ethics?
What constitutes a virtue is debatable.
Unintended effects have too much impact on the agent's guilt.
The same rules do not apply to everyone.
It can be tough to know all the possible effects of an action.
CONCEPT
Problems with Virtue-Based Ethics
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10
Natalie notices a young girl who waits for the school bus on the corner by Natalie’s house. The girl carries
her books and school supplies in a plastic bag rather than in a backpack. Because Natalie grew up in
poverty and
remembers feeling like an outcast in school, she buys a backpack and presents it to the girl. However, the girl
says her mother doesn’t allow her to accept gifts from strangers.
According to a virtue-based ethicist, Natalie’s action is ethical if she is .
acting out of a sense of compassion and good will
expecting gratitude and praise from the young girl
focusing on her own needs more than the girl’s needs
providing the backpack to encourage or impress others
CONCEPT
Apply Virtue-Based Ethics
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11
Which of the following people would be most satisfied with virtue-based ethics?
Calvin is looking for an ethical system that is based on the Torah.
Chandra is looking for an ethical system that evaluates actions
in and of themselves.
Carl is looking for an ethical system that focuses on his character
as well as his actions.
Cindy is looking for an ethical system that is based in cultural norms.
CONCEPT
Support for Virtue-Based Ethics
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12
"Colonialism is morally wrong because the damage and moral wrongdoings to indigenous people cost more than
the benefits to colonizers."
To which theory of ethics is the person who made this statement likely appealing?
Egoism
Conventionalism
Utilitarianism
Kantian deontology
CONCEPT
Case Study: Colonialism
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13
Utilitarianism is an example of which ethical position?
Deontology
Consequentialism
Relativism
Character ethics
CONCEPT
Different Considerations for Evaluating Actions
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14
In the department store, you witness a well-dressed woman quietly stuffing a pair of socks into her purse.
If you were a virtue ethicist, how might you evaluate this action?
You would determine that the action is right because she is
demonstrating that she has a great need for the socks.
You would determine that the action is wrong because she must be
a thief, and stealing the socks reveals a flaw in her character.
You would determine that the action is right because your sense of
compassion tells you it’s important that she have socks to warm
her feet.
You would determine that the action is wrong because stealing,
by its nature, is always wrong.
